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1、第 1章软件工程学概述1.1 软件危机1.1.1 软件危机的介绍软件危机(软件萧条、软件困扰:是指在计算机软件的开发和维护过程中所遇到的一系列严重问题。软件危机包含下述两方面的问题:如何开发软件,满足对软件日益增长的需求;如何维护数量不断膨胀的已有软件。软件危机的典型表现:(1对软件开发成本和进度的估计常常很不准确;(2用户对“已完成的”软件系统不满意的现象经常发生;(3软件产品的质量往往靠不住;(4软件常常是不可维护的;(5软件通常没有适当的文档资料;(6软件成本在计算机系统总成本中所占的比例逐年上升;(7软件开发生产率提高的速度,远远跟不上计算机应用迅速普及深入的趋势。1.1.2 产生软件
2、危机的原因(1与软件本身的特点有关(2与软件开发与维护的方法不正确有关第 1 页，共 48 页1.1.3 消除软件危机的途径对计算机软件有正确的认识。认识到软件开发是一种组织良好、管理严密、各类人员协同配合、共同完成的工程项目。应该推广使用在实践中总结出来的开发软件的成功技术和方法,并继续研究探索。应该开发和使用更好的软件工具。总之,为了解决软件危机,既要有技术措施(方法和工具,又要有必要的组织管理措施。1.2 1.2.1 软件工程的介绍软件工程:是指导计算机软件开发和维护的一门工程学科。采用工程的概念、原理、技术和方法来开发与维护软件,把经过时间考验而证明正确的管理技术和当前能够得到的最好的
3、技术方法结合起来,以经济地开发出高质量的软件并有效地维护它,这就是软件工程。(期中考软件工程的本质特性:软件工程关注于大型程序的构造软件工程的中心课题是控制复杂性软件经常变化开发软件的效率非常重要和谐地合作是开发软件的关键软件必须有效地支持它的用户第 2 页，共 48 页文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7
4、W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档
5、编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3
6、U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J1
7、0I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD
8、10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5
9、H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 Z
10、V2Q6P7W5P8文档编码:CM3U2Z2J10I7 HD10G1L5H1R9 ZV2Q6P7W5P8在软件工程领域中是由具有一种文化背景的人替具有另一种文化背景的人创造产品1.2.2 软件工程的基本原理用分阶段的生命周期计划严格管理坚持进行阶段评审实行严格的产品控制采用现代程序设计技术结果应能清楚地审查开发小组的人员应该少而精承认不断改进软件工程实践的必要性1.2.3 软件工程方法学软件工程包括技术和管理两方面的内容。软件工程方法学 3 要素:方法、工具、过程1.传统方法学(生命周期方法学或结构化范型强调自顶向下2.面向对象方法学 强调主动地多次反复迭代面向对象方法学 4 个要点:对象、类
11、、继承、消息1.3 软件生命周期(必考三个时期八个阶段:软件生命周期由软件定义、软件开发和运行维护(也称为软件维护三个时期组成,每个时期又进一步划分成若干个阶段。第 3 页，共 48 页文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z
12、2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8
13、Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI
14、8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 Z
15、I8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10
16、ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10
17、 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R1
18、0 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7三个时期:八个阶段:软件生命周期软件定义软件开发软件维护问题定义可行性研究需求分析概要设计详细设计编码和单元测试综合测试运行维护系统设计系统实现1.4 软件过程1.4.1 瀑布模型第 4 页，共 48 页文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8
19、V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F
20、8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9
21、F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B
22、9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8
23、B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN
24、8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:C
25、N8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T71.4.2 快速原型模型1.4.3 增量模型1.4.4 螺旋模型1.4.5 喷泉模型第 2章可行性研究2.1可行性研究的任务可行性研究的目的:不是解决问题,而是确定问题是否值得去解决。可行性研究的实质:进行一次大大压缩简化了的系统分析和设计的过程,也就是在较高层次上以较抽象的方式进行的系统分析和设计的过程。可行性研究的内容:首先进一步分析和澄清问题定义
26、,导出系统的逻辑模型;然后从系统逻辑模型出发,探索若干种可供选择的主要解法(即系统实现方案;对每种解法都研究它的可行性,至少应该从三方面研究每种解法的可行性。主要方面:技术可行性,经济可行性,操作可行性,其他方面:运行可行性,法律可行性,第 5 页，共 48 页文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F
27、9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10
28、F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y1
29、0F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y
30、10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2
31、Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z
32、2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8
33、Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T72.2 可行性研究过程1.复查系统规模和目标2.研究目前正在使用的系统3.导出新系统的高层逻辑模型4.进一步定义问题5.导出和评价供选择的解法6.推荐行动方针7.草拟开发计划8.书写文档提交审查2.3 系统流程图系统流程图:是概括地描绘物理系统的传统工具。表达的是数据在系统各部件之间流动的情况,而不是对数据进行加工处理的控制过程。2.4数据流图2.4.1符号基本符号:第 6 页，共 48 页文档编码:CN8
34、B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN
35、8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:C
36、N8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:
37、CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码
38、:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编
39、码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档
40、编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7数据存储:数据存储是处于静止状态的数据;数据流:数据流是处于运动中的数据。附加符号:星号
41、(*:表示“与”关系加号(+:表示“或”关系异或(:表示互斥关系2.5数据字典数据流图和数据字典共同构成系统的逻辑模型。2.5.1 数据字典的内容数据字典的组成:数据流数据流分量(即数据元素 数据存储处理2.5.2定义数据的方法方法:对数据自顶向下分解。第 7 页，共 48 页文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 Z
42、I8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10
43、ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10
44、 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R1
45、0 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R
46、10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3
47、R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P
48、3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7数据组成方式(三种基本类型:顺序选择重复附加类型:可选符号:=意思是等价于(或定义为;+意思是和(即,连接两个分量;意思是或(即,从方括弧内列出的若干个分量中选择一个,通常用“|”号隔开供选择的分量;意思是重复(即,重复花括弧内的分量;常常使用上限和下限进一步注释表示重复的花括弧。(意思是可选(即,圆括弧里的分量可有可无。2.5.3数据字典的实现计算机实现人工实现2.6成本/效益分析2.6.
49、1 成本估计:1.代码行技术 2.任务分解技术3.自动估计成本技术2.6.2 成本/效益分析的方法成本/效益分析涉及的 4 个概念:1.货币的时间价值2.投资回收期3.纯收入第 8 页，共 48 页文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R1
50、0 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R10 ZI8Z2Y10F9T7文档编码:CN8B9F8V1B10 HQ4J8J9P3R