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1、1 人教版高中地理选修四知识点总结环境与环境问题环境的概念及分类人类与环境的关系：互相影响、互相制约。人类活动影响了环境，反过来环境也会制约人类，作用力越大则反作用的制约力越大。环境问题的表现：资源短缺，环境污染，生态破坏，全球环境变化环境问题产生的原因：（1）自然原因自然原因引起的环境问题，主要指火山爆发，地震，山崩，泥石流，台风，海啸，寒潮，水旱等自然界固有的自然灾害（2）人为原因解决当代环境问题的关键是在尽可能短的时期内，控制世界人口的增长，使世界人口稳定在适度的规模当代环境问题的特点：1、危害的不可预见性：2、过程的不可逆性：3、规模的全球性：两种不同的环境观:传统的环境观：人地关系：
2、人地对立基本观点：征服自然精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页，共 42 页 -2 后果：资源枯竭和环境破坏新的环境观：人地关系：天人合一，人地归一保持平衡与协调。后果：良性方向发展可持续发展的概念和内涵（1）概念可持续发展就是既满足当代人的需求，又不对后代人满足其自身需求能力构成危害的发展。它是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术和自然环境的综合概念。（2）基本思想鼓励经济增长；要保证资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境；谋求社会的全面进步。（3）中国的可持续发展中国21 世纪议程环境污染与防治地理环境的自净能力的概念：指环境对外来物质具有一定的消纳、同化能力。环境污染的原因:在一定的时间
3、、空间范围内，环境的自净能力是有限的,污染物排放超过其环境其自净能力，就会产生环境污染自净机理：物理净化，化学净化，生物净化不同水体的自净规律：河流湖泊地下水(原因从流动速度,更新周期,溶精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页，共 42 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9
4、E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4
5、R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9
6、E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4
7、R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9
8、E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4
9、R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K33 解氧考虑)重金属污染:污染物:各种重金属污染过程及危害:通过水体或食物链造成人或动物中毒水体富营养化
10、:水体富营养化发生在淡水水体，称为“水华”；发生在海洋，称为“赤潮”1、形成条件：较为封闭的海湾、湖泊等水体中，由于水体的流动性差，自净能力弱2、污染物：氮磷等营养元素3、污染源：工业废水、生活污水、农业废水4、危害水生植物和鱼类死亡水质变坏湖泊变沼泽5、湖泊沼泽化本身是一种自然现象，进程缓慢。人类活动（水体富营养化与围湖造田）加快了这一进程海洋石油污染1、污染源：近海石油的开采、加工和运输，海上油轮泄漏2、污染物：石油精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页，共 42 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
11、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4
12、M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
13、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4
14、M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
15、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4
16、M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
17、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K34 3、危害：直接危害：油污染能直接导致海鸟、海兽的毛、皮丧失防水和保温性能，或因堵塞呼吸和感觉器官而大量死亡。油膜和油块能粘住大量的鱼卵和幼鱼，并阻碍海藻的光合作用，海底栖息动物则还要受沉降到海底的石油的影响。间接危害：石油在氧化分解过程中，因大量消耗水中的溶解氧，也会间接地对生物造成危害4、常发区域：世界的主要港湾、主要航线附近、海上油井周围5、怎样清除石油分散：喷洒强效洗涤剂，不宜在近岸或渔场使用沉降：撒粉状石灰，危害海底生物吸收：利用麦秆等吸收石油，静水环
18、境围栏：小面积油污，静水环境放任：任其自然分解燃烧：油层达 2mm，造成大气污染水污染的危害：危害人体健康降低农作物的产量和质量影响渔业生产的产量和质量制约工业的发展加速生态环境的退化和破坏造精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页，共 42 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3
19、C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 Z
20、R4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3
21、C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 Z
22、R4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3
23、C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 Z
24、R4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K35 成经济损失水污染的防治措施（1）工业水污染防治对策1.宏观性控制对策:优化产业结构与工业结构2.
25、技术性控制对策。如积极推行清洁生产，提高工业用水重复利用率，实行污染物排放总量控制制度。3.管理性控制对策，如完善法律法规，加大执法力度，健全环境监测网络（2）城市水污染防治对策1.将水污染防治纳入城市的总体规划2.城市废水的防治应遵循集中与分散相结合的原则3.在缺水地区应积极将城市水污染的防治与城市废水资源化相结合4.加强城市地表和地下水源的保护5.大力开发低耗高效废水处理与回收利用技术（三）农村水污染防治对策1.发展节水型农业2.合理利用化肥和农药精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 5 页，共 42 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2
26、K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 H
27、Z9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2
28、K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 H
29、Z9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2
30、K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 H
31、Z9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2
32、K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K36 3.加强对畜禽排泄物，乡镇企业废水及村镇生活污水的有效处理固体废弃物（通常称为垃圾）是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质城市垃圾的特点1、数量大 2、品种多 3、变化大当代垃圾产生的环境问题1、自然环境对固体废弃物具有一定的自净能力，例如沙土掩埋、微生物分解等，使垃圾回归土壤2、传统方式：用垃圾和粪便堆肥，使有机质回归土壤，不会造成环境污染注意：上述两种方式，不能处理所有的固体废弃物。3、固体
33、废弃物的危害：污染大气污染水体污染土壤占用耕地影响环境卫生危害人体健康固体废弃物污染防治与综合利用（一）固体废物减量化1.对城市固体废物：逐步改变燃料结构，减少垃圾生产量，加强产品的生精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 6 页，共 42 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
34、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4
35、M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
36、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4
37、M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9
38、U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4
39、M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K37 态设计，推行垃圾分类收集，搞好产品的回收、利用的再循环2、对工业固体废物：淘汰落后生产工艺，推广清洁生产
40、工艺，发展物质循环利用工艺（二）固体废物资源化与综合利用1.物质回收利用，如从废弃物中回收提取有用成分，如纸，重金属等2.物质转换利用，如废渣生产建筑材料、水泥，进行堆肥，产生农肥，取代某种工业原料等3.能量转换利用，如能有机废物的焚烧处理回收热量、发电，利用垃圾厌氧消化产生沼气（三）固体废物的无害化处理处置影响大气污染扩散和自净的因素：污染物排放量大小：若排放量小，则易扩散气象条件：风速、风向、气温、湿度、云况、辐射等凡是有利于增大风速、增强湍流的气象条件，都有利于污染物的扩散；出现逆温天气，大气层异常稳定时，不利于大气污染物的扩散精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 7 页，共 42
41、 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9
42、 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2
43、X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9
44、 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2
45、X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9
46、 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2
47、X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K38 地形：盆地、河谷地形，不利于污染物扩散大气污染物及其来源与危害主要污染物主要来源危害碳氧化合物，主要指CO 50来自汽车尾气有毒氮氧化合物，NO和 NO2 汽车尾气造成酸雨（硝酸型酸雨）碳氢化合物汽车尾气与氮氧化物形成光化学烟雾氯氟烃化合物制冷剂，发泡剂破坏臭氧层，形成臭氧空洞颗粒物矿物燃料的燃烧，汽车尾气，采矿，建材，冶金等工业企业和人类的农耕
48、活动影响城市空气质量的主要污染物硫氧化物（SO2）含硫煤的燃烧造成酸雨（硫酸型酸雨）可吸入颗粒物污染1、可吸入颗粒物直径小于10 微米2、空气污染指数（API）：空气质量的好坏取决于各种污染物中危害最大的污染物的污染程度。例如北方绝大多数城市的首要污染物均为可吸入颗粒物3、可吸入颗粒物的利弊：精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 8 页，共 42 页 -文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K
49、3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ
50、9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K3文档编码:CC8M3C9E9U9 HZ9E8T6S4B5 ZR4R4M2X2K