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1、Period 1 Understadning ideasThe Mysteries of THE MAYALearning aims:1. Recite the words of unit 5;2. Enable to understand the passage on the whole by finishing the exercise;3. Review language points by sentences analysis and apply them into writing;4. Accumulate some phrases and usages in the passage
2、 by reciting and applying.Step 1:Reading and comprehension of the passage 1.What had William Gadoury thought he discovered?A. Ancient star charts. B.An ancient jungle. C.An unknown Maya city. D. The location of ancient Maya cities.2.What does th word”complicated” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Difficult to
3、understand. B. Not known or identified.C.Unexpected, surprising or strange. D. Impossible or very difficult to believe.3.What might have caused the downful of Maya civilisation?A.The jungles expansion. B.Europeans invasion(入侵). C.A series of droughts. D.A deadly disease.4.What does the passage mainl
4、y talk about?A. An incredible discovery of a Maya city. B.Reasons for the Mayas collapse.C.Achievements of Maya civilization. D.The mysterious Maya civilization.CACDStep 2. Read the passage again and finish Activity 3&4 on P52answer:1-c 2-a 3-b 4-f 5-d 6-eMexicoCentral Americanatural disastersdiggin
5、g huge canal systemsturning wetlands into fieldspopulationdroughtslasting for a couple of yearsStep 3:Think and ShareWhat is the authors purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury?The story about William Gadoury shows how the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation have captur
6、ed peoples imaginations.Step 4: Translate and analyse these impotant sentences:1.Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even
7、animal power.3.Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilization must also leave us thinking ahout our own past, present and future.4.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natual disasers.5.Its once-great cities fell
8、 into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.6.On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.1.Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未为人所知的玛雅城市的据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐
9、藏于丛林深处的未为人所知的玛雅城市的位置。位置。language points：(1)buried deep in the jungle 过去分词短语作后置定语。过去分词短语作后置定语。bury.in.把把.埋到埋到.里里 be buried in 专心致志于专心致志于.(2)spot v.认出；弄脏认出；弄脏 n.地点；斑点地点；斑点 on the spot 当场；在现场当场；在现场2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of whee
10、ls, metal tools or even animal power.这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造他们的。的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造他们的。思考：思考：what和和 how分别引导什么从句？分别引导什么从句？what引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语的成分。引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语的成分。how引导表语从句，在引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语。从句中作方式状语。Some told tales of_they had helped them survive du
11、ring bad weather.(限限训训6)how3.Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilization must also leave us thinking ahout our own past, present and future.同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。5.Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to so
12、lve.曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。leave 的复合结构：的复合结构：leave+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(doing/done/to do/n./adj./adv./介词短语介词短语)(1)leave sb/sth doing sth使某人使某人/ /某物保持某物保持.状态状态Dont leave her_(wait) outside in the rain.(2)leave sb/sth done 表示被动或动作已经完成表示被动或动作已经完成He got up slowly, leaving the lunch_(fini
13、sh).(3)leave sb/sth to do 表示让表示让.去做某事，表将来或目的去做某事，表将来或目的He left me _(do) what he told but I refused his order.(4)leave the window open/ leave the light on/ leave the key at my officewaitingunfinishedto do4.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced
14、their ability to deal with natural disasters.通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。的能力。思考思考:that引导什么从句？常见的后面接引导什么从句？常见的后面接to do作后置定语的名词？作后置定语的名词？(1)it作形式主语，作形式主语，that引导真正的主语。引导真正的主语。(2)抽象名词常常用不定式做后置定语，如抽象名词常常用不定式做后置定语，如ability, freedom, chance, choice, opportunity, streng
15、th, way, desire 等；此外序数词后也常用等；此外序数词后也常用to do做定语。做定语。6.On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.除此之外，还有项当时在美洲独一无二的成就：一套真正的文字系统。除此之外，还有项当时在美洲独一无二的成就：一套真正的文字系统。完全倒装：将谓语完全置于主语之前的句子。完全倒装：将谓语完全置于主语之前的句子。on top of 除除.之外之外他除了薪金之外还拿奖金。他除了薪金之外还拿奖金。He gets
16、 bonus on top of his salary.变式训练：变式训练：1.当她意识到发生了什么的时候，她双手掩面而泣。当她意识到发生了什么的时候，她双手掩面而泣。When she realized what happened, she buried her face in her hands and cried.2.他们知道无论遇到什么困难，他们都有能力解决它们。他们知道无论遇到什么困难，他们都有能力解决它们。They know that no matter what difficulties come their way, they have the ability to solve
17、them. 3.看到招聘兼职英语翻译的广告，我写信申请这份工作。看到招聘兼职英语翻译的广告，我写信申请这份工作。(写作训练二写作训练二)Having seen the advertisement that a part-time English translator is in need, I am writing to apply for this job.4.约翰匆忙跑了出去，门没锁。约翰匆忙跑了出去，门没锁。John rushed out in a hurry, leaving the door unlocked.1.make an incredible discovery 有惊人的发现
18、有惊人的发现 discover v.2.through comparison 通过比较通过比较 compare-comparison 3.correspond to 符合，与符合，与.一致一致4.be based on 根据，以根据，以.为基础为基础5.be buried in 被埋在被埋在.;专心致志于专心致志于6.apply.to. 把把.运用到运用到.apply for 申请申请7.be accurate to 精确到精确到8.on top of 除除.之外之外9.at its peak 在在.巅峰巅峰 at the peak of.10.claim its riches 索取财富索取财
19、富 claim v.宣称；要求；索取宣称；要求；索取11.a deadly disease 致死的疾病致死的疾病 deadly adj.致命的致命的12.as their population expanded 随着人口增长随着人口增长 with population expanding13.last for 持续持续14.at different rate 以不同的速度以不同的速度 rate比率，等级，速度比率，等级，速度15.fall into ruin 衰落，败落衰落，败落16.be surrounded by 被被.包围包围17.by dismissed by 被被.解雇解雇18.le
20、ad to the decline of the Maya 导致了玛雅文明的衰退导致了玛雅文明的衰退 decline 下降；衰退；谢绝下降；衰退；谢绝19.a couple of 一对，三两个一对，三两个20.extend from.to. 从从.到到.延伸延伸1.He_(bury) in a novel, so he didnt notice me come in.2.Any_who would like _ to become an assistant in our company should send us an_before December.(apply)3.You cannot
21、predict everything_(accurate). Often things dont work out as you expect. 4.The number of people who run the red light_since the new traffic regulations came into effect.(decline n.)自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。5.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit got_(ruin).6._(abandon) himself to the sorrow of losing his cat, Steven just couldnt help crying.1.was buried 2.applicant; to apply; application 3.accurately 4.has been in decline/ on the decline 5.ruined 6.Abandoning