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1、Wine Training Program Level 1 葡萄酒培训-1 Seeking fine wines精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒I WineHistoryIIDefinitionofWineIIITypesofwineIVProduceProcessofWineVMainGrapeVarieties I 葡萄酒历史II 什么是葡萄酒III 葡萄酒种类IV 葡萄酒的酿造过程 V 主要葡萄品种Table of Contents目录目录Table of Contents目录目录 VI 主要葡萄酒产国 VII 旧世界与新世界 VIII 酒标 IX 波尔多 X 葡萄酒
2、服务 XI 葡萄酒品尝VIMainWineCountriesVIIOldWorld&NewWorldVIIIWineLabelsIXBordeauxXWineserviceXIWinetastingI Wine HistoryI 葡萄酒历史Wine HistoryMiddle AsiaCaspian SeaMesopotamia50005000BCBCAncientEgyptAncientEgypt25002500BCBCAncientGreeceAncientGreece16001600BCBCRomanEmpireRomanEmpire10001000BCBCGaul(France)Spa
3、inGermanyAustria400400BC-100ADBC-100AD1400-16001400-1600SouthAfricaMexicoArgentina17691769California(USA)California(USA)AustraliaAustraliaNewZealandNewZealand1788-18191788-1819葡萄酒历史葡萄酒历史中东里海美索布达米亚公元公元50005000前前古埃及古埃及公元公元25002500年前年前古希腊古希腊公元公元16001600年前年前古罗马帝国古罗马帝国公元公元10001000年前年前法国高卢法国高卢西班牙西班牙德国德国奥地
4、利奥地利葡萄牙葡萄牙公元公元400400年前至年前至公元公元100100年年公元公元1400-16001400-1600年年南非南非墨西哥墨西哥阿根廷阿根廷17691769加利福尼亚（美国）加利福尼亚（美国）澳大利亚澳大利亚新西兰新西兰1788-18191788-1819II Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义葡萄酒的定义oRipe&Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄oCrush the berries,release the juice and add yeast to the must.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物oFermentation conve
5、rts sugar into alcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精oWINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁Fermented Alcoholic Beverage发酵型酒精饮料发酵型酒精饮料oFruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg:Wine水果水果酿制的含酒精饮料酿制的含酒精饮料 例如例如:葡萄酒葡萄酒oGrain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg:Beer,Chinese rice wine,Sakeo谷类谷类和和蔬菜蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料酿制的酒
6、精性饮料 例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒Duringthefermentationprocess,yeast convertssugar intoalcoholandCo2在发酵期间在发酵期间，酵母酵母把把糖份糖份转化为转化为酒精酒精和和二氧化碳二氧化碳Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料oHistory:Mesopotamia 3500BC-First Distillation used for perfume making 历史:美索布达米亚，公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造oDistillation
7、:Separation of liquids by evaporation 蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开oSpirits:Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度oLiquors:Sweetened or flavored spirits 利口酒:加香和增甜的烈酒oA few distilled alcoholic beverages:Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandyo一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌 伏
8、特加 朗姆酒 龙舌兰酒 白兰地Tips：Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识：小知识：干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料Summary 摘要摘要Alcoholic BeveragesAlcoholic Beverages含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料 1)Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2)Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型
9、酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料葡萄酒成分葡萄酒成分o含香物质含香物质-(0.1%)o色素和丹宁色素和丹宁(红葡萄酒)-(0.3%)o酸酸-(1%)o糖份糖份-(0.1%干干-8%sweet甜甜)o酒精酒精-(餐酒餐酒10%,加加强葡萄酒强葡萄酒20%)o水份水份-(80%-90%)注注:以上为重量的大约百分比以上为重量的大约百分比III Types of wineIII 葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）香槟酒香槟酒 加瓦加瓦波特酒波特酒,雪利酒雪利酒红葡萄酒红葡萄酒红葡萄
10、酒红葡萄酒 白葡萄酒白葡萄酒白葡萄酒白葡萄酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒汽泡酒汽泡酒普通葡萄酒普通葡萄酒加强葡萄酒加强葡萄酒其他汽泡酒其他汽泡酒葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类（按用餐时上酒顺序（按用餐时上酒顺序）oo餐前酒餐前酒 (干雪利酒干雪利酒,香槟酒香槟酒,干白葡萄酒干白葡萄酒)oo餐酒餐酒 (红红,白白,玫瑰葡萄酒玫瑰葡萄酒)oo甜酒甜酒 (贵腐酒贵腐酒,冰酒冰酒,钵酒钵酒,晚丰收葡萄酒晚丰收葡萄酒)oo餐后消化酒餐后消化酒 (利口酒利口酒,果渣酒果渣酒)糖份酒精低高低高用餐开始用餐开始用餐结束用餐结束IV Produce Process of WineIV 葡萄酒的酿制过程VGrapeVariet
11、ies葡萄品种Summary摘要摘要o8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种o1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒o200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄o100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄o50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄oGrape variety,
12、a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种主要白葡萄品种White Grapes白葡萄品种白葡萄品种oChardonnay/莎当妮 oSauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁 oRiesling/雷司令 oGewuztraminer /琼瑶浆 oPinot Grigio/灰皮诺oViognier/威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种NativetoBurgundy源于法国的勃根第地区Nowworldsmostfashion
13、able&famouswhitevariety当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种Creamyandfull-bodied口感柔和饱满Whitefruitsandnuttyflavor白色水果及干果味Chardonnay莎当妮莎当妮White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Bordeaux,centralLoire波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部Crispacidity清新爽口偏酸Freshandaromatic清新果香芬芳CitrusandGrassy柑桔及青草味Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁白苏维翁White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种GrowninAl
14、sace,Germany,SouthAustralia,WashingtonState,etc种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile(dry,tartwinetoSweetlate-harvestwine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）Floralandmineralflavor花香及矿物味Naturallyhighacidity天然酸度高Atremendouscapacitytoage可陈年 Riesling 雷司令雷司令White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Alsace,Germany,Austria阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地
15、利Complex,generous层次分明，特征丰富鲜明Lychee,rose,spices,clovenotes荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味TropicalFruit&Cinnamon热带水果味&肉桂味Gewurztraminer 琼瑶浆琼瑶浆White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种PopularinNorthernItaly盛产于意大利北部FruiliandVeneto福茹利、维纳图FreshandAromatic新鲜，芬芳Lightcolor 颜色偏淡Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺灰皮诺NorthernRhne,Australia,California北罗纳谷,澳大
16、利亚,美国加州PrestigiousCondrieuAOC有声望的孔德里欧法定产地Peachflavor桃子香Verylowacidity酸度极低Viognier威格尼威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种 Main Grape Varieties 主要主要葡萄品种葡萄品种 Red varieties 红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Cabernet Sauvignon-赤霞珠赤霞珠 Merlot-美乐美乐 Pinot Noir-黑皮诺黑皮诺 Gamay-佳美佳美 Shiraz(Syrah)-西拉子西拉子 Sangiovese-桑吉奥维桑吉奥维 Nebbiolo-尼比奥罗
17、尼比奥罗 Zinfandel-仙芬黛仙芬黛 Tempranillo-泰普妮洛泰普妮洛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Full-bodied,tannic酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富Verycomplex,longevolution口味丰富，陈年长Blackcurrant,violet黑加仑，紫罗兰Cabernet Sauvignon赤霞珠赤霞珠 Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种AtraditionalBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Suppleandround口感柔顺，饱满Bla
18、ckandredcherry黑色及红色樱桃Chocolate巧克力Merlot美乐美乐Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 KingofBurgundy勃艮第之王Cherry,raspberry樱桃、覆盆子Spicenotes稍带辛辣Earthycomplexities泥土气息Asilkytexture,littletannins丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡Pinot Noir黑皮诺黑皮诺Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种GrapeusedtomakeBeaujolais用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Lightpurpleincolor酒体呈浅紫色Fruityandl
19、ightintannins果香浓郁,口感柔和Tobedrunkyoung趁年轻时喝 Gamay 佳美佳美Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种MostlygrowninRhneRegion,France,Australia主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚Richblackandredberryfruit,plum丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味Gameandspicecomplexity丰富的野味及辛辣味Richandfull-bodied口感丰富，酒体饱满 Shiraz or Syrah 西拉子西拉子 Italysmostcommongrape意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种C
20、hianti基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制BrunellodiMontalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺Lightlyfragrantwines酒香清淡Adistinctbittercherrytaste独特的苦莓味Tighttannins强烈的丹宁味Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Piemontesegrape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种GrapeforBarolo&Barbaresco酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒Tannic,acidicandaustere.丹宁丰富
21、、酸度适中、深沉Complex,full-bodied酒体饱满，口味丰富Betteraftermorethan4yearsaging最好陈年4年以上Nebbiolo尼比奥罗尼比奥罗MostlygrowninCalifornia主要种植于美国加州地区Deeplyconcentratedberryfruit浓缩的浆果味Jammy果酱味Intriguingspicenotes独特香辣Abigfinish回味极佳 Zinfandel仙芬黛仙芬黛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 ThefineSpanishvariety
22、很好的西班牙葡萄品种Rioja,Valdepenas里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区，Elegantandaromatic优雅，芬芳Tempranillo泰普妮洛泰普妮洛VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国主要葡萄酒产酒国Old Old WorldWorld旧旧旧旧世界世界世界世界oFrance法国法国 2*oItaly意大利意大利 1*oSpain西班牙西班牙3*New New WorldWorld新新新新世界世界世界世界oUSA美国美国 4*oAustralia澳大利亚澳大利亚6*oChile智利智利oArgentina 阿根廷阿根廷5*oNew Zealand新西兰新西兰o
23、South Africa南非南非*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家产量前六名国家 (Southern hemisphere+USA)南半球美国南半球美国 (European Countries)欧洲国家欧洲国家VII Old World VS New WorldVII 旧世界旧世界VS新世界新世界 Integrate more the soil and Integrate more the soil and climate factors.“climate factors.“TerroirTerroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征
24、Long tradition and historyLong tradition and history悠久历史和传统悠久历史和传统 Good visibility to the consumersGood visibility to the consumers客人容易理解客人容易理解 Main factor is the grape variety Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种主要根据葡萄品种 Consistent weather Consistent weather 相应气候相应气候 Difficult visibility to th
25、e Difficult visibility to the consumersconsumers 客人不易理解客人不易理解 Lots of regulationsLots of regulations很多规则很多规则 Too much standardizationToo much standardization标准太多标准太多 Not been produced for long Not been produced for long ageing ageing 储存时间较短储存时间较短Oldworld旧世界旧世界(European Countries 欧洲国家欧洲国家)(Southern h
26、emisphere+USA 南半球南半球 美国美国)Pros优点优点New World 新新世界世界Cons缺点缺点VIII Wine Labels酒标&How to Read Wine Label怎样解读酒标怎样解读酒标?&Winery 酒庄名酒庄名&Vintage年份年份&Alcohol Level酒精含量酒精含量&Net Volume 净含量净含量&(Name of Wine)酒名酒名&New World New World 新世界新世界新世界新世界&Grape Variety葡萄品种葡萄品种&Old World Old World 旧世界旧世界旧世界旧世界&Appellation产地产
27、地&Classification等级等级Usualcontentsofalabel酒标里包含的内容 Sample from the New World 来自新世界的样标来自新世界的样标 SSample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标来自旧世界的样标格拉夫列级酒庄年份：1999金狮堡佩萨克-雷奥良产区酒精度12.5voL酒庄装瓶容量750ml IX Wine Lists酒单酒单 IX Bordeaux 波尔多波尔多n n1 1、波尔多闻名世界的原因、波尔多闻名世界的原因、波尔多闻名世界的原因、波尔多闻名世界的原因n n2 2、波尔多的主要产区、波尔多的主要产区、波尔多的主
28、要产区、波尔多的主要产区n n3 3、八大名庄、八大名庄、八大名庄、八大名庄Medoc 梅多克o原产地（8大产区）o葡萄品种 o数据:（750种上等葡萄酒 16380 公顷种植面积）o历史Grave 格拉夫o位置o特点Puisseguin Saint-Emilion普瑟冈 圣爱美侬 X Wine Service葡萄酒服务 X Wine Service 葡萄酒服务葡萄酒服务 Presentationofthewinelist介绍酒单Taketheorderwithouthesitation确认订单Theclientasksforrecommendations客户要求推荐Recommendatio
29、nsoffered建议Theclientmaydoubtreinforce客户也许置疑加强你的推荐Presentationofthewine展示葡萄酒Openthewinebottle葡萄酒开瓶Clienttastesthewine客人品尝葡萄酒Winerejections拒绝葡萄酒Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物Pouringsequence斟酒顺序Glassrefillandreorder葡萄酒续杯和加酒Simplyaskwhoisgoingtoorderthewine简单询问哪位客人会点酒Thewineorderistakenrightaftertheorderof
30、thedishes点餐完毕后点酒Theclientcan:-eithermakehiswineorderwithouthesitation客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒-ortheclientmayaskforarecommendation或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐 Presentation of the Wine List 介绍酒单介绍酒单 Take the Order Without hesitations客人自主点酒客人自主点酒 Listentotheclientcarefully仔细聆听客人的需求Reformulateclearlyhischoice再清楚无误的重复他的选择Yo
31、umaycongratulatehim/heronthechoice,especiallyinfrontoftheirguests你可以赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前Nevercontradicthim,respecthistastes不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味Nevercriticizeawine绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄酒客人要求被推荐葡萄酒oListen pro-actively and gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息oThen give him a recommendation acc
32、ording to the dish and his budget.根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒 oPay attention to the circumstances&season 注意环境和季节的变化oOffer one or two recommendations,no more.Do not read the wine list！只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单oJustify your choice briefly with a few words 简短的介绍一下你的推荐Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示推荐小贴示 TraditionalTradition
33、al drinkers drinkers 经常饮用葡萄酒的客人经常饮用葡萄酒的客人经常饮用葡萄酒的客人经常饮用葡萄酒的客人 Promote the characteristics of Promote the characteristics of the region the region 强调葡萄酒的产地强调葡萄酒的产地 Promote the grape variety Promote the grape variety 强调葡萄品种的不同强调葡萄品种的不同1.1.Region and appellationRegion and appellation 产地产地 2.2.VintageVi
34、ntage 年份年份1.1.Grape varietyGrape variety 葡萄品种葡萄品种2.2.Origin Origin 产地产地(European clients 欧洲客人欧洲客人)(Southern hemisphere USA clients 南半球南半球 美国客人美国客人)NewNewdrinkersdrinkers刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人What if the Client is in Doubt?当客户犹豫不决时该如何做当客户犹豫不决时该如何做oShow him that you fully understood his request 说明你完全理
35、解他的需要oPerhaps recommend him another wine 或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒 oMost of the time,the client needs to be reassured 大多数时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择o“To do so,tell him a few words about the vineyards,winemaker,recent wine tasting”接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.Presentation of the Wine出示葡萄酒出示葡萄酒 oShow the bottle and label standi
36、ng on the right hand side of the person who ordered 站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标oNever hold the bottle by the neck 绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈oDo not shake the bottle.Be gentle.不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。oRed wine should be served at room temperature 红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝oWhite,rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice
37、bucket between pouring 白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温Open the Wine Bottle葡萄酒开瓶葡萄酒开瓶oAlways open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标oDo not turn your back to your customer 不要背对你的客人oCut the foil below the neck with opener.Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要
38、刺穿软木塞oBend the cork a little bit at the end to avoid making a noise拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音oPresent the cork upon successful removal from the bottle.Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上 Give the Client a Taste of the Wine客人品酒客人品酒n nAsk the guest who made the order to Ask the guest w
39、ho made the order to taste the winetaste the wine 请点酒的那位客人先试酒请点酒的那位客人先试酒n nPour approximately one soup spoon Pour approximately one soup spoon worth of wine into the glass of the worth of wine into the glass of the designated guestdesignated guest 倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人n nEnsure approval i
40、s given before you go Ensure approval is given before you go on pouringon pouring 点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒Wine Rejections拒绝拒绝oCorkiness:If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard,then the wine is corked被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染oOxidation:Sometimes the wine can be oxidized,meaning it has been
41、 exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物沉淀物oSometimes,one can find Deposit of Deposit of CrystalsCrystals in white wineswhite wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀酒石酸沉淀 SedimentSediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged redaged red&port wi
42、nesport wines.有年份的红葡萄酒及有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。-Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质葡萄酒中的天然固体物质 -Need to be decanted 需要进行醒酒需要进行醒酒Theses in no way affect the wine quality这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量Precipitations&Sediments 沉淀物沉淀物oSometimes,one can find a deposit of crystals in whitewhite wines在白葡萄酒中
43、，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀Sedimentcanaccumulateatthebottomofaged redaged red&port winesport wines有年份的红葡萄酒及钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。-Naturalwinesolids葡萄酒中的天然固体物质-Shouldbedecanted需要进行醒酒 These in no way affect the wine quality,nor the consumers health这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量 Wine Pouring Sequence
44、侍酒顺序侍酒顺序oFrom the right hand side,pour the wine for ladies first,clockwise from the host,then for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner站在客人右边，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向oThe person who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass最后才是主人的杯子oTwist the neck a little bit at the end
45、 of the pour侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶 Glass Refill and Reorder续杯和加酒续杯和加酒 Glass refill 续杯续杯 Make sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any request to stop the refill你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯，除非得到停止续杯的指令Recommend 2nd bottle or a new wine 加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒 Always ask the host whether a 2nd b
46、ottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred when there is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒Role Play 角色扮演角色扮演oAt least two persons至少两个人:-The trainer acts as a client 培训师扮演客人 -The volunteer acts as the waiter 志愿者扮演侍者oFollow the sequence of the wine service including bottle opening and wine pouring 演示侍酒服务的顺序包括开瓶和侍酒XI Wine Tasting Techniques 品酒技巧品酒技巧1)Appearance:Clarity,Brightness,Colorandintensity视觉：澄清度，亮度，颜色及深浅2)Nose:IntensityandAromas嗅觉：香气及浓郁程度3)Taste:Balance,flavorsandlength味觉：平衡口味及留香 Thank you!谢谢