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1、1目录英中文转化过程中在句子层面的障碍. 1英语句子的分类：.2一、定语 .2二、同位语 .3三、状语 .4四、插入语 .5主从复合句语序障碍的解决：.6定语从句语序障碍的解决：.6同位语从句： （其他从句） .7特别备注：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，状语从句.8考研英语句子的阅读实战分析法：.9一.确定主干： .9二.切分成分： .9三.独立成句： .9真题实战 . 11附录一： 50 个可接双宾语的高频动词.18附录二：接现在分词作宾补的20 个常用动词 . 2012019 版考研英语长难句解密讲义（配合考研英语长难句解密图书使用）（内部讲义翻印必究）主讲人：何凯文The future
2、hasarrived.It commences now.未来已来，始于现在英中文转化过程中在句子层面的障碍语义：词汇（语境）语序：The law is reasonfree from passion.英语句子转换为中文时没有语序障碍的情况:1.主+谓2.主+谓+宾3.主+谓+双宾4.主+谓+宾补5.主+系+表语例句：1.主谓结构(1) Kites rise.(2) Education pays.(3) The future hasarrived.(4) It commences (now).【Sth commences./ Sth commences with sth 】Your succes
3、scommences with your reason.(Kites rise highest againstthe wind - not with it.)2.主谓宾结构：(1) 【(Sb commencessth)】The NHS commences the research.(2) Prosperity makes friends.Adversity tries them.3.主谓双宾语结构：The time offers us the opportunity.The time awards the innovative people the generousreturns.The de
4、mocratic society gives the speechfreedom the widest latitude.(give sb sth/give sthsth)4.主谓宾宾补结构：The social media hasleft us vulnerable to the misleading information.（更多词见附录）The scientific plan prevents us making the detour.5.主系表结构：To divide people into good andbadis absurd.(It is absurd to divide pe
5、ople into good and bad.)Peopleare either charming or tedious.Ones first love is always perfect /until one meetsonessecond love.2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义2英语句子的分类：句和句简单句的定义：简单句语序障碍的来源和解决：简单句的障碍来源：1.2.3.4.简单句语序障碍的识别及处理方法一、定语作用和识别：修饰和限定名词的成分；名词前的叫前置定语；名词后的叫后置定语；前置定语：识别： 1.形容词2.现在分词3. 过去分词4.代词5. 名词例子1）Fat pay ris
6、e2）Luxury goods/luxurious goods3）Common ancestor/common dream4）the underlying assumption5）small but vocal local group6）the sound advice/ the sound understanding7）separatebut adjoining chamber8）legislative initiative9) conservation measures10)two distinctly separateand increasingly hostile branches11
7、) uplifting motives12）gay marriage/ gay genius处理：形容词+名词 =名词短语后置定语：形容词短语those unaware of the disaster现在分词短语Otoman fighting with xiaoguaisou过去分词短a picture painted by Picasson. +不定式短语the right to die介词短语the link between dreamsand emotions例 子 ： He successfully fought a lawsuit involvinga footballplayer
8、who wasparalyzed in a game.处理： (1)(2)1.介词短语：【介词 +名词】A reputation for slackingthe value of goods and services2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义3the presenceof grapesthe presenceof mobile phonethe presenceof telescopethe senseof fairnessproducts of high qualitythe book of value2.不定式短语： 【 to do +名词 / to do/】the right to
9、 define physical beauty.3.形容词短语： 【形容词 +介词 +名词 / 形容词 +to do 】the question hard to answer;4. 现在分词短语：the website promoting extreme dieting5. 过去分词短语：the researchcarried by the expert panel二、同位语定义和作用：补充说明名词或者句子（增加语言的多样性。 ）同位语的处理：独立成句识别：（1）B= A is BA，B /A-B/ A or B：（2）A= this is A.This= 名词 /句子A 和 B 都是名词Th
10、ese areA句子， A/ 句子 - A例子：1. The U.S workers have achieved about 95% of the productivityof their Japanesecounterpartsaresult of the training received on the job.This is aresult of the training received on the job2. The school education should emphasize the bravery, honesty， innovation ， tolerance，dece
11、ncy， affection ， integrity and reasonimportant quality necessaryto the harmony ofthe society.Theseareimportant quality necessaryto the harmony of the society.3. Many factors sexualconfusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope promotesomeNew Englandersdecision to leave the England.These aresex
12、ual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope4. The unfocused newspaper reviews were published between the turn of the 20thcentury andthe eve of World War II, a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap.This is a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap5. There is only one heroism in the world to seet
13、he world asit is andto love it.This is to seethe world asit is and to love it6. The Court supported the medical principleof double effect, a centuries-old moralprinciple.Robots will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least afew decisions for themselves goalsthat pose
14、areal challenge.These are goals that pose a real challenge.2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义47. Science may have found a cure for most evils; but it has found no remedy for the worst ofthem all - the apathy of human beings.8. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself nameless, unreasoning, unjustifiedterror,whic
15、hparalyzesneeded effortsto convertretreatintoadvance. (FranklinDelanoRoosevelt)三、状语定义和作用：修饰限定动词，形容词或者是整个句子；识别：1.副词2.现在分词短语3.过去分词短语4.不定式短语A 结构5.介词短语6.独立主格结构The institute displays great enthusiasmfor the liberal education.A 结构和定语的区别：1）A 结构前没有名词则可判定为状语。2）A 结构前有名词通常判定为定语，如果语义不通顺则改判为状语。(如果都通顺就不做区分了)The i
16、nstitute displays great enthusiasm for the liberal education.这个机构展现出对于素质教育的巨大热情。这个机构对于素质教育展现出了巨大热情。注意：写作中通常避免将做状语的A 结构置于名词后。处理：将状语剥离出整个句子；1）按中文的表达习惯调整位置；句子开头；主语后，动词前；结果状语可以在句尾；2）独立成句（常常是某些副词；）例句：1.The Mathematic test is admittedly difficult for students of 2018.2.It is painfully apparent that his at
17、tempt is not viable.3.Chinas long-term educational reform program understandably and necessarily emphasizesthe cultivation of innovative minds.4.Academically, this theory needs more solid evidence. Pragmatically, it provides a viableway to solve the problem.5. It is inevitably painful to retreat fro
18、m the predominance.“ 山上的人，不要瞧不起山下的人，因为终有一天他们会上山取代你，上山的人，也不要瞧不起下山的人，因为他风光时你还在山下。”对一种隔离结构的强调:1.They maintain with a certain fidelity the principle of this school.2. He elected as his primary duty and happiness in his life the thinking activity about themoral problem.3. He did not accept aswell founded
19、 the charge made by some of his critics.2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义54. Most people select asfriends the people who resemble our kin.5.They have recruited to their team not only the celebrities but also the stakeholders of thismatter.四、插入语定义和作用：增加语言的多样性。任何成分都而已充当插入语。识别： ；,处理：删除 /再识别再处理万能插入语：Rather than:I am the
20、 bestteacher.I, rather than anyone else, am, rather than was, the best, rather than good, teacher,ratherthanthe cop.非简单句的语序障碍来源和解决：非简单句的分类：并列句：主从复合句：并列句语序障碍来源和解决：并列的识别和处理：找准并列连接词切开即可！例 1 The world breakseveryone, and afterward many arestrong at the broken places.这世界会打击每一个人。但经历过后，许多人会在受伤的地方变得坚强（句间的并列
21、）例 2.It is a little upsetting to read that a certain line and to find that the line consists of thenoise of their falling and the weights of the officers解析：并列成分为to read and to find 例 3.A andB , C and D.解析：并列连词表示并列的终结就意味着：例 4 .It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in
22、Californiaoptional.例 5.Failing hips can be replaced, clinicaldepression controlled, cataracts removed in a30-minute surgical procedure.例 6.TO seethe world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flowerHold infinityin the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hour.例 7 We all live in the gutter, but so
23、me are looking at stars.To contend or to content, this is the question.例 8.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, theirextended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义6the confidence that information will
24、be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable.例 9.Until these issuesare resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.主从复合句语序障碍的解决：主从复合句的分类：名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句（时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，方式，让步，条件，比较）常见
25、的从属连词：关系代词和关系连词关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as,what，关系连（副）词： that, when, where, how, as,while, assoon as,before, after, since , till, until ，because, since, every time, the minute=the moment=immediately=nosooner than= hardly when =scarcelywhen ， where ， wherever,anywhere,everywhere，, as,for ，
26、 now that 既然 , in that 因为 ,so that, such that, if,unless,as/so long as 只要 , only if 只要 , providing/provided that 假如 , supposingthat, in casethat, on condition that, though 用在句首 （虽然） 用在两个逗号或者破折号之间（但是）用在句尾（但是）, although, even if, even though，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while 用在句首（虽然）用在句中（但是）That 的用法：（1）定语从句中th
27、at是关系代词，作宾语时可以省略；(2) 其他从句中that 都是关系连词，任何时候都可以省略；Therat the cat thedogbit chasedescaped.定语从句语序障碍的解决：定语从句的识别：名词/句子 +连接词 +句子关系代词：定语从句的连接词：关系连（副）词：介词 +关系代词：定语从句的作用：1.修饰限定名词或者是句子；2.连接两个具有共同名词的句子；3.表示因果关系；2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义7前世：I have threebooks.The red of thosebook is my favorite.今生：I have threebooks of whi
28、ch the red is my favorite.前世：I love this girl who is pretty.今生：I love this girl.This girl is pretty.定语从句的处理方法：独立成句(对于不长的定语从句可以放到名词前)独立成句的步骤：Step1. 找准切分点（关系代词前，关系连词后，介词前）1) 关系连词 =End2) 关系代词或者介词+关系代词 =执行第二步Step2. 确定关系代词的的指代对象1）关系代词做主语= End2)做其他成分=执行 step3Step3.调整关系代词或(介词 +关系代词 )在定语从句中的位置=End例句：Eg1.A p
29、oem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off whichthey both fallinto the river.Eg2. Man is born asa blank sheetof paper on which eachculture writes its text.Eg3. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asianswhose economies
30、 the war haddestroyed.Eg 4. The sun risesthat looks beautiful.Eg5. The Congress objects three provisions of which the first is paralleled withthe federalprivilege.Eg6. As we all know, Kevin is handsome.Eg7.Kevin thinks that JPPis anold driver, as many believe.Eg8.Kevin does not think that JPPis an o
31、ld driver, asmany believe.Eg9. But surely that idea does not mean that environmentalistsconcerned about uncontrolledindustrial growth are anti-science, as an essayin US News & World Report last May seemed tosuggest.判断： Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.Eg10.McWhorter is not
32、arguing, asmany do, that we canno longer think straightbecausewe do nottalk proper.Many think logical thinking is not necessarilyrelatedto theway we talk.同位语从句：（其他从句）结构识别：名词+that+句子2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义8处理：从关系连词切开即可例子：I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of i
33、tscreed - wehold thesetruths to be self-evident, that all menare created equal.I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sonsofformer slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day, even the state of Mis
34、sissippi, a state sweltering with the heatof injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis offreedomand justice.I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not bejudged by the color of their skin but by the content of th
35、eir character.I havea dream today!From I Have a Dream MartinLutherKing特别备注：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，状语从句从连接词后切开即可：1.Your pity lies in that your defeat of your rival is defeated by the trend of time.2. That children can attain growth only with the guidance of the schooling oversimplifies.3. Ones first love is
36、always perfect /until onemeets ones secondlove.4. The trend of time has shown us that only those who can confront the challenge fearlessly cangain what they are determined to achieve.非正常语序之倒装句：倒装句的分析和处理方法例 1： Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activitykno
37、wn to geologists ashot spots.例 2 Adding to a woman s increased doseof stresschemicals are her increased“opportunities”forstress.例 3:All would be well ， were reasonthe only judge in the creationism andevolution deba强调句的分析方法1.强调句的构成It+ is（was）+被强调部分 +that(who)+ 其他部分2.强调句的处理方法去掉强调格式，还原被强调部分例 1：It was s
38、he, aBaltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, thefirst copies that included the namesof its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteencolonies.例 2： Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled2019 考研英语长难
39、句解密讲义9with the desire of businessmento maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize theirincomes, that together determine what shall be produced andhow resourcesare usedto produce it.例 3：Perhapsit is humankindslong suffering at the mercy of flood anddrought thatmakestheideaof forcing t
40、hewatersto do our bidding sofascinating.例子 4：It sthe delivery that causesthe audienceto smile.例子 5： It was not until in 1971 that hewas allowed to go back to his country.小结：考研英语句子的阅读实战分析法：备注： （面对长句的时候可以先从连接词处断开）一.确定主干：句子开头的第一个独立名词（之前没有介词或从属连词的名词）就是句子的主语。（代词就是名词），确定主语后寻找和其相匹配的动词。再根据动词性质确定剩余的主干部分。二.切分
41、成分：主干剩下的成分就只有：定语（从句）；状语（从句） ；同位语（从句） ；插入语；（这个时候面对比较短的成分可以完成第一次调序；）三.独立成句：1.从句 : 按定语从句的流程2.现在分词短语: 找到 ving 的动作发出者； （句子主语前面的某个名词，前面的句子）3.过去分词短语：找到ved 的动作承受者，加被动；4.独立主格结构：直接独立成句；（去掉 with ）5.动态名词（形容词） ：转译为中文的动词，其他词做相应变化；(面对独立成句后的各分句可以第二次调序)先次要，后主要；先过去，后现在；先原因，后结果；先虽然，后但是；经典例句：1.The fact that artisans, w
42、ho were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenthcentury, are frequentlyconsidered artists today is directlyattributable to the Arts and CraftsMovement of the nineteenth century.2.Anyone who hashandled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its moderncounterpar
43、t, the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier.1） Anyone who hashandled a fossilized bone knows that2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义102)fossilized bone is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart,3)the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier.3. The notion that learning
44、 should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greaterpart of the academic establishment merely silly.To the world, you arejust a little girl.To me , you are the whole world.learning should have anelement of inspired play in learning 寓教于乐4. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT sta
45、ff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-richindustries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on theboss sagendain businessesof every variety.1) information protection is now high on the boss sagendain businessesof every variety.Sth is now high on on
46、e sagenda.2) information protection is left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right3) informationprotection is seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking,telecoms and air travel,5.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is theco
47、untrysimpressive population growth.写作句型： Basic to any understanding of A is B.B is basic to any understanding of A.例句：Basic to any understanding of Chinese youngsters choice to be the civil servants arethe good salary,the stableposition and the generousbenefits.6.Among the firms making the biggest s
48、plash in the new worldis Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm basedin Austin, Texas.7.Among firms making the biggest splash in the is the company of tesla located in Palo AltoofCalifornia .8. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brough
49、tto the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly importantsocial science.1= The emphasison datagatheredfirst-hand强调收集一手数据2= a cross-cultural perspective brought/ to the analysis of cultures pastand present分析过去和现在的文化时，采用一种跨文化的视角3.这就使得这项研究成为了一门独特的并且是非常重要的社会科学。9.F
50、rom the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility,and a good deal more like a frighteningacceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2019 考研英语长难句解密讲义11