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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词性从句Noun ClauseI 本章要点1. 宾语从句2. 主语从句3. 表语从句4. 同位语从句II 名词性从句语法点分述一、宾语从句 1. 引导宾语从句的连接词a. that引导 (that可以省略) I know (that) most matter has three states（状态）. Attention宾语从句中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略1) 当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 I believe (that) you have done your best
2、 and that things will get better. 2) 当it作形式宾语时 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，将真正的宾语从句移至句末。结构公式：主语+consider/find/make/regard/think/+ it+宾补+ that +句子/ to do sth She made it clear to her parents that she would learn to deal with various problems. 小试身手1) 特朗普说得很清楚他想当总统。(make clear) 2) 我们理所当然的认为父母应该爱我们一
3、辈子。(take for granted) 3) consider, we, it, should, that, with, importance, all, of, great, we, theory, combine, practice （连词成句） b. whether / if引导1) 在whether or not 的固定搭配中，不能用if。 I dont know whether he will study abroad or not.2) 在介词后，只能用whether 和特殊疑问词，不能用if。 His father is concerned about whether he
4、will be kicked out of school. Attentionif或whether引导的宾语从句时，虽具有疑问意义，但从句语序应用陈述句语序。在考试中如果确定句子意思表示“是否”，则一定选择用whether。小试身手1) I wonder _ theres any need to spend so much money on the party.2) Some people believe _ a monkey person is sociable.3) She is worried about _ she can get promoted.4) Teacher told th
5、e students_ the sun_ (have) eight planets.2. 连接代词以及连接副词引导 结构公式：a. 连接代词：who/whom/ whose/which/what +陈述语序的句子 I dont know who whom you are talking about.b. 连接副词：where/why/when/how/how many等一切特殊疑问词+陈述语序的句子 I dont know why you are late.小试身手1) 只有小孩子知道自己在找什么。 2) Professor Nelson wanted to know _.A. when wo
6、uld the conference beginB. When the conference would beginC. when will the conference beginD. when the conference will begin3) Im not sure _.A. what is the assignment of tomorrowB. what the assignment for tomorrow isC. what will the assignment for tomorrow beD. what will be the assignment of tomorro
7、w3. 宾语从句连词总结连词说明例句that1. 宾语从句用连词that, that没有意义仅起连接作用。that 可以省略。I have serious reason to believe that the planet is the asteroid（小行星） known as B-612.who, whom, what, which2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which，在宾语从句中做主要成分。I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter.how, when, where3. 连接副词
8、 how, when, where在宾语从句中作次要成分。I dont know where he is.if或whetherif或whether在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作“是否”讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether。I do not know if (whether) he will come.4. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句除个别情况外，全部使用陈述句语序。1. I dont know whats the matter.2. I dont know whats wrong.3. I dont know whats on today.4. I dont kn
9、ow which is the way to the cinema.小试身手1) Do you know_A_?A. when the sports meeting will begin B. when the sports meeting beginsC. when the sports meeting begin D. when will begin the sports meeting 2) Will this sheep have to have a great deal of grass?Do you think (连接成宾语从句) 5. 宾语从句的时态主句宾语从句现在时或将来时时态
10、一般不受主句的时态影响过去时a. 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生；b. 从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前；c. 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后小试身手1) I dont know if we each have a destiny, or if were all just floating around accidentally, like on a breeze. 2) The scientist told the student that the sun _ round. (be)3) I believe that the f
11、riendship between us _ forever. (last)4) I knew that our team _ (win) the competition.5) Kate knows what John _ now. A. does B. will doC. has doneD. is doing6. 宾语从句否定转移主句主语人称否定前移例句反义疑问句第一人称YesI dont think the weather will be better tomorrow, will it?I dont believe he can finish the task in an hour,
12、can he?问从句第二，第三人称NoShe thought that film was not interesting, didnt she?You think you cant get up early, dont you?问主句小试身手1) We have to finish the work now.（反义疑问？_）2) You never told us why you were late for the meeting.（反义疑问？_）3) Nacy, sweep the classroom, _？ A. dont you B. do youC. will you D. doesn
13、t she4) -He didnt go to the lecture this morning, did he? - _. Tough he was not feeling very well. A. No, he didnt B. Yes, he did C. No, he did D. Yes, he didnt7. 宾语从句和动词不定式转换类似 I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do. what to do with; how to deal with固定词组用法。 I dont know what I should d
14、o with this messy situation. = I dont know what to do with this messy situation.小试身手宾语从句和不定式转换练习：1) I believe that he is an honest man. (保持原句意思)I believe _ to _ an honest man.2) He expected to be forgiven. (保持原句意思)He expected that he _ _ forgiven.3) He isnt in the office now, I think. (保持原句意思)I _ _
15、he _ in the office. 4) He will pass the exam. We think it possible. (合并为一句)We think _ _ he will pass the exam.2、 主语从句主语从句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。1. 主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词引导。a. that引导 That a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife is a truth universa
16、lly acknowledged.(用it改写) Attentionthat引导的主语从句出现在句首时，that不可省略。b. whether引导 Whether chewing gum helps prevent tooth decay is unknown to me. (用it改写) Attention用whether 引导主语从句，而不用if。c. 连接代词引导 所有值得做的事情都值得做好。 Attention连接代词引导，不能用it改写 Whoever leaves last turns off the light. d. 连接副词引导 doesnt matter. was a my
17、stery.Attention谓语动词一律用第三人称单数e. what引导 (相当于中文的“的字结构”)，主谓一致问题“看后” What we have is knowledge, but what we need are chances.小试身手1) 沙漠之所以美丽，是因为在它的某个角落隐藏着一口井。 2. 主语从句与形式主语it 常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构：结构具体情况中文1. It is + n./ adj. +that It is a pity/shame that. It is a surprise that It is a fact that It is common kno
18、wledge that Its certain that It is possible/likely that. It is obvious/clear that It is true that It is necessary important natural. that可惜的是令人吃惊的是事实是是常识肯定很可能很明显的确2. It +不及物动词+that It happened that. It occurred to me that It appears/seems that It turned out that 碰巧我突然想起似乎，好像原来3. It + be +过去分词+从句It i
19、s said that. It is known to all that. It is reported that. It is believed that. It is suggested that + (should)do. 据说 众所周知 据报道 据相信；人们相信 建议小试身手1) 纸是中国首先造出来的，这是事实。 2) 人类不可能受机器人的控制。 3) 我们以前似乎在哪儿见过。 4) 据报道，到目前为止，已经有91个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。 Attention1) 主语从句中that位于句首时不可省略；但是如果主语从句放在后面，that可以省略。 水能够被用来发电是事实。 2) 主语从
20、句放在前面只能用whether，而不能用if；但是如果主语从句放在后面，whether和if都可以使用。 他是否能安然无恙的回来还是个问题。 三、表语从句1. 表语从句的连接词a. That连接表语从句，既没有含义也不在从句中担任成分。 人生值得欣慰（solace）之处便是，每一天都有结束的时候。今天亦不例外。 b. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though 引导的表语从句，有含义，但在从句中不充当任何成分。 It seems as if the balloon is filled with helium（氦气）. c. because, why引导的表语从句，通常置于b
21、e动词之后的表语从句。 That is why global climate is becoming warmer and warmer. d. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。连接副词 where, when, how, why 这些连词都既有含义也充当一定的句子成分。 The most distant way in the world is not when I stand in front of you, you are not sure I love you. It is when my l
22、ove is bewildering（痴迷的） the soul, but I cant speak it out. e. 表语从句只用whether不用if表示“是否”。 问题是许多国家是否能够维护国家主权（state sovereignty）。 f. 当主语是reason时，表语从句的连接词用that。 我妈妈伤心的原因是丢了一个包，这个包里装了很多重要的文件。 四同位语从句1. 同位语从句的连接词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。a. that引导同位语从句主句中有些词义比较抽象的名词, 如belief, doubt, evidence, id
23、ea, fact, hope, possibility, thought等，可以用that引出的从句做同位语，叫做同位语从句，that不可以省略。That从句的内容即为这个名词的内容，that在从句中不充当成分。b. whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别a. 意义的不同: We are glad at the news that he will come. （news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句。 ） We are glad at the news that he told us. （that从
24、句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是他的news，故that从句为定语从句。 ）b. 引导词的功能上的不同：that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。 Today there is evidence that the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as those of the land. There is no doubt that Premier Wen Jiabao is an excellent
25、 leader. 五、名词性从句的注意事项1. 语序问题2. 连接词的选用问题a. that, whether, if, as if都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它们所引导的句子结构必须完整。that 一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的that可省略，而其他情况中的that一般不可省；而whether, if一般用于不确定的语句中。如： That he learnt English before is certain. 他学过英语是肯定的。 I dont know whether / if he will learn English. 我不知道他是否会学英语。 He looks as
26、 if he knows English. 看起来他好像知道英语。小试身手1) It seems a perpetual（永恒的）rule that flops（失败）are produced elatedly（兴高采烈的）and masterpieces painstakingly（辛苦的）. 2) This is where all dreams begin. 3) What we should care about is not where its headed but what we see and how we feel. I love you not for who you are
27、, but for who I am with you. 4) The news got around that the general manager would marry his secretary in the company.It still remains a mystery what he will assign for the class. 5) Happiness doesnt depend on who you are or what you have; it depends solely on what you think. 6) Please remember what
28、 you do now will decide your future directly. 7) What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we least expect generally happens. 8) You will never know what you will be. III Review一、选择题 (中考题型) ：1.Do you think _ an American film tomorrow?A. is thereB. theres going to beC. will there beD. theres going to ha
29、ve2.What do you think _ these young people so excited?A. makingB. to makeC. makesD. that makes3.-Where do you think _ he _ the computer?-Sorry, I have no idea.A. /; boughtB. has; boughtC. did; buyD. does; buy4.I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computer.A. that howB. how that
30、C. when thatD. that when5.I want to know _.A. what is his nameB. whats his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is6.- We never know _ the old man is.- That say he is a teacher.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. where7.Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang?A. what should we doB. we should do whatC. what w
31、e should doD. should we do what8.They were all pleased with _ them.A. what you saidB. what did you say toC. what you spokeD. what you had told9.Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom doB. what did Tom doC. what Tom will doD. what Tom did10.- I dont know _. Could you show me
32、the way?- Certainly.A. where the post office isB. where is the post officeC. where I can get to the post officeD. how can I get to the post office11.I dont remember where _ in the city when he was young.A. did he workB. he workedC. he had workedD. he has worked12.They asked me _ during the May Day h
33、olidays.A. where had I goneB. where I had beenC. where had I beenD. where I had gone13.Can you tell me _? Im his old friend.A. where does Jim liveB. when will Jim come backC. where Jim has goneD. how is Jim14.-Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4:00.A. howB. w
34、henC. whereD. what15.- Do you know _?- Next year.A. when he came hereB. when did he come hereC. when he will comeD. when will he come here16.- Do you know _?-They moved here soon after their son was born.A. when would the Green move hereB. when the Greens moved hereC. the Greens would moved hereD. w
35、hen the Greens would move here17.Could you tell me _?A. when will Tom come backB. when does Tom come backC. when Tom will come backD. when Tom comes back18.- I really want to know _ Li Lei is.- It is said that he is much better these days.A. whatB. howC. whereD. who19.- Do you know _?- Yes, I do. Sh
36、e came here on foot.A. where Kate came fromB. how Kate came hereC. when Kate comes hereD. why Kate didnt come here20.Could you tell me _ the bike without any help this morning?A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mendedD. how did he mend二、按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1.The girl wondered where she would meet her friends the next morning. (改为简单句) The girl wondered_ _meet her friends the next morning.2. John asked, “Can you look after my pet dog while Im away?” (合成宾语从句) John asked _I _look after his pet dog while he was away.3.English isnt difficult to learn. I think so. (合并为一句)I _