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1、专题九专题九非谓语动词非谓语动词语法系统梳理一二三非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语,不受主语人称和数的限制,在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词形式有:动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。一、动词不定式动词不定式在句中可以做除谓语以外的一切成分:主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、表语、定语和状语。1.做主语动词不定式做主语时,往往用it做形式主语,而把真正的主语置于句末。常用句式:It is (not)+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.。To swim in the river is dangerous.=Its dangerous to swim in the
2、river.在河里游泳是危险的。语法系统梳理一二三2.做表语往往置于连系动词be,seem等之后。Today my job is to look after my sister.我今天的工作是照看我的妹妹。3.做宾语常见的后面接不定式做宾语的动词有:agree,begin,start,decide,expect,learn,like,manage,pretend,want,try,wish,forget,remember,help等。Dont forget to close the door.别忘了关门。4.做定语动词不定式做定语时,要置于被说明和修饰的名词之后。Please give me
3、something to drink.请给我一些喝的东西。语法系统梳理一二三5.做状语。表明目的、结果或原因等。My little sister is too young to go to school.我的小妹太小而不能上学。(结果状语)He went to the shop to buy a bike.他去商店买了一辆自行车。(目的状语)语法系统梳理一二三6.做宾语补足语。常接不定式做宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,warn,wish,would like,order,use,invite,get,allow,expect,encourage,hate等。但在使役动词(mak
4、e,let,have)和感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice,feel等)后,要把做宾语补足语的不定式结构中的to省略。I expect you to write to me.我盼望你给我来信。I asked him to show me his new dictionary.我请求他给我看看他的新词典。不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,why,when,how,where等连用,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构,通常用于下列动词(词组)之后:tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,find out,ask,understand 等。语法系统
5、梳理一二三When to go there hasnt been decided yet.什么时候去那儿还没定下来。(做主语)Can you tell me where to exchange the money?你能告诉我哪里能换钱吗?(做宾语)The problem is how to inform her of the news.问题是该怎么把这个消息通知她。(做表语)语法系统梳理一二三7.其他用法enough.to.足够去做He is not careful enough to correct all the mistakes.他不够认真,不能把所有的错误改正过来。prefer to
6、do.rather than do.与相比更喜欢He prefers to go travelling rather than stay at home in his holiday.他假期更喜欢出去旅行而不是待在家里。had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事Youd better stay here until the storm stopped.你最好待在这里,直到暴风雪停止。语法系统梳理一二三二、动词-ing形式(新课程标准语法五级虽对此不做要求,但常以辅助理解和词语搭配的形式,在中考中考查)动词-ing形式既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质,可做主语、表语、宾语或定
7、语。1.做主语Eating too much junk food is bad for our health.吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。温馨提示动词-ing形式和动词不定式做主语,在许多情况下可以通用,但动词-ing形式做主语多表示抽象或多次的行为,不定式做主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2.做表语My mothers job is cooking meals.我母亲的工作是做饭。语法系统梳理一二三3.做宾语I dont mind your smoking here.我不介意你在这儿吸烟。4.做定语,表明它所修饰的词的用途Lets join the singing group.让我们加
8、入合唱队吧。a working method工作方法5.其后常接动词-ing形式的动词及动词词组有finish,enjoy,practice, mind,keep,consider,miss,avoid(避免),suggest,admit,be worth,have fun(in)/have difficulty (in)/problem (in)/trouble (in),cant help等。其后既可以接动词-ing形式,也可接动词不定式的动词有 love, like,prefer,begin,start,continue,remember,try,stop,forget,hate,go
9、on等。语法系统梳理一二三三、过去分词(新课程标准语法五级虽对此不做要求,但常以辅助理解和词语搭配的形式,在中考中考查)过去分词在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。1.做定语过去分词做定语,分词与被修饰的词之间存在动宾关系。Im reading a book written by Mo Yan.我正在读莫言写的一本书。2.做表语过去分词做表语,主语多是人,强调的是主语的一种心理感受。I feel relaxed after exams.考试后我感到放松。语法系统梳理一二三3.做宾语补足语过去分词做宾语补足语,宾语与分词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。I have never
10、 heard this song sung in English.我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过。4.做状语过去分词做状语,主语与过去分词之间存在动宾关系。Watered once a day,the trees will grow very well.如果每天浇一次水,这些树会长得很好。5.动词-ing形式与过去分词的区别动词-ing形式表示主动,过去分词表示被动。The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗边的人是我们的老师。The building built last year has become our lab.去年建的这座楼已成了我们的实验室。