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1、Chapter 2 formation of medical terminology (1)here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesprefixmeaningexamplea-/an-without; notaphasia feizi: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症ab-away fromabortion bn: expulsion kspln fromthe uterus jutrs（子宫）流产ad-to
2、; toward; nearadnasal dneizl: near the nose 近鼻的acro-a point or tipacronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲alb-whitealbino lbinu: a person lacking normal pigmentation（色素沉着，着色） pimntein 白化病人,白化体amb-/ambi-bothambisexual mbiseksjul、bisexual baiseksjul: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famal
3、es 两性的,雌雄同体的两性兼有行为amphi-/ampho-both; both sides amphicentric mfisentrik: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的ana-up; back againanabolism nblizm: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢，组成代谢angio-a blood vessel angioma ndium: benign tumor formed of
4、 blood vessel血管瘤ante-beforeantenatal ntineitl: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，产前的anti-againstantidepressant ntidipresnt: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂audi-hearing; soundaudiometry dimitri: science of testing hearing听力测验法，测听法auto-selfautoantibody tuntibdi: antibody for
5、med to attack the bodys own cells自身抗体 bi-two; twicebicellular baiseljul: two cells两细胞的bio-living organisms生命体biochemistry baiukemistri: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady- slowbradycardia brdikdi: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓，心搏徐缓carcin-carcinoma ksinum or cancer癌；瘤c
6、arcinogen ksinden: a cancer-causing substance致癌物，致癌原cata-downwards; under; against; along withcataract ktrkt: condition where the lens （晶状体）of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque （不透明的，不透光的）upeik白内障centi-one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米co(
7、n)-with or together consanguineous knswinis: blood relationship血亲的，同血缘的contra-againstcontraception kntrsepn: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕，节育de-removal or lossdecaffeinated /dikfnetd/: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的deca-tendecagram dekrm: ten grams 十克deci-tenthdecil
8、iter desilit: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升di-twodiglossia dailsi: a double tongue使用两种语言dia-through; between; apart; acrossdiathermy daimi: process of (treating) through heat透热疗法，,电热疗法,透热法dis-reversal or separate disintegrate disintigreit: to come to pieces分解，分解，蜕变dys-b
9、ad; difficult; disordereddysarthrosis disrusis: deformity difmiti（变形，畸形）or malformation mlfmein（变形，畸形）of a joint关节变形，构音障碍echo-soundechocardiography ekukdirfi: ultrasonography ltrsnrfi（超声波检查法,超声波扫描术）of the heart超声心动描记术ect-/ecto-outside or outerecchondroma ekndrum: benign tumor on the surface of carti
10、lage（软骨） ktilid or bone外生软骨瘤en-in; withinenostosis enstusis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣endo-insideendocardium endukdim: membrane which lines the heart心内膜epi-on; overepidermis: outer layer of skin表皮ery-rederythrocyte irirusait: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞，红血球eso-inward; within(向内)esot
11、ropia esutrupi: turning inward of the eye内斜视eu-good eugenics judeniks: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学ex-/ exo-out of exhale ekshel: to breath out 呼出，排放extra-outsideextracapsular ekstrkpsjul: outside a capsule kpsjul（胶囊，囊，被膜）关节囊外的，囊外的hemi-halfhemiplegia hemiplidi: seve
12、re paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身不遂hydro-waterhydrocele haidrsil: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum（肾囊,阴囊）skrutm 水囊肿,阴囊水囊肿,睾丸鞘膜积液hyper-higher or too muchhyperglycaemia hpglsim: excess of glucose lukus(葡萄糖) in the blood高血糖症hypo-less or too littlehypokal
13、aemia haipkli:mi: deficiency of potassium（钾） ptsjm in the blood 低血钾in-in or into inbreedinginbri:di: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配in-notincoherentinkuhirnt: not able to speak in a way which makes sense 不连贯的infra-below or beneathinfrapatellarinfrptel: below or beneath the pa
14、tellaptel( 膝盖骨; 膝节; 髌骨)髌下的inter-between interlobularintlbjul: between lobules(小叶的) lbjul /lb-小叶间的intra-insideintramedullaryintrmedlri: inside the bone marrowmru（髓） or spinal cord（脊髓） 髓内的itro-intointrovert intruv:t: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state内向性格者mal-bad or abnormal
15、malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机能障碍，机能不良meta-changesmetaplasia metpleizj: change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形micro-very smallmicrocyte maikrsait: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞mid-middlemidcarpal middpl: between the two rows of carpal（腕骨的，腕骨） k:pl bones腕骨间的milli-one thousandthm
16、illigram mlgrm: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis-error or wrongmiscarriage miskrid: spontaneous abortion流产multi-manymultigravida mltigrvid: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct-at nightnocturia nktjuri: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep
17、 in bed at night夜尿症nona-nine or the ninethnonagon nnn: flat shape which has nine sides九边形octa-eightoctan ktn: every eight days每八日出现的发热,每八日再发的odont-teethodontology dntldi: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders牙科学onco-tumoursoncology kldi: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学oro-m
18、outhorolingual ruliwl: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口舌的pachy-thickeningpachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚pali-/palin-against; pathologic repetition病态的重复palindromic plindrmik: (disease) which recurs复发的，再发的pan-/pant-/panto-allpancytopenia pnsaitupini:
19、 abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blood全血细胞减少症para-similar to or near; changed or beyondparalyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪pen-/penta-fivepentosuria pentusjuri: excretionekskri:n（排泄） of pentoses（戊糖(类),五碳糖(类)）in the urine戊糖尿per-throughp
20、ercutaneouspkju()teinjs: done or administered through the skin经皮的peri-around pericystitisperisistaitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎pero-deformed or defective畸形有缺陷的peromeliapirumili: congenital deformity of the limbs四肢不全pharmaco-drugspharmacologyfmkldi: study of drugs or medicines,
21、and their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学pleo-/pleio-too manypleokaryocytepli()krisait: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal（脑脊髓的）seribruspainl fluid多核细胞pluri-morepluriglandularplurilndjul: pertaining to or affecting several glands多腺性的pneum-/pneunmo-ai
22、r or the lungs; breathingpneumonianju:munj: inflammation of a lung肺炎poly-touching many organspolyphagiaplifeidi: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 贪食症，杂食post-after or laterpostprandialpustprndil: after a meal 餐后的pre-before of in front of premature: early o
23、r before the normal time 早产儿,早期的presby-old agepresbyopia.prezbiupi: an old persons sight fails gradually老花眼，远视眼pro-/supin-/pron-before or in front of lying on the backbend forwardprognosisprgnusis: prediction of the outcome of a disease预测；预后quadri-/quint-fourfive/fifthquadrupletkwdruplit or quad: on
24、e of four babies born to a mother at the same time四胎儿,四联体radio-ray or radiationradiotherapyreidiuerpi: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive（放射性的）reidiuktiv 放射线疗法，放射疗法semi-half semiptosissemiptusis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂sub-undersubmucoussbm
25、juks: under the mucous mjuks（粘液的） membrane粘膜下的super-above; extremelysuperalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin（白蛋白，清蛋白） lbjumin白蛋白过多syn-with; jointsyndesmosis sindezmusis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments（韧带） lgmnt 韧带联合，韧带连结supra-above; oversuprarenal su:pri:nl: (situated) ab
26、ove a kidney 肾上腺，肾上的tachy-fasttachycardia .tkik:di: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速tetra-fourtetracycline .tetrsaiklin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial（细菌的，细菌引起的） bktiril diseases 四环素trans-across; through; beyondtransmission trnzmin: the transfer, as of a disease, from one person t
27、o another 传播，传递tri-threetricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎ultra-beyond; excessultrasonics ltrsniks: the science dealing with ultrasonic（超声波的） ltrsnik sound waves 超声波学，超声学uni-oneuniglandular junilndjul: affecting only one gland 单腺的xen(o)-strange; foreignxenograft zenrft: a graft of tissue tra
28、nsplant between animals of different species 异种移植物，异种移植Chapter 3 formation of medical terminology (2)Here is a list of commonly used simple suffixes.suffixmeaningexample-acpertaining to 属于，附属，关于cardiac: kdik pertaining to the heart心脏（病）的-alpertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining t
29、o molecularmulekjul: pertaining to a molecule 分子的-arypertaining to belonging to ciliarysiliri: pertaining to the ciliasili（纤毛，睫毛）睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-aseenzyme enzaim酶amylasemileis: any enzyme that converts starch stt（淀粉）to sugar 淀粉酶-clesmallness小,少,贫乏follicleflikl: a small bodily cavity or sacsk（囊）小囊,滤泡，卵泡-
30、ean instrument 仪器auriscoperiskup: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-ealpertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynxlriks（喉头）喉的-iacondition; quality phobiafubj: abnormal fear 恐惧症-icpertaining to toxictksik: pertaining to toxintksin（毒素）有毒的，毒物的，毒素的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepaedia
31、tricspdtrks: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学-ine/insubstance 物质insulininsjulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets（小岛） of langerhans（胰岛） in the pancreaspkris（胰腺） 胰岛素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who
32、specializes in 精通于的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家-itisinflammation refers to a part in部位的炎症 rhinitisrainaitis: inflammation of the nasalneizl（鼻的） passages（通道）鼻炎，鼻粘膜的炎症-(i)umrelation to a whole; related to 与相关endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜-ivecharacter
33、izes by antitussiventitsiv: a drug that suppresses（镇压, 平定） coughing止咳药，镇咳药，止咳的-lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an actiondevelopment: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature-oidresembling; like像mucoidmjukid: resembling mucus（粘液）粘液的，粘液样的
34、；粘蛋白样的；类粘蛋白-olelittle; smallcentriole sentriul: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome sentrsum（中心体）中心粒-omatumor; swelling refers to a doerdermatofibroma dmtufaibrum: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤-or/-ereither a person or thingreceptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to var
35、ious stimuli感受器，受体-orycharacterized by; pertaining to suspensory sspensri: which is hanging down悬吊式，悬带-osesugarfructose frktus: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal condition onychocryptosis nikukriptusis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ouspertaining to poisonous pizns:
36、 pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，毒的-somesbodiesribosome: the body of nucleic acid（核酸.） 核糖体-umstructure; thing; substance结构，物质magnesium mgni:zjm: a white metallic（金属的）chemical substance 镁（金属元素）-ycondition; act; processdystrophy distrfi: disorder causedg bydefective nutrition or metab
37、olism（新陈代谢） 营养不良,营养障碍the following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixessuffixmeaning example-algiapain; painful; conditionarthralgia rldi: pain in a joint 关节痛-aseenzyme enzaim 酶素 protease prutieis: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo embriu胚，胚胎，胎儿hemocytoblast himsaitblst: blast cell成血
38、细胞,淋巴样细胞-carcinomamalignant mlinnt tumor developing from connective tissue结缔组织的恶性肿瘤adenocarcinoma dinuksinum: malignant tumor developing from glandular lndjul（腺的，腺性的） tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus i()sfgs（食道,食管） 食管突出-centesissurgical p
39、uncture 手术穿孔paracentesis prsentisis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia kpni: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide dmisaid: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clastcellphagocyte fgusait:cell, especially a white blood cell,
40、which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dyniapainglossodynia glsudini: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasisexpansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis tilektsis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张,肺膨胀不全-ectomysurgical excision or removal of gastrectomy gstrektmi: surgical removal of
41、the stomach胃切除术-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿myxoedema miksidim: condition caused when the thyroid airid gland （甲状腺）does not produce enough thyroid hormone（甲状腺激素） 粘液性水肿，粘液水肿-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes| ljuksa
42、t （白细胞）form in the blood 白血病-emesisvomiting 呕吐hematemesis hemtemisis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced or prouducespathogen: a microorganism(微生物) maikrugnizm or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体-genesisproduction 生产spermatogenesis spmtudenisis: formation and development of spermatozoa spmtuzu （精子）in the testes精子发生-globinprotein蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes（红细胞） 血红素-gnosisknowledgediagnosisdaignusis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination 诊断-gramimage; pictu