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1、英语单词发音规则详解遇见一个没有音标的生词根据这个规则就能正确地把这个词读出来音节的核心是元音,由一个或几个元音字母来担任,少数辅音字母,如l、m、n也可构成非重读音节,一个音节里可以只有一个元音字母,而没有其它的字母,如I、a。元音字母的前面或后面可以有一个或两个辅音字母,或前后都有辅音字母,如We、She、at、ask、box、them、desk。基本规则与注音方法音节符号说明: 一个辅音字母 一个元音字母 一个或几个辅音字母 括号中为可选项,即可以没有 1.元音字母在开音节中读“长音”。绝对开音节:以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。该元音字母读它在字母表中的音(名称音),即所谓的“长音”。必
2、要时,在上面划一横注音。如me、no、hi、sky、stdent。相对开音节e:一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(r除外)再加一个不发音的字母e,如: name, these, bike, note, tube2. 元音字母在闭音节中读短音。闭音节: 是指一个元音字母加辅音字母(r除外)结尾的音节。该元音字母读它的“短音”。必要时,在上面划一斜点注音。如 at, not, with, catch , stdy通常都说重读闭音节,那应该有非重读闭音节的吧。有没有重读开音节呢。这个重读是音标标注的那个吗?其实,开音节、闭音节都是重读音节。没有非重读开、闭音节。说重读闭音节,其实这个“重读”是非限制性定语
3、。就象说我那白发苍苍的老母亲一样,并不是说我还有另一个年青的母亲。一个单词一般只有一个重读音节。其它的都为非重读音节。轻音节中的元音字母不是发就是发.记住:重音要准,轻音要滚。stdy,和stdent都是两个音节。注音只注重读音节中的元音字母。怎么知道这个音节是不是重读呢? 1. 单音节词都是重读音节2. .双音节词通常是第一个音节重读(前缀不重读)3. .多音节词在倒数第三个音节上重读 注意类似以下的变音的发音,如词汇sp-ort,sch-ool,st-and,等词,发音时相应的变成等.Spaces Sport Speak Student steady.稳定的,稳固的stock股票skirt
4、.裙子 skeeter蚊子skull头脑,头骨当单词的前面是a,be ,de,re,mis,ex,dis,com等时,它的重音一般是在第二个音节上。如.你自己查。 注:英语的发音大多数是规则的,只有少数不规则现象,我整理的不全,事实掌握这种方法后,即使没有英标,也可以正确的读出单词。一、 元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音 例 词 编 号a 在开音节中name plane Jane baby cake1-01 在闭音节中bag dad hat map black back1-02e 在开音节中he these me Chinese1-03在闭音节中bed let pen desk yes
5、 egg 1-04i 在开音节中bike fly drive time nice kite1-05在闭音节中fish big drink sit milk swim1-06o 在开音节中those close go hoe home no1-07在闭音节中clock not box shop sock1-08u 在开音节中student excuse duty Tuesday1-09在闭音节中bus cup jump much lunch1-10在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读音,例如:June blue ruler super1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音
6、字母读 音 例 词 编 号a China another woman breakfast2-01orange comrade village cabbage 2-02e hundred student open weekend 2-03chicken pocket begin children 2-04i /holiday beautiful family animal 2-05exercise satellite2-06o second tonight somebody welcome2-07also zero photo2-08u autumn difficult 2-09popular
7、congratulation January2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读音,例如:operate2-11u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读音,例如:July influence February issue 2-12在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作音,也可以读作音。三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读 音 例 词 编 号a在音后面 want what watch wash quality3-01a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fat
8、her3-02i在-nd -ld和gh前 find child light high3-03o在-st -ld前 most postcard old cold3-04o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音 例 词 编 号arar在音后面 car farm dark sharpener4-01warm quarter towards4-02oror在音后面 forty morning short4-03word worker worse4-04er ir ur certainly bird Thursda
9、y4-05辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry4-06-r音节在非重读音节中通常读音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday4-07五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音 例 词 编 号are care dare hare5-01ere here mere5-02ire fire hire wire 5-03ore more score before5-04ure pure cure5-05完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在
10、非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读音,例如:picture pleasure非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发音,例如:salary5-06重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring 5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph 5-08六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音 例 词 编 号ai/ay afraid rain wait day play6-01air air hair cha
11、ir pair repair 6-02alal在f m前 small ball talk wall all 6-03always also salt almost6-04half calm6-05au/aw autumn daughter draw6-06ea teach easy cheap please6-07 heavy bread sweater weather6-08break great 6-09 ear hear dear near clear year 6-10bear pear wear swear 6-11earth learn early 6-12ee jeep week
12、 green three6-13eer pioneer deer beer6-14ei/ey eight neighbour they6-15 eu/ew在j l r s后 new few newspaper6-16flew brew jewelry 6-17ie/音后拼写为ei piece field receive seize 6-18oa coat Joan boat goal6-19 oar/oor roar board door floor 6-20oi/oy noise point boy toilet6-21oo broom food tooth school6-22book l
13、ook cook foot good6-23ou/ow flower house count down6-24know row throw though 6-25young country enough6-26group you soup 6-27our course your four 6-28our hour ours 6-29journey 6-30ui在j l r s后 fluid suicide tuition 6-31juice fruit suit 6-32第二章:地道美国味速成最能体现“美国味”的发音都集中在下面的句子中。其实做到很容易,只要你在练习的时候,尽量夸张(overd
14、o, exaggerate)你的发音和口型,尽量放纵,尽量发泄,尽量慢,尽量拉长你的元音,并一口气读完整个句子。第一、 我们来看,俗称“疯狂90度咧嘴”音。21. That black lad年轻人;少年was very sad because his dad had died in a bad accident in the factory.九个“疯狂90度咧嘴”音那个黑人少年极为忧伤,因为他爸爸在工厂的一起严重意外事故中丧身了。22. You shouldnt have done that.你不应该做那件事的实际上你做了。大家一起来数一数,看看下面的对话中出现了多少个(疯狂90度咧嘴音)2
15、3. A: Whats thematter, Alice? You look sounhappy.爱丽丝,你怎么了?看来你很不高兴。B: Ihadabadday yesterday.我昨天倒霉了。A: Whathappened?出什么事了?B: I went shoppingandlost mybag.我昨天去买东西,把包给丢了。A: Yourbag? Did you get itback?你把包丢了?找回来没有?B: I went backfor it. But it was already gone.我回去找了,包已经丢了。A: Thatstoo bad. Im sorry to hear
16、 that.真不走运,事真叫人遗憾。答案一共出现了13次“疯狂90度咧嘴”音,可以充分练习国际肌肉!设法尽早把你的中国肌肉变成国际肌肉( turn your Chinese muscle into international muscle ).第二、我们来看,俗称穿针引线。24. Do you see the key on the seat?你看见座位上的钥匙了吗?三次穿针引线,也就是三次长元音。第三、,俗称爱的大嘴音。25. Its inside my mouth.在我的嘴里。26. Would you mind * a little less noise?请您轻点儿,好吗?27. How
17、nice of you to do that?你这样做真是太好了!28. He speaks very highly of you. 他对你赞不绝口。29. Id drive five miles on Friday night to see a fight that I like.星期五晚上我要驱车五英里去观看我喜欢的拳击赛。第四、下面是一个,典型的美国特有的大嘴发音。元音字母O在重读闭音节中,美音和英音有不同的发音。这是英美发音重大差别之一。这个音我们俗称为“啊,祖国的大好河山”疯狂感叹音。30. Do what you want.做你想做的。31. Where is the watch
18、I put in my pocket to take to the shop because it had stopped?因为停止了走动而放在我的口袋里要拿到店里去修的那块表在什么地方?32. I wassorryto hear your had news.听到你的坏消息我很难过。33. Do you oftenwatchtelevision?你经常看电视吗?34. Illwatchthe baby while youre away.你们不在时我来照看孩子。35. I knowwhatyou mean.我明白你的意思。36. Try to finish the job as soon asp
19、ossible.设法尽早完成这项工作。37. Ivegota job for you, washthese dishes.我有点活给你做,把这些碟子给洗了。38. Thank god youre safe!谢天谢地,你平安无事。39. You go first and Ill follow (you) later.你先走,我接着就来。40. Its a very popular song.那是一首非常流行的歌曲。第五、,俗称舀水动作。41. Hes one of my closest friends.他是我最亲密的朋友之一。42. Were hoping to visit the US thi
20、s year.我们希望今年能到美国访问。43. After this dry weather, everyone hopes for rain.在这样干燥的天气之后,备家都希望能下雨。44. The White House is the home of the President and his family.白宫是总统和他家庭的住处。45. When his wife died, he was very lonely.妻子去世后,他很孤独。46. Let me show you the photographs from my vacation.让我给你看一看我假期里拍的照片。第六、,俗称啊噢
21、鬼哭狼嚎大嘴音。47. Get out of my house now.马上从我的房子里滚出去。48. How about going downtown now?现在去市中心,好吗?49. Im so proud of you.我深深为你而骄傲。50. No doubt about it.毫无疑问。第七、,俗称大小奥一音。51. I was annoyed at the boy for spoiling the toy which belonged to Joy.这个男孩使我很生气,他糟蹋了乔伊的玩具 第三章:中国发音习惯大突破下面我们来疯狂攻击辅音。因为中国各种方言影响根深蒂固,使得我们很多
22、朋友有着顽固的发音障碍。和52. I like listening to classical and light music.我喜欢听古典音乐和轻音乐。53. Its nice moonlight tonight.今夜月色迷人。和54. Foreign languages are really difficult to learn.外语很难学。55. We are terribly sorry for being late.非常抱歉我们来晚了。和可以用汉字师傅尸体诗歌潮湿失恋来代替。*English *fish *wash *foolish56. You are foolish to say
23、so. =It is foolish to say so.你这样说是愚蠢的。57. You must be patient with your students.你对学生必须有耐心。可以用日来帮助发音。*pleasure *measure *treasure *usual *leisure58. She spends much of her leisure time watching TV.她花了多少空闲时间看电视。59. Reading gives me great pleasure.读书带给我很大的乐趣。和可以用汉字气来训练。*China *chair *chance *challenge
24、 *choice *charge60. I changed my mind.我改变了主意。61. He charged five dollars for the cups.这些杯子他索价五元。可以用汉字“举”来训练。但是只发前半部分,轻轻地,温柔地发。*bridge *change *encourage *age *edge *manage62. My uncle manages a hotel.我的叔叔经营那家旅馆。63. She looks old for her age.她看起来比她的年龄老得多。和可以用“雌”来帮助发音。*coats *roots *its *plates *lets可
25、以用“儿子”“滋润”“姿色”“艾滋病”来帮助发音。*foods *beds *birds *buds,和是闭嘴音。64. To speak English well, you must move your mouth and murmur to yourself all the time.如果想要说好英语,你必须开口,并时刻自言自语。开嘴应答音。65. It will be fun to go camping.去露营会很好玩。开嘴撒娇音,气流要向鼻腔和头部上冲,舌身后缩。Thank you.谢谢!66. Everything is going fine.万事如意。67. Nothing spe
26、cial!没什么特别的。68. She looks angry.她面有怒色。最后我们来攻击美国发音的另外一个最大特点:疯狂卷舌头。69. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.只要有一点值得做的事情就值得好好做。70. World War Two was worse than World War One.二战比一战更残酷。71. Chinese people had a hard time during the Second World War.中国人民在二战中历尽磨难。第四章:综合训练我们有一系列简易行的手势(gesture s
27、ign),使你迅速掌握美国英语发音的秘诀,迅速摆脱中国式英语的痕迹。下面是综合训练,请同学们拿出你的激情和我们一起疯狂的做手势。 72. No pain, no gain.不劳而获。73. We should keep our promise.我们应该遵守诺言。74. He should speak more slowly.他应该说的更慢。75. Girls should not stay out late at night. 女孩子晚间外出不可太晚回家。76. Ive really enjoyed talking to you about old time.我很高兴与话旧。77. You s
28、hould have gone to see the doctor earlier.你早就该去看医生了。78. I had a test this morning. I didnt do well on the test because I didnt study for it last night. I should/would/could have studied last night.今天早晨我去考试了。考得不好,因为昨晚我没复习。昨晚我要是复习就了。79. We went to the movie, but it was a bad movie. We wasted our time
29、and money. We should not have gone to the movie.我们去看电影了,但影片很差。我们浪费了时间和金钱。早知道就不去了。“should not + 过去分词”表示“过去应该做但没有做”80. I have been looking forward to you.我一直希望能认识你。81. I have been hoping to see you for a long time.我很久以来一直希望见到你。82. A: What are you planning to do?你打算做些什么?B: Im hoping to go to China.我希望去
30、中国。第五章:健康减肥下面和我一起来摸肚子,收小腹,促进健康又减肥!*city(城市) *better(更好) *dinner(正餐,晚餐)*ready(准备好) *busy(忙) *beautiful(美丽的)*begin(开始) *believe(相信) *black(黑色的)*civilization(文明) *clever(聪明的) *develop(发展)*different(不同的) *efficient(有效的) *finish(完成)*football(橄榄球) *gesture(手势) *headmaster(校长)*illegal (不合法的) *jump(跳跃) *kno
31、wledge(知识)*lipstick(口红) *medicine(药) *minute(分钟)*nonsense(胡说八道) *pleasure(愉快) *quality(质量)*relationship(私人关系) *relax(放松) *something(某事)*step by step(渐渐的) *terrible(可怕的) *trust(信任)*understand(理解) *visit(参观访问) *welcome(欢迎)*a zigzag path(蜿蜒的小径) *yesterday(昨天)83. Business is business.公事公办/公是公私是私。84. It
32、is your business to take care of them.照顾他们乃是你的责任85. He went into business at the age of ten.他十岁进入商界。86. He went to Japan on business.他因公去日本。第六章:绕口令绕口令(tongue twister)可以帮助大家集中轰炸难点发音,迅速获得发音真谛!87. She sells sea *s on the shining seashore, and *s she sells on the seashore are sea*s I am sure.连读的条件:相邻的两词
33、在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重,也不可音。(连读符号:)(1)“辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。ImanEnglish boy.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday.I calledyou halfanhourago.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup. (2)“r/re
34、+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。Theyre my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you. Hereare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister? 但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词
35、以元音开头,也不能连读。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读) (3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyou likea cupof tea?Couldyou help me, please?“音的同化”常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/,did you听上成了/dIdVu/,would you成了
36、/wudVu/,could you成了/kudVu/。 (4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She cant carryit.Itll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer. (5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意
37、群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)Thereisa good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)Can you speakEnglish or French? (English与or之间不可以连读) Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读)She opened the door and walkedin. (door与and之间不可以连读)失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b
38、/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This i
39、s an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day.You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (
40、2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。 6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now
41、.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? Its a very col(d) day, but its a
42、 goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.Goo(d) morning, dear.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) ther
43、e alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao 第一章 字母与字组的区别和联系传统的英语拼读规则使用字母和字母组合来描述单词的拼写形式。如果我们把字母和字母组合统称为字组,把字组确定为拼写的基本单位,这不仅会使我们的教学语言更简洁,还可以更清晰地凸现拼写和读音之间的对应关系。 这是因为,字母是英语单词的最小拼写单位,音素是语言中最小的发音单
44、位。字母分为元音字母和辅音字母两种。英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不都存在着对应关系。有时一个字母对应一个音素,有时两个或三个字母对应一个音素。 而字组指的是一个或几个字母在一起,发一个音素,是单词读音音素对应的拼写单位。因为一个字组总是对应着一个音素,所以它能很好地体现出单词的拼写和读音之间的对应关系。字组分为元字组和辅字组两类,元字组是元音字母和元音字母组合的合称;辅字组是辅音字母和辅音字母组合的合称。 英语学习中引进字组概念有以下几个优势: 首先,字母数量少(26个),字组数量多(73个),但在同一个单词中,字组数少于或等于字母数,以字组为单位记忆单词可以减轻学习者的负担。如
45、chick 一词,字组数是三个 ch-i-ck , 字母数是五个 c-h-i-c-k , 记忆三个字组总比记忆五个字母要容易。 其次,字母不能很好地体现英语单词“音形一体”的特点,只有引入“字组”这一概念才能使单词的“音”与“形”统一起来。如 chick 一词,如果把chick拆分开来看 c-h-i-c-k ,我们并不知道每个字母发什么音,只有把 ch 、 i 、 ck 看成字组,以字组为单位来看待这个词,才能看出词形与读音之间的对应关系, ch-i-ck 分别对应、和k音。三个字组对应三个音素的记忆方式,比排列组合式地记忆五个字母要容易得多。 英语是一种拼音文字,如果不认真总结单词里每个字组的读音规律,不把单词的拼写形式与其读音联系在一起,不在单词的拼写形式和读音之间建立一种对应关系,那么,英语单词就要从三个方面来记忆:记词形、记词音、记词义。 而掌握一定的拼读规律,可以把三个方面记忆变为两个方面。把英语单词的拼写和读音做为一个整体来掌握,