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1、英语学案之完形填空专项讲解及练习PART ONE做完形填空10个注意点1. 精读第一句完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。它是了解全文大意的基石，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。 这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：（1）Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。（2）.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，
2、起到限定段落基调的作用。 知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向2.通读全篇，识别文体，明确大意 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。通读全篇，有助于理清文章主线和上下文之间的逻辑关系；识别文体，有助于预测阅读内容，把握方向，为解题作好必要的准备。例如，如果完形填空的短文是记叙文，就能从文章中找出时间，地点，人物，事件等六个基本要素，而且往往这些要素基本
3、可以在文章的首句或首段找到。 3. 纵观全文、通篇考虑。做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4从上下文寻找信息词 完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。 警示：在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有
4、提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词5. 形意结合，前后参照 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。在选择答案时，应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。6
5、. 先易后难 先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。7把握文章组织结构 主要是针对语篇题 做题时，要把准文章作者发展脉络，文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示，选对答案。8了解文化常识，确定相关知识 9.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物 10.全文贯通，复查核定 做完题目后，要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容清晰,主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案,应根据语感完成.复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的
6、答案，再把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。 总之，要提高完形填空的得分，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，一要积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目,如定语从句，状语从句，非谓语动词，名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用灵活,概念清楚.二要有计划，有目的地训练，加强阅读，提高速度，培养语感,在实践中感悟词语的辨析，搭配，学会对文章进行逻辑判断及推理，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义.考点透析 （1） 同义词辨析-这部分涵盖动词，名
7、词，形容词，副词以及其他短语结构的功能应用差别；（2） 近义词辨析-这部分主要涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词以及其他短语结构使用场合的细微差别；（3） 反义词应用-这部分内容主要依据连词和上下文的语义变化针对一些动词，形容词进行测试；（4） 形容词用法-功能性差异（如定语形容词和表语形容词）和近义形容词的程度性差异；（5） 副词的应用-修饰性差异（静态状语修饰和动态状语修饰）以及一些特殊副词的修饰搭配及其位置差异；（6） 介词的搭配-这主要测试不同介词与同一个动词或名词搭配产生不同的含义；或者是同一个介词与不同的动词或名词搭配产生歧义的用法解题必备知识需求（1） 词汇（要会辨析） （2）常用搭配
8、 （3）语法（从句，时态，非谓语动词 介词，语态等） （4）对句子的分析能力 （5）语篇意识 （6）逻辑分析能力 （7）总结积累PART TWO 例题讲解NO 1 Fashion not only in ClothesFor most people，the word “fashion” means “clothes”. But people may ask the question，“What _1_ are in fashion?” And they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way: “She was wearing a _2_
9、 coat.” “His shirt was really a fashionable color.”But of course there are fashions _3_ many things，not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are _4_ fashions in school subjects, jobsand in languages. Fashions _5_ as time goes. _6_ you look at pic
10、tures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different _7_ one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson in 1850.Today fashions change very quickly. We hear about things _8_ more quickly than in
11、 the past. Newspapers, radios, telephones and televisions send information from one country _9_ another in a few hours. New fashions mean that people will _10_ new things, so you see there is money in fashion.1. A. colorB. clothesC. foodD. money2. A. niceB. beautifulC. expensiveD. fashionable3. A. a
12、tB. byC. inD. with4. A. evenB. justC. onlyD. already5. A. changeB. changesC. are changedD. changed6. A. WhereB. WhenC. IfD. As7. A. onB. forC. withD. from8. A. veryB. muchC. tooD. quite9. A. inB. byC. toD. with10. A. buyB. sellC. getD. use 【答案与解析】1. B。根据首句“时髦意味着衣服”，很容易推测出要问的是“衣服”。2. D。根据上文“用同样的方法使用形
13、容词 fashionable”，下文自然是含有fashionable的句子。3. C。根据下文中的in holidays，in restaurants等，运用语感感知法立刻就能锁定正确选项。4. A。上句“假期时髦、餐馆时髦”和本句的“学科时髦、工作时髦”之间是进一步说明的关系，因此，要选表示递进关系的副词。这四个副词中只有even表示递进关系。5. A。“时髦随着时间的推移发生变化”，属于客观事实和普遍真理，因此，要用一般现在时(from )。6. C。“看过去的像片或物品”和“看到时髦总是在变化”是条件与结果的关系，因此，本句应选引导条件状语从句的连词。7. D。表示“与不同”，要用固定词
14、组be different from。根据下句中的different from，运用就地发现法，也能立马锁定选项。8. B。从句子结构方面来看，这是一个表示两者进行比较的句型。根据语法规则“修饰比较级时要用程度副词much”，就可以排除其他选项。9. C。此处是指“从一个国家，到另一个国家”。表达这一意思时，要用连词词组from. to.。10. A。根据后半句“明白钱的时髦”，运用科学推理法可知“只有买东西才能知道”，因此，应是“买新东西”。No. 2The best way of learning a language is always using it. The best way of
15、 learning spoken English is _1_ in English as much as possible. Sometimes youll get your words _2_ up and people will not _3_ you. Sometimes people will _4_ things too quickly and you cant understand them. But _5_ you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you _6_
16、. Dont be unhappy if people seem to be laughing _7_ your mistakes. Its _8_ for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, _9_ they dont understand what you we saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Dont be _10_ of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
17、 1. A. listening B. talkingC. reading D. writing2. A. mixB. mixingC. to mixD. mixed3. A. likeB. knowC. helpD. understand4. A. sayB. talkC. tellD. speak5. A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. although6. A. haveB. makeC. takeD. product7. A. atB. onC. inD. for8. A. goodB. betterC. bestD. well9. A. unlessB. becauseC.
18、 as soon asD. as long as10. A. sadB. worryC. afraidD. unhappy【答案与解析】1. B。在听、说、读、写四个学习环节中，学英语口语最好的方法只能是“说”才合乎实际。2. D。宾语的动作由别人来完成时，补足语要用过去分词。3. D。“说不清，道不明”，听的人自然不 “明白或理解”说的是什么。4. A。这四个词都有“说”的意思，say着重说的内容，talk 强调两个人之间说话，tell着重把一件事情传给别人，speak 着重说某种语言。“说得太快”指说话的内容而言，因此，选say。5. A。“保持幽默感”与“嘲笑错误”是条件与结果的关系，所
19、以本句是个条件状语从句。when和since引导时间状语从句，although 引导让步状语从句，只有if引导条件状语从句。6. B。make a mistake 是个固定词组，意思是“犯错误”。7. A。laugh at是个固定词组，意思是“嘲笑”。8. B。“嘲笑”与“愤怒”相比较时，要用形容词比较级。good和well是原级，best是最高级。9. B。“笑话你的错误或向你发脾气”与“不理解说的是什么”是结果与原因的关系，所以该句是个原因状语从句。unless与as long as引导条件状语从句，as soon as引导时间状语从句，只有 because引导原因状语从句。(from )
20、10. C。选sad 和 happy 不符合上下文语境，也不合逻辑。如选worry，意思上讲得通，英语中却没有 worry of 这个词组，要改成 worry about才对NO 3We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were children. If we could learn _1_ second language in the same way, it would not seem so _2_. Think _3_ what a small child does. It listen
21、s to what people say and tries _ 4_ what it hears. When it wants something, it has to ask _5_ it. It is using the language, talking in it, and thinking in it all the time. If people _6_ use a second language all the time, they would learn it quickly. We learn our own language _7_ hearing people spea
22、k it, not by seeing what they write. We imitate _8_ what we hear. In school, though you learn to read and write _9_ to hear and speak, it is the best way _10_ all the new words through the ear. You can read them, speak them, and write them later.1. A. aB. an C. theD. /2. A. easyB. fastC. simpleD. di
23、fficult3. A. ofB. outC. overD. about4. A. imitateB. imitatingC. to imitateD. imitated5. A. ofB. forC. afterD. about6. A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. had to7. A. ofB. byC. onD. with8. A. whatB. whenC. whereD. how9. A. andB. butC. as well asD. as long as10. A. learnB. learns C. learningD. to learn【答案与解析】
24、1. A。该题测试冠词的用法，用语法分析法。该句中“学习第二种语言”指的是除了母语之外的任何一种语言，并非特指，而是泛指，因此，要用不定冠词。这样就可排除后面两个选项，second 是以辅音开头的单词，又可否定第二个选项。2. D。该题用科学推测法。“按照学习母语的方法学习第二种语言，肯定不难”，不可能是“不容易，学得不快，不简单”。3. A。该题用逐个排除法。回忆学习母语的方法，马上就能想起来，根本用不着思索(think out)，仔细考虑(think over)，这样就能排除中间两个选项。表示“考虑，对看法”时，think of和think about可互换使用，表示“想起，记起”时，只能
25、用think of，这样又可排除最后一个选项。4. C。从语法上分析，表示还没有做的事情做宾语时，要用带to的动词不定式；从语境上分析，表示“尽力做某事，设法做某事”时，要用词组try to do sth 来表示。 5. B。根据上半句“想要”，可推测出下半句是“不得不向要”，要选一个能与ask构成表示“向要”意思的介词，这四个介词中，只有for。ask for是个固定词组，根据固定搭配法也能锁定正确选项。6. D。该题测试情态动词的用法，用语境推测法。“总是在用第二种语言”，一定是受外界条件影响的结果，属于客观条件逼迫着不得不怎么样，因此，要用have to来表示。7. B。根据句中提供的语
26、境，“学习自己的语言”与“听说”之间，应选一个表示“依据，按照，通过”的介词。这四个介词中，只有by有此意思。从与hearing people speak it相并列的by seeing what they write短语，运用语感感知法，也能迅速锁定选项。8. A。该题用语法分析法。hear是个及物动词，需要接宾语，when，where，how都是疑问副词，不能充当宾语。(from www.zkenglishlcom)9. C。该题用语境推测法。“读和写”与“听和说”是并列关系，应选表示并列关系的连词。but表示转折关系，as long as表示条件关系，都不能被选。and 和 as wel
27、l as 都是“和”的意思，选and时要翻译成“读写和听说”，同时还得去掉原句中的动词不定式符号to，显然不能被选。10. D。句意为“通过听力学习生词是最好的方法”。这是一个动词不定式短语作主语的句子，其中it是形式主语，指代后面的动词不定式短语。NO 4There have been many great inventions that change the way we live. The first great _1_ was one that is still very important todaythe wheel. This made it easy for man _2_ h
28、eavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that, there were _3_ inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800s the world started to change _4_. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. In the s
29、econd half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. _5_ them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These have all become a big part of our life today. The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Movies _6_ sound in 1926. The computer
30、 in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new _7_ was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began looking _8_ ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States too
31、k another. Since then other countries，including China and Japan, _9_ their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. _10_ first walked on the moon. This was certainly just a beginning. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.1. A. sci
32、entistB. artistC. musicianD. invention2. A. carryB. carrying C. to carryD. carried3. A. few B. a fewC. littleD. a little4. A. largelyB. differentlyC. greatlyD. freely5. A. BetweenB. AmongC. BeforeD. After6. A. inB. of C. onD. with7. A. mistakeB. productC. worldD. material8. A. forB. outC. afterD. ar
33、ound9. A. madeB. were madeC. have madeD. hade made10. A. ChineseB. JapaneseC. AmericansD. Russians 【答案与解析】1. D。该题用语境推测法。根据首句所提供的语境伟大的发明，可推测出本句所列举的应是“第一项大发明”。(from )2. C。该题用语法分析法。本句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to carry heavy things and to travel long distances。3. A。该题测试不定代词的用法。invention是可数名词，不能用little和a
34、 little来修饰，这样就可以否定后面两个选项。根据上下文所提供的语境，可推知：在车轮被发明之后到18世纪，车轮是最重要的发明，自然就是“几乎没有像车轮一样有影响的发明”，应选表示否定意义的few。4.C。该题测试副词的辨析，应用语境推测法。根据上下文可知此句意为“19世纪早期世界开始发生巨大的变化”。largely 是“主要地，在很大程度上”的意思，differently 是“不同地”的意思，greatly 是“很，非常”的意思，freely 是“自由地，不受控制”的意思。5. B。根据上下文语境，如选 Before 和 After，显然语句不通；between指“两者之间”，也不能被选。
35、6. D。该题测试介词的用法。“有声电影”指画面伴随有声音的电影，这四个介词中，只有with有“随着”的意思。7. D。根据下文提供的语境可知“1935年生产出了尼龙”，而尼龙是一种生产布匹的原料。8. A。根据下文的“俄罗斯迈出了第一步，美国紧随其后”，可推知上文是“人类开始寻找进入太空的方法”。这四个词组中，look for意为“寻找”，look out意为“小心，留心”，look after意为“照料”，look around意为“环顾四周”，只有look for才合乎句子要求。9. C。since then是现在完成时的标志，意思是“此后，从此一直”。在这四个被选项中，made和wer
36、e made是一般过去时，had made是过去完成时，只有have made是现在完成时。10. C。这是一道常识题。美国人首次登月是家喻户晓的常识。NO 5Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龟). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran _1_ quickly. The turtle
37、was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like _2_ you to a wonderful palace now.”The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he _3_ the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To tha
38、nk him, the king of the turtles gave him _4_. He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very _5_ everything.After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, _6_ you can open only one.” “You mustnt open both. Dont forget it!” the tu
39、rtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.After he _7_, he opened the bigger one of the two boxes. _8_ the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “Im _9_ now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must b
40、e expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face _10_ an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.1. A. t
41、hroughB. awayC. intoD. out2. A. wantingB. askingC. to letD.to invite3. A. left forB. arrived onC. arrived atD.got away4. A. a very big dinnerB. a very poor dinnerC. a very bad dinnerD. a very small dinner5. A. pleased withB. strict inC. angry withD.sorry for6. A. soB. orC. butD. as7. A. went back to
42、 homeB. was back homeC. went back to the seaD.was back the sea8. A. To his surprisingB. To ones surprisingC. To ones surpriseD. To his surprise9. A. a poor manB. a rich manC. an old manD. a young man10. A. likedB. felt likeC. looked likeD. looked【答案与解析】本文讲述一个年轻人因救了海龟而受到宴请和酬谢，但这位年轻人又因太贪心而突然变化的故事。对同学们
43、做人很有启发。1. B 根据上下文判断，那些孩子们应该是跑走了。所以应选away。2. D would like 之后应接不定式，年轻人救了海龟的命，海龟应是“邀请年轻人到宫殿去”3. C 到达某个地方应用arrived at。4. A 按照逻辑，海龟国王要感谢他，必然设盛宴招待他。所以应选a big dinner。5. A 海龟国王盛情招待他，所以他对一切都满意 (pleased with对感到满意)。6. C 前后是转折关系，选but。7. B 上段末说他已出海面，所以打开盒子应是回家(went back home) 之后。8. D 由后文“My God!” he cried 可知，应填T
44、o his surprise(使他感到惊讶的是)。9. B 他得到了金子，当然应该是a rich man。10.C 由于贪心，他的头发变白了，脸“看起来”像八十多岁的老头。PART THREE 课后提高训练I was interested to hear about your school project-the livesof children in Victorian Britain. Did you know _(21) my great-grandparents grew up in those days? Things were certainly very different _(
45、22)them, as children. In Victorian Britain, _(23)people came to the cities to work in the factories, By1851, half the population of the country lived in London. _（24）green countryside, people lived in very small houses,very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those d
46、ays were quite big. Often , there were five children in one family, and they all had to _(25)in houses of just two rooms. _(26)whole street had to share one outside toilet . Can youimagine that? Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy. The pollution from factories covered the streets. People put theirrubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many_(27). And life was _(28)for children in those times. They didnt always go to school, _(29)they had to work instead. Many children started work in