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1、10.一日三餐1.惯用口语句子:Whats for supper?晚餐吃什么?What are we having?我们吃什么?What would you like to have for breakfast?你早餐想吃什么?我们需要了解一下西方人在早餐时经常吃的一些东西,比如说:boiled eggs煮鸡蛋,fried eggs煎鸡蛋,scrambled eggs炒鸡蛋,pancakes薄煎饼,toast土司(一种烤面包),bacon咸肉等。Its almost ready.差不多做好了。Dinners almost done.饭差不多做好了。Would you like some cof
2、fee, juice or milk?你想喝咖啡、果汁还是牛奶?提供不同的食品供他人选择可以用这个选择疑问句型。Breakfast is ready.早餐准备好了。Come and get it过来吃饭。Do you care for some dessert?你要不要来些甜点?Whats for dessert?甜点吃什么?care for“喜欢,想要”I couldnt eat another bite.我一口也吃不下了。I cant eat any more.我不能再吃了。Im full.我饱了。bite n. 一口Do you want some soup?你要喝汤吗?What kin
3、d of soup do you like to have?你想喝什么汤?I dont feel like eating anything.我什么也不想吃。Im not hungry.我不饿。I dont want to eat that.我不想吃那个。Ive had my lunch in the snack bar nearby.nearby ad. 在附近snack bar“快餐店”I had a hamburger and a fried chicken leg.我吃了一个汉堡,一个炸鸡腿。hamburger n. 汉堡包 ( = burger )2.实用对话Breakfast早餐Mo
4、m: John, come and get it; breakfast is ready.妈妈:约翰,过来吃饭,早餐准备好了。John: Im still getting ready for school. I cant find my schoolbag.约翰:我还在准备上学的东西呢。我找不到书包了。Mom: I told you to pack it last night. What did you do with it?妈妈:我昨天晚上就告诉过你收拾书包。你是怎么做的?John: I did. But I used something in the bag later.约翰:我收拾过了。
5、但后来我又用过里面的东西。Mom: Anyway, hurry up! Here is your carrot juice.妈妈:不管怎样,你快点吧!这是你的胡萝卜汁。John: Can I have apple juice, Mom?约翰:我能喝苹果汁吗,妈妈?Mom: Dont be so fussy about stuff.妈妈:别这么挑剔。John: Oh, Mom.约翰:哦,妈妈Mom: Do you want your fried egg sunny-side up?妈妈:煎蛋你要单面煎的吗?John: Yes. But I prefer oatmeal first. III ma
6、ke it myself.约翰:是的。但我想先吃麦片粥。我自己来弄吧。Mom: Good. Ill butter your toast then.妈妈:好。那我来给你的面包抹上黄油。John: I wish I could have breakfast steak today.约翰:我真希望今天早餐能吃牛排就好了。Mom: Ill make it for you tomorrow.妈妈:我明天给你做。John: Thanks.约翰:谢谢。3.详细解说1.“ready”是一个非常简单的词,但在口语中却十分常用,请看例句:I dont feel that Im ready for my drivi
7、ng test yet.(我觉得我还没有准备好参加驾照考试。)Is everything ready for the exhibition?(展会全都准备好了吗?)Ive got to get a room ready for our guests.(我得为客人们准备好一个房间。)2.“fussy”意为“过分挑别的,过分讲究的”,常用的结构为“be fussy about”。例如:Lilly is fussy about her looks.(莉莉过分关注她的外貌。)A lot of small children are fussy eaters.(很多小孩子都很挑食。) -Do you wa
8、nt to go out or just rent a movie? -Im not fussy.(-你想出去呢?还是想租个电影看?-我无所谓。)3.“butter sb.s toast”意思是“给某人的面包(片)上抹黄油”。“butter”在这里是动词,表示“给抹黄油”。4.文化洗礼中美饮食文化的差异俗话说“民以食为天”。在中国,我们可能一日三餐(three meals a day)少不了,可是在西方国家,特别是在美国,他们的饮食是怎样的呢?和我们中国的饮食习惯有差别吗?差别有多大?带着这些疑问,我们来了解一下中美饮食文化的差异。其一,美国人喜欢一日多餐,每餐适量:而中国人喜欢一日三餐:早餐
9、、午餐、晚餐,并且每餐食量都较大,且现在已开始有不食)早餐的风气。少食多餐比一日三餐、二餐更科学,特别是不食早餐更易患胆结石症。其二,许多中国人习惯每日购买新鲜食品;而美国人往往一次性购买一周的食品,并贮存在冰箱( refrigerator)里,平日食用冷冻食品。此外美国人食用的罐头和腌制品的量分别为中国人的八倍和六倍,这类食品含较多的防腐剂( preservative)和色素等化学品,对身体非常不利。其三,中国的许多家庭逢年过节时,烹饪的菜肴( dish)特别多,应酬也特别多。而美国人宴客或庆祝节日时,从不铺张,连总统宴请外国元首也是三四道菜而已,更不劝酒。11.收拾餐桌碗碟1.惯用口语句子
10、:Whose turn is it to do the dishes?轮到谁来洗碗了?Can you help me with the dishes?你能帮我收拾一下碗碟吗?do/wash the dishes“洗碗碟等餐具”dish的意思是“盘子,碟子”,dishes的意思是“就餐时用过的所有餐具”。Its your turn to wash the dishes.轮到你洗碗了。Its your tum to clear the table.轮到你清理餐桌了。clear the table“清理餐桌”Will you do the dishes after the meal?吃完饭你洗碗吗?
11、I dont feel like washing the dishes today.我今天不想洗碗。I dont like doing the dishes.我不喜欢洗碗。Put your dishes in the sink.把你的餐具放到水槽里。Carry your own dishes to the kitchen.把你自己的餐具拿到厨房里去。Ill wash and you dry.我来洗碗,你来擦烘干。Ill scrape and you load the dishwasher.我来把碗碟刮干净,你来把它们放入洗碗机里。scrape v. 刮掉,擦掉load v装入,装填dishwa
12、sher n. 洗碗机Put the chairs back.把椅子放回去。Fold up the chairs.把椅子折起来。Put everything away,把每样东西都放回原位。put away“放回原位”These stains just wont come out.这些污渍怎么洗都洗不掉。These stains cant be removed.这些污渍弄不摔。stain n. 污点,瑕疵remove v. 去除,处理掉I keep every dishware organized.我把每一样餐具都整理得井井有条。dishware n. 碟,餐具The tablecloth I
13、s dirty.餐桌布脏了。Change the table cloth.换一下桌布。Lay the cloth.铺上桌布。tablecloth n. 桌布(也可写作table cloth)Use a little muscle when you clean the stove.你清理炉灶时用点力。muscle n. 肌肉,力气stove n. 炉子,(在这里指做饭用的)炉灶The way I see it, to do tho dishes is boring.在我看来,洗碗很无聊。the way I see it“以我之见,在我看来”不定式to do the dishes作主语。Be ca
14、reful when you wa8h the dlshe8.标洗碗时要小心。be careful“小心,细心”2.实用对话Clearing the Table and Doing the Dishes收拾餐桌碗碟Frank: Do you like cooking?弗兰克:你喜欢做饭吗?Jane: Yes, I do a lot. But I dont like doing dishes. Whatabout you? Do you like cooking and then cleaning up afterwards?简:喜欢,我经常做饭,但我不喜欢洗碗。你呢?喜欢做饭然后收拾干净吗?F
15、rank: To be honest, I dont really like doing either one. I cant cook and I hate cleaning.弗兰克:老实说,我都不喜欢。我不会做饭,也不喜欢洗碗。Jane: Suppose you have to do one of the two, which do youprefer?简:假设你非得做其中的一样,你喜欢做哪样?Frank: I would rather do the dishes than cook.弗兰克:我宁愿刷碗也不想做饭。Jane: I prefer the opposite. The way I
16、 see it, to do the dishes is boring简:我正相反。在我看来,洗碗很无聊。Frank: Lets make a deal.弗兰克:我们来做个交易吧。Jane: What?简:什么?Frank: Im going to buy some vegetables and you cook.弗兰克:我去买点菜,你来做饭。Jane: Will you do the dishes after the meal?简:吃完饭你洗碗吗?Frank: Fair enough.弗兰克:好吧。3.详细解说1.“clean up”的意思是“彻底打扫干净”。We spent all Sat
17、urday morning deaning up.(我们整个周六上午都在打扫卫生。)另外,“clean sth. up”表示“彻底打扫并清理某物或某地”,例如:Were planning to clean up the beaches.(我们计划清理海滩。)还有一个词组“clean up after sb.”表示“跟在某人的屁股后面收拾”,用英语可以解释为:make a place clean after someone has used it, 例如 : John always expects other people to clean up after him.(约翰总是想着让别人在他屁股
18、后面收拾。)2.“fair enough”在口语中尤其是在英式英语中,表示同意某人的建议,或认为某事听起来很合理。可译为“有道理,好的,行”等,例如:I think we should split the bill. -Fair enough.(-我想我们应该分摊费用。-好的。) -Im just annoyed with him because hes behaved so badly. -Fair enough.(一我只是因为他的行为太差劲了而对他有点儿恼火。-有道理。)4.文化洗礼叉子(fork)的来历吃西餐的时候,通常会用到叉子,这个普通的餐具,你知道它的来历吗?叉子是古代的农具( a
19、gricultural tool),经过了许多个世纪,没有人想到可以用它来进餐。直到11世纪时,一位来自君士坦丁堡( Constantinople)的年轻女士将叉子带到了意大利,这个习俗才传到了欧洲。到了15世纪,叉子的使用在意大利普及开了。英国旅行者回国后向国人解释说,意大利人不愿用手指抓着吃饭是因为他们认为“并非所有进餐者的手指都一样干净。”当听到这些旅行者讲述这种滑稽的意大利风俗时,很多人都感到忍俊不禁。当时在英国如果有人用叉子进餐是会被嘲笑的,随后的100年间也是如此。使用叉子进餐的男子会被认为有点女人气,使用叉子进餐的妇女则会被说成爱卖弄风骚。直到17世纪末,叉子的使用才成为一种普遍
20、的习俗。如今在很多西方国家,若一个人不守就餐礼节,将刀叉放在一边,用手指抓取食物,就会有人嘲讽道:“世上还没有叉子时人们才用手指吃饭呢。” (Fingers were made before forks.)12.花销1.惯用口语句子:I really need to balance my budget and handle my money better.我真的需要平衡预算并改善我的用钱方式了。balance v. 平衡budget n.预算handle v. 处理,管理Give me your credit cards. Youre living beyond your means.把你的信
21、用卡给我,你花钱总是寅吃卯粮的。means n. 收入credit card“信用卡”live beyond ones means表示“入不敷出,过度消费”。I want to control my spending better.我想更好地控制我的开销。Why dont you control your spending?你为什么不控制一下你的开销呢?spending n. 开销,花费You need to have more self-control.你需要更好地控制自己。Control your expenses.控制你的花销。self-control n. 自我控制,自制expense
22、 n. 花销,花费You did spend too much, and most of the expense was kirid of unnecoseary.你花钱太多了,而且大多数花费都是不太有必要的。unnecessary a. 不必要的I have been spending too much money.我花钱一直大手大脚的。I cant spend money in one place.我不能乱花钱。I am living above my limit.我的生活开销超出我的底限了。I have already spent beyond my limit.我的开销已经超出底限了。
23、“above”、“beyond”在上面这两句话中的意思都是“超过”。Thatll cost an arm and a leg.= Thatll cost a pretty penny.= Thatll cost a great deal of money.这要一大笔开销的。You know, money doesnt grow on trees.你知道,钱不是从天上掉下来的。You should use it wisely.你应该明智地花钱。wisely ad. 明智地,精明地,英明地Life is too short to him whos always been saving money
24、and not using it.对于那些只存钱不花钱的人来说,人生是苦短的。You cant take it with you.生不带来,死不带去。Dont be such a miser.别像个守财奴似的。miser n. 吝啬鬼,守财奴I have to control myself because I always go out and spend like crazy.我必须得控制自己,因为我经常出去乱花钱。like crazy“发疯似地,拼命地”2.实用对话Expenses花销Harry: Damn it, Im running out of money again. I real
25、ly need to balance my budget and handle my money better.哈里:见鬼,我又要没钱了。我真的需要平衡预算并改善我的用钱方式了。Lily: You did spend too much, and most of the expense waskind of unnecessary.莉莉:你花钱太多了,而且大多数花费都是不太有必要的。Harry:But I make it哈里:但这都是我赚的钱。Lily: Though, you dont have to spend every penny you make. You could save som
26、e every month, like a lot of other people do.莉莉:尽管如此,你也不必把你赚的每分钱都花了。你可以像其他人那样,每个月都存点儿钱。Harry: I work hard so I deserve to enjoy, but that costs money.哈里:我工作很辛苦,所以应该好好享受享受,可是这是要花钱的。Lily: You should save in case of an emergency. You need tohave more self-control. What things did you spend yourmoney on
27、!莉莉:为了应急,你应该存钱。你需要更好地控制自己。你的钱都花哪里去了?Harry: The problem is that I have no idea. I didnt pay attention.哈里:问题是我也不知道,我没有注意。Lily: Let bygones be bygones. Start saving right now.莉莉:过去的事情就让它过去吧。现在开始存钱吧。3.详细解说1.“in case of.”意为“如果,万一”。例如:In case of fire. break the glass(万一遇到火灾,就把玻璃砸了。)另外“(just)in case”表示“以防万
28、一”。例如:Take an umbrella,in case it rains(带把伞,万一下雨可以用。)He had his camera ready, just in case he saw something that would make agood picture.(他把照像机准备好,万一看到适合拍照的东西就能用得上。)In case Im late, start without me.(万一我迟到了,就不要等我先开始吧。)2.“pay attention(to sb./sth.)”意思是“注意(某人或某事)”,例如: Im sorry, I wasnt paying attenti
29、on to what you were saying. (对不起,我没有注意你在说什么。)They paid no attention to him(他们不注意他。)3.“Let bygones be bygones.”意思是“过去的事情就让它过去吧。”,一般指不太好的事情。4.文化洗礼英语中的各种费用初学英语的人,常用expense来表示一切“费用一,其实expense主要是“花费、开支”之意,如:living expenses-生活开支”、daily expenses“日常开支”、travel expenses“旅行花费”等、在现实生活中,其实“各种花销费用”都有着各种不同的表达方法。下面
30、就分类介绍一些较为常用的表示“费用”意思的词。1.admission:入场费。如:Admission: $10 for adults, $5 for children.入场费:成人10美元,儿童5美元。2.charge:要价。主要用于指劳务所收取的费用,如服务费、行李:超重费、旅馆费、停车费等等,也可指产品的要价、费用。如:The bill listed the charges for all services.这张账单列出了所有的服务费。3.cost:成本价。指生产某东西的成本,也泛指商品的价格。如:I sold you this coat at cost.这件上衣我是按成本价卖给你的。4.
31、fare:票价。指乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、飞机等所支付的费用。如:Air fares have shot up by 20%.飞机票价涨了20%。4.fee:医生、律师或其他特殊职业的佣金及会费、手续费等。如:The doctor charged me a fee.医生向我收了诊疗费。5.tip:通常指对一次性劳务所付的小费。如:I gave my barber a fat tip.我给了理发师优厚的小费。6.toll:道路、桥梁、港口通行费及电话费等。如:Drivers have to pay a toll to pass the bridge.司机过桥必须得交过桥费。7.tuition:
32、学生上大学或私立学校所交纳的学费。如:John took out a loan to pay his tuition.约翰贷款交了学费。13.储蓄1.惯用口语句子:I want to deposit this money in the bank.我想把这笔钱存到银行里。I Deposit this money into ICBC.把这笔钱存到中国工商银行。deposit v. & n. 存款The Interest is rather high, so we should save some money in the bank.现在利息很高,我们应该在银行存点钱。The interest is
33、 not favorable. so its not profitable to deposit money in the bank.现在利息不合适,所以把钱存在银行没什么利。interest n. 利息favorable a. 有利的profitable a. 有利的,赢利的We have no money to save.我们没有钱可以攒起来。There is not even a penny in our bank account.我们的银行账户里连一分钱的存款也没有。We dont have spare money.我们没有余钱。save v. 储蓄,存,节省account b, 账户
34、spare a. 多余的,余下的We can save 20% of all our earnings and put it in the bank.我们可以把我们收入的20%存入银行。If we dont put money in the bank now, well have to work right up until the day we die.如果我们现在不把钱存入银行,我们就到死都得工作。earnings n. 所赚的钱,收入20%读作:twenty percent,其中“percent”意为“百分之”,发音为psentWe should make a plan for savi
35、ng money.我们应该做个存款计划。We should not save money. We need to use it to make more money.我们不应该存钱。我们应该拿钱来赚钱。We need to start saving money for a rainy day.我们得开始存些钱以备不时之需了。Ive been saving for a rainy day.我一直在存钱以备不时之需。for a rainy day“以备不时之需”save sth. for a rainy day表示“存(尤其是钱)以备不时之需”。Weve got to tighten our be
36、lt.我们得省吃俭用勒紧裤腰带。Ive been savine my pennies.我一直在省吃俭用攒钱。A penny saved is a penny earned.省一分就等于挣一分。(谚语)ti2hten v. 勒紧,拉紧tighten ones belt“勒紧某人裤腰带”(习语)Ive got enough saved up.我攒够钱了。Ive saved a lot of money.我已经攒了不少钱了。save up“借蓄”We need to watch our money.我们得留意收支情况。Weve got to save our pennies.我们得存钱。Weve g
37、ot to start budgeting our money.我们得开始作预算了。Ill dip into my saving8 thi8 time.这次我要动用储蓄了。Ive been saving up for this.我一直存钱就是为了这个。dip into“从(储蓄)中取出钱”2.实用对话Saving Money and Depositing It存钱与储蓄Abby: We need to start saving money for a rainy day.艾比:我们得开始存钱以备不时之需了。Rick: Yeah, I know, but we still need to liv
38、e too. I dont want to work just to save.瑞克:是的,我知道,但是我们也得生活,我不想仅仅为了存钱而工作。Abby: Well, we can save 20% of all our earnings and put it in the bank艾比:嗯,我们可以把我们收入的20%存入银行。Rick: 20% sounds too high. How about 10%?瑞克:20%,听起来太高了。10%怎么样?Abby: If we start saving and keeping it in the bank now. well have enough
39、 money to retire comfortably.艾比:如果我们现在开始就把钱存到银行,我们就有足够的钱舒服地退休了。Rick: I dont think about retirement too often It seems so far off in the future.瑞克:我不怎么想退休的事,似乎还很遥远呢。Abby: If we dont put money in the bank now, well have to work right up until the day we die. I dont want to be working when Im in my 70s
40、.艾比:如果我们现在不把钱存到银行,我们就到死都得工作。我可不想七十多岁时还要工作。Rick: I dont guess so. I never thought about it that way.瑞克:我不这样认为。我从不那样想。3.详细解说1.“It seems so far off in the future.”意思是“似乎还很遥远呢。”在这里“far off”表示“(在时间上或空间上的)遥远的”。例如:The exams are so far off that Im not even thinking about them Yet. (离考试还远着呢,我甚至连想都没想呢。)How fa
41、r off finishing the project are we?f离项目完成还有多远?)Weve been working on the flat for six months now but were still far off finishing.(到现在我们盖这个公寓已经盖了六个月了,可是离竣工还远着呢。)Were not far off London now.(现在我们离伦敦不远了。)2.“in sb.s 70s”意为“在某人70多岁的时候”;同样,“in sb. s 20s/30s/40s.”则意为“在某人20多岁/30多岁/40多岁的时候”。另外,此类短语里还可以使用“ear
42、ly”、“late”这样的修饰词,比如:in sbs early 20s(在某人二十出头的时候)in sb.s late 20s(在某人二十多岁快三十的时候)。3.“I dont guess so.”相当于“I dont think so.”,表示“我不这么想,我不这么认为。” “guess”在里的意思是“想,认为”。4.文化洗礼美国人一生的理财规划虽然这是一个鼓励消费( consume)的时代,可是在中国,人们总是有这样一种想法:把所挣的钱一点一滴地积攒起来,以备不时之需。那么,在美国那样一个高消费的国家,他们是怎样进行理财规划的呢?18-27岁 spend all全消费阶段在这个阶段,美国
43、的年轻人可谓是“人不敷出”,购物( shopping)、聚会(party)、谈恋爱(love),一分钱积蓄也没有,甚至还要父母补贴。28-34岁 save money有所节省阶段要结婚了,刚刚意识到钱需要省着花了,该为买房做准备( prepare )了。35岁以后 make plan on aging养老规期阶段这个阶段,人生的重担开始到来。要承受的两座大山分别是:孩子上学费用和买房费用。在美国,孩子上名牌大学的学费是很昂贵(expensive)的。如果35岁的时候你的孩子5岁了,你就要开始考虑十几年后孩子上大学的费用了。买房也是一生中最大的事情之一。房子是普通人一生中所购买的最贵的商品。而且
44、房价基本上总是在上涨( rise),从而也加重了这一年龄段的美国人的负担。除了上面谈到的消费规划,美国人也热衷于投资规划,他们投资房产、股票、债券等等,而且犬部分人还会试着做些生意。这样,到了老年,基本上就是一个收获的季节了。14.接电话1.惯用口语句子:Hello! This is Tom.喂!我是汤姆。Yes! Tom Jones.喂!我是汤姆琼斯。Yeah! Jones residence.喂!这儿是琼斯家。residence n. 住处,住所在电话里说“我是”要用“This is.”,而不是“I am.”。This is him.我就是。Speaking.请讲。“This is him
45、.”意思是“我就是(你找的那个他)”,如果打电话的人要找的是一位女性,那么接听的人则可以说“This is her.”。Whos speaking?= Whos that speaking. please?= May I ask who is calling?= Whos calling?= Who is that?哪位?在确认对方是谁时,不能说“Who are you?”或者“Are you.?”。Hang on a moment, please. Ill see if hes in.请稍等,我看他在不在。One moment,please.请稍等。Just a second,please.请稍等。Hold the line.别挂。Hold, please.请别挂。Please hold.请别挂。Lily, theres a phone call for you.= Lily. youre wanted on the phone.莉莉,有你的电话。He is tied up right now.他现在正忙着呢。Hes on another line.他正在接另外一个电话。“be tied up”指“没有空闲,时问被占用”。Sorry, hes out.= Sorry, hes not in.= Im sorry, hes not here at the moment.