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1、期末复习现给大家厘清一下复习思路：考试卷面分：60 分考试题型：五种I 选择更好的译文（101） （备课组长说有可能是两选一，也可能是三选一）例如讲义上的第1页It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in Southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of room, in which I write, was in what is called “the state of nature.”A.
2、 我们可以有把握地设想，二千年前，在凯撒到达不列颠南部之前，从我正在写作的这间屋子的窗口，可以看到整个原野都是处于所谓“自然状态”之中。B. 赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野，槛外诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前，当罗马大将恺彻未到时，此间有何景物。II翻译评析 （15分）翻译评析评分标准：从翻译的标准（5分）、翻译的方法和策略（5分），以及翻译的技巧（5分）三方面谈。请复习讲义pp2-4、pp14-29翻译的标准有传统的：信达（忠实和通顺），有现代奈达的：从形式对等到动态对等最后到功能对等翻译的基本方法：直译与意译翻译的基本策略（这是组长这样分的，其实都是翻译的方法）：归化与异化
3、翻译的技巧：词的技巧词义的确立、词类转换译法、增加、省略、延伸、正反反正译法 句子的技巧三大从句的译法III 长句的翻译（35）两个英语句子，一个汉语句子。例如1：There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of t
4、he coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望的是，她花了许多心思或费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津有味地与她的丈夫谈政治、谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这些却可能是她感到兴趣并引以自豪的主要所在。例如2：He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacat
5、ion basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the South. 他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚度假，享受高加索的阳光， 昨天才做飞机回来。 原文“在南方从事一项建筑工程”放在句子的最后部分，但是事情发生的时间却在最先；在格鲁吉亚度假也是回来以前的事情，但是叙述中却放在回来这一事件之后。而在汉语译文中则几项事情都是按发生时间的先后顺序安排。组长说一个汉译英的长句可能来自讲义的pp55-58IV 段落英译汉
6、是否来自各章后面的佳译描红呢？ 不知道啊。不过英译汉的段落个人认为无非就是将在词的层面：确定词的意义，在将词放在上下文中，看能否直译，不能直译就意译，在词的文化意象处理上：无非就是归化和异化，归化就是更照顾译入语的文化，异化就是更保持源语的文化形象，更富有异国情调；在句子层面：无非就是将长句拆译成短句，按照时间、空间、原因、转折、让步各种逻辑顺序来译。例如：Altogether AutumnIts time to plant bulbs. But I put it off as long as possible because planting bulbs means, marking spa
7、ce in borders which are still flowering. Pulling out all the annuals which nature has allowed to erupt in overpowering purple, orange and pink, a final cry of joy. That would almost be murder, and so Ill wait until the first night frost anaesthetizes all the flowers with a cold, creaky crust that ca
8、uses them to whither; very gentle death. Now I wonder through my garden indecisively, trying to hold on to the last days of late summer.试看你们同学译的，还不错又到了种植百合的季节，但我想尽可能把这事放一放，因为这意味着占用仍在开着花的花坛，拔掉所有盛开的各色植物，阻碍她们绽放最后的美丽，那简直就是谋杀。我宁愿等到一夜寒风令她枯萎，冻得吱吱作响，然后轻柔的凋零。我在花园中彳亍，尽力去品味夏天的尾巴。下面一段你们自己译看看The trees are plump
9、with leafy splendor. The birch is so soft rustling gold, which is now fluttering down like an unending stream of confetti. Soon November will approaching with its autumn storms and leaden clouds, hanging above your head like soaking wet rags. Just let it stay like this, I think, gazing at the huge m
10、ysterious shadows the trees conjure up on the shining green meadows, the cows languidly flicking their tails. Everything breathes an air if stillness, the silence rent by the exuberant colors of asters, dahlias, sunflowers and rosesThe morning begin chilly. The evenings give you shivers and cold fee
11、t in bed. But in the middle of the day, the sun breaks through, evaporating the mist in the grass, butterflies and wasps appear and cobwebs glisten against windows like silver lace. The harvest of whole years hard work is on the trees and bushes; berries, beech mast, chestnuts, acorns.V For this par
12、t, you are asked to translate a passage from Chinese into English.（10分）已经做过很多汉译英的训练了，汉译英的关键是确立主语和谓语，其它宾语、定语、状语、非谓语动词就往句子里塞好了；在词的层面要注意用词准确，汉译英的关键是整合句子，别忘了英语很多情况下是形合啊例如：农历七月初七，即“七夕节”（the Qixi Festival），也叫“双七节”（the Double Seventh Day）或“乞巧节”（the Qiqiao Festival），是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。QiXi Festival, the se
13、venth day of the seventh lunar month, also called the Double Seventh Day or the Qiqiao Festival is one of the most romantic traditional festivals.此节源于我国民间传说-牛郎（the Cowherd）织女（the Weaver Maid）的爱情故事。This festival originated from Chinese folklore legendthe love story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid.
14、因为关乎爱情，故现在城里的年青人也把“七夕节”称为中国的“情人节”。Because it is related to love, the urban youths also call it Chinese Valentines Day.七夕节普遍的习俗是妇女们，特别是未结婚的姑娘们在当晚举行各种乞巧活动。The common practices for QiXi Festival are that women, especially maidens hold various skill-pleading activities. 她们穿针引线验巧，做些小物品赛巧，摆上些瓜果乞巧。They do
15、the needling work to test skills, make some handcraft articles to compete in skills for the winner and offer fruits on an altar to plead skills.通过这些活动，姑娘们表达了希望自己跟织女一样有着灵巧双手的美好愿望。With these activities, the maidens express their wishes that they can have the same dexterous hands as those of the Weaver Maid.【注释】“乞巧”活动为“七夕节”的传统节目，指的是姑娘们摆放出各种水果，向神仙祈求赐教各种做手工艺技巧的方法，故乞巧可译为“skill-pleading”。文中凡是涉及到“巧”的均可理解成“技巧”。