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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。 typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的 tpk()l grassland n. 草原；牧草地 dweller n. 居民，居住者 dwl continent n. 大陆，洲，陆地 kntnnt antelope n. 羚羊；羚羊皮革 ntlp pronghorn n. 脊椎 叉角羚；糜鹿 prhn2. Of the mill
2、ions who saw Haleys comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century? 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？comet n. 天 彗星 kmt3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expre
3、ssions. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。anthropologist n. 人类学家；人类学者 ,nrpldst universally adv. 普遍地；人人；到处 junvsl reflect vt. 反映；反射，照出；反省 vi. 反射，映现；深思 rflekt facial adj. 面部的，表面的；脸的，面部用的 n. 美容，美颜；脸部按摩fe()l expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情，脸色，态度kspre()n;4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the u
4、se of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 Irritating adj. 刺激的；气人的；使愤怒的 rtet phenol n. 石碳酸，有化 苯酚 finl antiseptic n. 防腐剂，抗菌剂 adj. 防腐的，抗菌的 ntseptk discontinue vt. 停止；使中止 vi. 停止，中断 dskntnju5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making org
5、anization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。existence n. 存在，实在；生存 gzst()ns profit-making adj. 营利的；有利可图的 n. 营利；赚钱 prfit,meiki organization n. 组织；机构；体制；团体 ,rnzen consumer n. 消费者；用户，顾客 knsjum desirable adj. 令人满意的；值得要的; 值得拥有的d
6、zarb()l6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 population n. 人口；生物 种群 ppjle()n locality n. 所在；位置；地点；地区；居民点 l()klt transportation n. 运输；运输系统 trnspte()n disposal n. 处理；支配；清理 dsp
7、z()l refuse n. 垃圾；废物 vt. 拒绝；不愿；抵制 rfjuz7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure ones meaning. 简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。 effectively adv. 有效地，生效地；有力地 fektvl employ vt. 使用，采用；雇用 mpl; flowery adj. 花的；华丽的；绚丽的；多花的
8、flar vague adj. 模糊的；含糊的；不明确的 veg obscure adj. 模糊的；晦涩的；昏暗的 bskj meaning n. 意义；含义；意图8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors. 随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。 mechanized adj. 机械化的；呆板的 meknaizd designe
9、r n. 设计师；谋划者 dzan attempt vt. 企图，试图；尝试 n. 企图，试图；攻击 tem(p)t personalize vt. 使个性化；把拟人化 ps()n()laz severe adj. 严峻的；严厉的；剧烈的；苛刻的 sv9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken. 诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。libel n. 诽谤罪；诋毁；毁坏名誉的东西；控诉书 lab()l slander n. 诽谤；中伤;谣言
10、slnd10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。 joints n. 连接，接头；关节 dint thigh n. 大腿，股a lower leg 小腿11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain bl
11、ue vegetable dyes red. 酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。 acids n. 酸，酸类；有酸味的东西 sd compound vt. 合成；混合；和解妥协 n.化合物；混合物 kmpand solution n. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答 slu()n corrosive adj. 腐蚀的；侵蚀性的 n. 腐蚀物 krsv action n. 行动；活动；功能；战斗；情节; 作用，影响，反应 metals n. 金属；合金 met()l dye n. 染料，染色 vt. 染；把染上颜色 da 12. Billie
12、 Holidays reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs. Billie Holidays作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。 reputation n. 名声，名誉；声望 repjte()n rest vi. 休息；静止；依赖，依靠(常与on或upon连用)；安置 emotional adj. 情绪的；易激动的；感动人的 m()n()l depth n. 海洋 深度；深奥；(感情等的)深厚，深切dep13
13、. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。 essentially adv. 本质上；本来 sen()l abstract n. 摘要；抽象；抽象的概念 adj. 抽象的；深奥的 bstrkt symbolic adj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的 smblk representation n. 代表；表现；表示法；陈述 ,reprzente()n conceive vt. 怀孕；构思
14、；以为；持有 knsiv reality n. 现实；实际；真实 rlt14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises. 儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。communicate vi. 通讯，传达；感染 vt. 传达；感染；显露 kmjunket15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now gro
15、w abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live. 受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存地方旺盛的生长。irrigation n. 灌溉；临床 冲洗 ,rgen crop n. 产量；农作物；庄稼；平头 abundantly adv. 丰富地；大量地 bnd()ntl cactus n. 仙人掌kkts (复数形式) cacti kktai sagebrush n. 植 蒿属植物 sedbr16. The development of mechanical t
16、imepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them. 机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。 mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的 mknk()l timepiece n. 钟等各种计时器 tampis spur vt. 激励，鞭策 sp accurate adj. 精确的 kjrt sundial n. 日晷，日规 sndal regulate vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准 regjlet17. Anthropology is a s
17、cience in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others. 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。anthropology n. 人类学 ,nrpld rigorous adj. 严格的，严厉的；严密的 rg()rs method n. 方法；条理；类函数 med technique n. 技巧，技术；手法 tekni
18、k document vt. 用文件证明 n. 文件，公文 dkjm()nt observation n. 观察；监视；观察报告 bzve()n18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。fungus n. 真菌，霉菌；菌类 fgs (复数) fungi fi proces
19、s n. 过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序 prses decay n. 衰退，核 衰减；腐烂，腐朽 dke ingredient n. 原料；要素；组成部分 ngridnt soil n. 土地；土壤 enhance vt. 提高；加强；增加 nhns fertility n. 多产；肥沃；农经 生产力；丰饶 ftlt decompose vt. 分解；腐烂 dikmpz debris n. 碎片，残骸 debri19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch ov
20、er a long period of time. 音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。 tuning n.调谐；调音，起弦；协调一致；起音，定音 tjun tone n. 语气；色调；音调；音色 tn20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。 pecan n. 美洲山核桃；美
21、洲山核桃树 pikn plentiful adj. 丰富的；许多的；丰饶的 plentiful Ohio uhaiu Illinois ,ilini(z)21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating. 用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。 eliminate vt. 消除；排除 lmnet transfer vt. 使转移；调任 vi. 转让；转学；换车 trnsf blame vt. 责备；归咎于 n. 责备；责任；过失 22. The chie
22、f foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil. 一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。 chief adj. 首席的；主要的；主任的 tif23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an events occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur. 在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几
23、率等于它不发生的几率。 trial n. 试验；审讯；努力；磨炼 tral event n. 事件，大事；项目；结果 vent occur vi. 发生；出现；存在 k: 24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substances solid is higher than the density of its liquid. 大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。 substance n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨 sbst()ns contract vi. 收缩；感染；订约 n.
24、 合同；婚约 kntrkt density n. 密度 denst solid n. 固体；立方体 adj. 固体的；可靠的；立体的 sld25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood. 大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。 mechanism n. 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧 mek()nz()m brain n. 头脑，智力；脑袋 bren cell n. 细胞；电池；蜂房的巢室 sel store vt. 贮藏，储存 n. 商店；储备，贮藏；仓库 st26. By
25、 the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art. 到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。 sculptor n. 雕刻家 sklpt exert vt. 运用，发挥；施以影响 gzt worldwide adj. 全世界的 influence n. 影响；势力；感化 nflns27. In the eastern part of New
26、 Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center. 伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。 manufacturing adj. 制造的；制造业的 n. 制造业 ,mnjfktr28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a
27、 completely female medical staff. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。infirmary n. 医务室；医院；养老院 nfm()r institution n. 制度；建立；（社会或宗教等）公共机构 nsttju()n staff n. 职员；参谋；棒 stf29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor
28、 of the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。 Inventor n. 发明家；专利 发明人；创造者 nvent 30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance. 采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。rosemary n. 植 迷迭香 rzm()r associate vt. 联想；使联
29、合；使发生联系vi. 交往；结交 n. 同事，伙伴 set remembrance n. 回想，回忆；纪念品；记忆力 rmembr()ns31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact. 骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。apparently adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上 prntl rigid adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的 rdd exhib
30、it vt. 展览；显示 n. 展览品；证据 gzb degree n. 程度，等级；度；学位；阶层 elasticity n. 弹性；弹力；灵活性 elstst skeleton n. 骨架，骨骼；纲要 skelt()n withstand vt. 抵挡；禁得起；反抗 considerable adj. 相当大的；重要的 knsd()rb()l impact n. 影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力 vt. 影响；撞击；冲突 mpkt32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists. 科学家
31、曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。 xenon n. 化学 氙 zenn33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life. 对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。dynamics n. 动力学，力学 danmks predict vt. 预报，预言；预知 prdkt thus adv. 因此；从而；这样；如此
32、s minimize vt. 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视 vi. 最小化 mnmaz loss n. 减少；亏损；失败；遗失; 丧失；失去34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。 elimination n. 消除；淘汰；除去 ,lmnen inflation n. 膨胀；通货膨胀；
33、夸张；自命不凡 nfle()n ensure vt. 保证，确保；使安全 n repay vi. 偿还；报答；报复 vt. 回报；报复；付还 ripe35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion. 未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。 futurism n. 未来主义；未来派 fjutrz()m movement n. 运动；活动；运转；乐章 muvm()nt glorify vt. 赞美；美化；崇拜（神） glrfa contemporary adj. 当代的；同时代的 kntemp()r(r) emphasize vt. 强调，着重 mfsaz