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1、LESSON 44 如何讲述惊险经历：森林遇险记Part 1. 词汇脱口秀1. Forestn. 森林Forests are home to 80% of the worlds land-based animals and plants. About two thirds of the land on earth used to be covered by forests.But now global forest cover has been estimated to be around 30%, largely because of deforestation.Less than 10%
2、of the land on earth is still covered with virgin forests.原始森林 virgin forestA virgin forest is a forest in its natural state, before it has been explored by man.热带雨林：rainforestA rainforest is a thick forest with tall trees, in tropical parts of the world that have a lot of rain.A rainforest has a ve
3、ry thick canopy（ 树 冠 ）of tall trees. As a result, it is very difficult for light to penetrate(穿透) to the ground level.热带丛林：jungleA jungle is an area of tropical forest where trees and plants grow very thickly.One of the largest forests in the world is the Amazon rainforest, which is also known as th
4、e Amazon jungle.The Amazon River, which is the worlds second longest river, snakes its way through the Amazon rainforest.The Amazon is home to the greatest variety of plants and animals on Earth.听趣闻：Amazon 亚马逊也是美国著名的互联网巨头，为啥取名叫 Amazon 呢？小树林： woods (英式英语用: wood)Michael cant see the wood for the trees
5、. (英国英语)或者 Michael cant see the forest for the trees. (美国英语)= Michael pays too much attention to the details and he cant see the whole picture.2. Riskn. 风险When you try to do something new, there is always a risk of failure. But if you never take a risk, there is a risk of achieving nothing.The bigge
6、st risk is not taking any risk. In a world thats changing really quickly, the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is not taking risks.- Mark ZuckerbergNothing ventured, nothing gained.But it doesnt that mean you should risk（v.） your life or health to do something meaningless.For example, It is
7、stupid to risk your neck to speed on the freeway or put your hand in the mouth of a crocodile, in order to show off your bravery.There is a difference between stupid risks and intelligent risks.Stupid risks have a limited upside, and an unlimited downside. Intelligent risks have an unlimited upside,
8、 and a limited downside.听录音：关于风险的小知识：不同人有不同风险的承受能力，你属于下面那一类人？Risk-averseA risk-averse person dislikes risk and, therefore, stays away from high-risk activities.Risk seekingA risk seeking person loves taking risks.Risk neutralA risk neutral person is neither risk-averse nor risk seeking.If you were o
9、ffered either 50 dollars or a 50% chance each of 100 dollars and zero, which one would you choose ?If you choose the first offer, you are risk-averse.If you choose the second offer, you are risk seeking. If you have no preference, you are risk neutral.3. PicnicWhen people have a picnic, they eat a m
10、eal outdoors, usually in a park or a forest, or at the beach. 野餐用法 1：野餐 have a picnic用法 2：去野餐：go on a picnicAmy: We are going on a picnic tomorrow. Kevin: Where are we going to have a picnic?Amy: We will picnic by the lake. It is a perfect picnic site/place.【picnic 可以作动词】Kevin: That is wonderful. I
11、cant wait to go there. Amy : So just take a picnic with you.We will go biking around the lake before our picnic lunch.【特别注意：picnic 还可以直接指代“野餐食物”】*It is no picnic.Bringing up three kids is no picnic.4. Edge1) 边缘:用法：at/on the edge of sth.Andy has a small house on/at the edge of the city. He loves livi
12、ng at the edge of a forest.He loves sitting on the edge of the lake after work.2）刀刃：a knife / sword with a sharp edge3）优势 【用单数形式】 = advantage【听记：为啥 edge 还可以指“优势”？ 】An edge is something that gives you an advantage over othersFluent English will give you the edge over your competitors during the job i
13、nterview.下面的表达什么意思？* cutting-edge technology Cutting-edge research Cutting-edge design5. Possession（1） 拥有，持有If you are in possession of something, you have it or own it, because you have obtained it or because it belongs to you.The king was in possession of a large castle.= The king possessed/owned
14、a large castle.The large castle was in the Kings possession.= The large castle belonged to the King.Now, the large castle is in the possession of the government.注意区别：A is in possession of B 表示 ；A is in the possession of B表示 。（2）财产 (用复数)Your possessions are the things that you own or have with you at
15、 a particular time. Unfortunately, John lost his home and all his possessions in the big fire.6. Breath n. /br/ 呼吸Breathe/bri/ v. 呼吸场景造句：Hey dude, dont run too fast. I am out of breath. I have to stop to catch my breath(喘口气).Youd better take a deep breath.Slowly breathe in the air, hold your breath
16、for a few seconds, and then breathe out the air slowly.The beautiful sunset took my breath away.The beautiful sunset was breathtaking.7. Contents1) 所容纳的东西，内容 【注意：用复数 contents】词源记忆： con（=together）+ ten (=hold) + ts“the things that are held together”The contents are the things that are inside a box, b
17、ag, or room.动词：contain v. 装载，容纳造句：The customs official carefully examined the contents of my suitcase.I still couldnt find my passport, though I carefully went through the contents of my backpack.2) 书，电视节目，信的内容I like the content / the contents of a book 【单复数都可以】You have to keep the contents of the l
18、etter a secret. The content of the website is very useful to me.8. Mend v. 修理英语中的修理： repair, fix, mend 该如何使用？Repair v. 表示 When a machine or technological device doesnt work, its usually because one part of it is broken.This is when we use “repair”:So we can repair a bicycle when there is a problem w
19、ith its wheel, or repair the television when its speaker doesnt work.Fix v. （和 repair）强调 We usually use “fix” to focus on the general problem. It means we want something to go back to how it was before.Do you know anyone who can fix my phone?We also use “fix” to talk about relationships between peop
20、le.比如： My friend is really angry with me. So I need to fix this.Mend v. 表示 Remember that the word “mend” is a little bit old-fashioned and we dont use it so much anymore. We usually use “mend” when we want to describe something easier and quicker to fix. You dont need a professional to mend somethin
21、g.For example, I mended a toy car for the boy and a doll for the girl. We may also mend clothes and socks.After the war, the president was trying to mend relations between the two countries.LESSON 44 如何讲述惊险经历：森林遇险记Part 2. 句型精讲讲故事：如何更高效组织信息？1. Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was takin
22、g when she ran through a forest after two men.亮点赏析：Emphasis on the key information比较：When Mrs Anne Sterling ran through a forest after two men, she did not think of the risk she was taking.场景 1： Step back, if you dont want to die.场景 2： If you dont want to die, step back.2. They had rushed up to her
23、while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag.为啥不写成：While she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children, the two men had rushed up to her and tried to steal her handbag.因为，为了 coherence，也就是 Coherence 有什么好处？这句话的精妙之处在什么地方？3. I
24、n this way, the sentences become more coherent. And the information flows more naturally.留意动作的描述：1） rushed up to .When you go up to something or someone, you go very close to them.up to. 是什么感觉？Tony drove right up to the front door of the police station.A policeman came up to him and asked him to sho
25、w his driving licence. At that moment, a police dog ran up to him.Tony was not scared at all. Instead, he walked up to the dog and patted it affectionately.It turned out that Tony used to be the dogs master.2） tried to steal注意，有同学问说，两个人冲到 Mrs. Sterling 面前，这不是光天化日下打劫么，是否应该是 rob ？为啥这里用 steal ?听记：steal
26、 和 rob 的根本区别是 steal = take something away from someone without permission. Rob =to steal money or property from a person or place;4. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees.为啥 with the bag in their possession 插入在句子中间？精彩表达：wit
27、h + 名词 + in ones possession : 某个东西在某人的手中，某人拥有某个东西作用：with + 名词 + 介词短语 可以做状语（常表伴随或原因）：With 28 gold medals in his possession, Michael Phelps has become the mostsuccessful Olympian of all time.With the valuable diamond in his possession, Jack became the richest person in the town.With the magical weapon
28、 “Golden-banded staff” in his possession, the Monkey king became unrivalled.5. The strap needs mending, said Mrs Annie later, but they did not steal anything.精彩表达：注意：sth. needs doing 往往表示被动= sth. needs to be done The strap needs mending = The strap needs to be mendedWhen we are talking about the obj
29、ect that is going to have something done to it,we can say that it needs doing or it needs to be done.造句：Your hair needs cutting. = Your hair needs to be cut. = You need a haircut. Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned.Your T-shirts need washing. = Your T-shirts need to be washed.
30、LESSON 44 如何讲述惊险经历：森林遇险记Part 3. 故事转述1. 中英文逐句转述我真的很钦佩我姑妈 Annie 的勇敢。I really admire my Aunt Annie for her bravery.上周，她和孩子在森林边野餐，突然两个男人冲到他的面前，试图拿走她的包。Last week, she was having a picnic with her kids at the edge of a forest, when two men rushed up to her and tried to take away her handbag.在和强盗搏斗的过程中，她的包
31、带断了。During the struggle against the robbers, the strap of her handbag broke.【strap 可以指各种带子，watchstrap, camera strap】两个人拿着包，迅速跑进了树林。With the bag in their hands, both men quickly ran through the trees.Annie 姑妈被激怒了，她开始追两位歹徒，根本没有去想可能的风险。Aunt Annie got so angry that she started chasing them, without thin
32、king of the risk she was taking.很快，她就上气不接下气，但是她没有停止奔跑。Soon, she was out of breath, but she didnt stop running.最终，她赶上了两个强盗，他们早已坐下，忙着翻看包里的东西。Finally, she caught up with the robbers who had sat down and were busy going through the contents of the bag.令他们万万没想到的是，Annie 姑妈手上拿着一把雨伞向他们直冲过去。Much to their sur
33、prise, Aunt Annie dashed straight at them with a umbrella in her hand.这两个人吓了一大跳，丢下包，立刻逃跑了。The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away immediately.显然，他们从未料到，一个女士竟然如此勇敢。Obviously, they had never expected a lady to be so brave.Annie 姑妈捡起了她的包，仔细检查了一遍里面的东西。Aunt Annie picked up her ba
34、g and carefully examined the contents.幸运的是，尽管包带需要修理，但是什么东西都没有被偷走。Fortunately , nothing had been stolen , though the strap needed mending.当我问她是否追强盗时感到害怕，她回答说没有。When I asked her whether she felt scared when chasing the robbers, she answered no.但是事后，她感到有些害怕，因为如果当时那两个强盗持有枪或刀，那情况可能会极其危险。But she did feel
35、a little bit scared afterwards, because if the two robbers had been armed with guns or knives, it could have been extremely dangerous.2. 全英文转述I really admire my Aunt Annie for her bravery.Last week, she was having a picnic with her kids at the edge of a forest, when two men rushed up to her and trie
36、d to take away her handbag. During the struggle against the robbers, the strap of her handbag broke. With the bag in their hands, both men quickly ran through the trees.Aunt Annie got so angry that she started chasing them, without thinking of the risk she was taking. Soon, she was out of breath, bu
37、t she didnt stop running. Finally, she caught up with the robbers who had sat down and were busy going through the contents of the bag.Much to their surprise, Aunt Annie dashed straight at them with a umbrella in her hand.The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away immediately.O
38、bviously, they had never expected a lady to be so brave. Aunt Annie picked up her bag and carefully examined the contents. Fortunately, nothing had been stolen, though the strap needed mending. When I asked her whether she felt scared when chasing the robbers, she answered no.But she did feel a litt
39、le bit scared afterwards, because if the two robbers had been armed with guns orknives, it could have been extremely dangerous.3. 文化点评 : 谈谈勇气-生活中的六种勇气Anger is the prelude to courage. Eric Hoffer Mark Twain ：“Its not the size of the dog in the fight, its the size of the fight in the dog.”Courage is s
40、omething that everybody wants. It makes us worthy of respect. Courage is not just physical bravery.(1) Standing Up For What Is RightN.D. Wilson：Sometimes standing against evil is more important than defeating it.The greatest heroes stand because it is right to do so, not because they believe they wi
41、ll walk away with their lives. Such selfless courage is a victory in itself.(2) Feeling Fear Yet Choosing to ActI learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph（胜利） over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear Nelson Mandela(3) Following
42、 Your HeartAnd most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.” Steve Jobs, Stanford commencement speech, June 2005(4) Persevering in the Face of AdversityCourage doesnt always roar. Sometimes
43、 courage is the little voice at the end of the day that says Ill try again tomorrow. Mary Anne Radmacher(5) Expanding Your Horizons; Letting Go of the Familiar Lord Chesterfield：Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.(6) Facing Suffering With Dignity or FaithThe ideal man bears the accidents of life with dignity and grace, making the best of circumstances. Aristotle