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1、高中英语语法通霸4：同位语从句和定语从句的区别例题 ：He told me the news this morning _ his father had come back. A. which B. that C. which or that 答案是 B。那么 A 为什么不可以呢？要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：A. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,
2、truth, possibility, promise, order 等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如 : We are now looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句） Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 （同位语从句） Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们队赢了 ,这让我们很高兴。 （
3、定语从句）B. 从性质上区别定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如： The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明news 到底是一个什么消息） The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。（定语从句 , 指他告诉我的消息） I made a promise that if anyone set me fr
4、ee I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。（同位语从句 ,补充说明 promise 的内容） The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。（定语从句 , promise 在从句中作pleased的主语）C. 引导词上的区别i.引导词 that 引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用 which 替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which 来代替。例：判断下列
5、句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。 The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。解析：是同位语从句，是对order 的具体解释， that虽不作成分，不能换为wh
6、ich, 也不能省略。是定语从句，是名词order 的修饰语， that在从句中作 received 的宾语，可以换为which ，也可以省略。ii.how, whether, what 虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句； who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why除引导定语从句外， 也可引导同位语从句。 （参看 P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）iii. 定语从句的引导词反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。 The reason that he gave for his coming late was
7、 not true. The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true. 在中， that 的意思是 reason, 在定语从句中作give 的宾语。在句中，that 只起连接作用，不含有the reason的意思。iv. 在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词 +连接代词”的形式。 The suggestion where he stressed the importance of exercising was very practical. The suggestion wh
8、ere we should exercise regularly is very practical. 在上面的句中，where 可以换为 in which ；在句中， where 不能换为 in which。例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。 That question whether we need it has not been considered. I have no idea what has happened to him. I haven t answered the question how I will deal with it. The school where
9、Bob studies is in the middle of the city. The decision when we should get started hasnt been made. 解析： 、是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容 , whether, what 和 how 不能引导定语从句。是定语从句， where 反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which 。是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision 的内容。 when并没有反映the decision 的意思。 when 也不能改为at which time 。练习1.The news _ he has been e
10、lected president of the United States is true. A. that B which C. what D. where 2.The news _ you told me yesterday is true. A. that B when C. what D. where 3.【2006 重庆】 Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the air port. A. why B. that C. where D. be
11、cause 4.Is this the reason _ he explained q329950885 at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 5.Galileo collected the facts _ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. / D. A and B 6.Galileo discovered the fact _ the ear
12、th and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. / D. A and B 7.【2006 安徽】 A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 8.【2004 上海】 A story goes _ Elizabeth of England liked nothing
13、more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 9.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if 10. 【2009 浙江】 Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport ? No pr
14、oblem. A. when B. that C. whether D. what 11. Three days later, word came _ our country had sent up another man-made satellite. A. which B. when C. that D. where 12. 【2009 重庆】 We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which
15、 D. where I.单句改错1.【2007 天津】 However, I was lucky enough to have a teacher who didn t take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities, but simply as an indication how I should study harder. 2.【2007 全国】 My school is organizing a basketball team and there s just a chance which I can join it. II.语法填空（每
16、空至多填三词）3.He made a decision _ he had to work hard from then on. 4.He made a decision _ annoyed his parents. 5.【2009 四川】 News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. III.写作技能提升6.我已经自己许下承诺， 毕业前我再也不玩电脑了。 （make a promise to, graduation）7.当你不久就将回国的消息传来，我们真的很难过。(sad
17、, word came ) 8.有谚语说“熟能生巧”，因此如果你想学好英语，你必须在它上面多花费时间。（a saying goes that）9.我相信如果你尽力而为，有很大的可能性你最后会成功的。（ a great chance ）答案：第1讲同位语从句和定语从句1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. how 改为 that；indication 指示，表明，后跟同位语从句。14. which 改为 that；后面是机会的内容，同位语从句。15. that；decision 的内容，是同位语从句。1
18、6. that/ which；定语从句， that/which 指代先行词。17. that；是 news 的同位语从句，说明news 的内容。18. I have made a promise to myself that I will never play computer games before graduation. 19. We were really sad when word came that you would go back to your country soon. 20. A saying goes that practice makes perfect, so if you want to learn English well, you must spent more time on it. 21. I believe if you do your best, there is a great chance that you ll succeed in the end.