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1、高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和 with 的复合结构考点 1. 独立主格结构的构成A. 独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开， 这样的句子是错误的（参看 P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 。His homework was finished, he went out to play.这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play. 这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构 。独立主格结构可以使
2、句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。破坏谓语的方法：含有be 的，把 be 去掉（主系表结构表原因的， be 也可变为being） ；不含be 的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。练习 ：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home. 2.He arrived at home. His face was red. 3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football with my f
3、riends. 4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me. 5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done. 6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home. B. 独立主格结构的构成 名词 (代词 )+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 名词 (代词 )+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test
4、finished, we began our holiday. 名词 (代词 )+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. 名词 (代词 )+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit. 名词 (代词 )+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold. 名词 (代词 ) +介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 名词 (代词 ) +名词
5、The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点 2. with 的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：With the traffic light green , the bus got moving. （前面粗体部分是with 的复合结构） The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构) 可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with 的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with 相互转换。但是作定语时
6、，常用with 的复合结构。The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt. 背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。在独立主格结构中，当介词是in 时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分 （如物主代词或冠词） ， 也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受限制。A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand. 1.With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected
7、 president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 2.With all the magazines I needed _, I left the post office. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought 3.With electricity _, we couldnt drive the machine.A. was cut off B. being cut off C. cut off D. having cu
8、t off 4.Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 5._ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. A. As B. For C. With D. By 6.【2010 山东】 The living room i
9、s clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 7.Many students _ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 8.【2012 辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with
10、 their pet dog _ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears _ his eyes, and shouted the words _ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding 10. With the boy _ the way, we had no trouble _ the w
11、ay _ to Zhongshan Park. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led 11. _, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after her. A. Being ill B. His wife was ill C. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill 12. _, John returned to school from his
12、 hometown. A. The summer vacation being over B. The summer vacation is over C. Because the summer vacation over D. After the summer vacation being over 13. The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes _ and its legs _. A. closed; trembled B. closing; trembling C. closed; trembling D. closing; tremb
13、led. 14. 【2012 全国新课标】 The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit 15. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying. A. were B. being C. to be D. having 16. All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing bu
14、t take the train. A. were canceled B. having been canceled C. had been canceled D. have been canceled 考点 3. 独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。17. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a A. them B. which C . it D. what 18. You can use a large plastic bottle, _ cut of
15、f, as a pot to grow young plants in. A. the top is B. the top of which C. whose top D. with its top 19. 【2008 湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 20. The English mayors, most
16、of _ girls, seldom win in the sports competitions. A. them B. whom C. they D. the 21. To find out, Frisch built special hives, _ only one honey-comb. A. each with B. each has C. each is with D. each of which having 考点 4. 独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。22. _ more and more forests destroyed, s
17、ome animals are facing the danger of dying out. A. With B. By C. As D. For23. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.A. for B. when C. with D. while I.单句改错1.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise went on.2.The largest collection ever found in England was on
18、e of about 2,000 silver pennies, all of which 600 years old. 3.They had nowhere to live, because their houses destroyed in the earthquake. 4.【2005 江西】 Actually, I didnt have to walk far before I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room. II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）5.【2011
19、 湖北】 With the key_ (hold) in his hand，he looked for them everywhere. 6.Conditions _ （permit）, I will teach myself a second foreign language. 7.There _ (be) no rain for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. 8.With many items she needed _ (buy) for her 50-birthday-party,
20、 she went to the supermarket with a big basket. 9.Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, their face _ (shine) with smile. 10. 【2015 江苏】 Much time _(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. III.写作技能提升11. 上周六没有课， 我们去参观了长城。 （there be, pay a visi
21、t to）12. 我们的校园非常美丽，花儿香，鸟儿唱。（schoolyard, smell sweet, sing happily ）13. 天气很糟，我们不得不放弃爬上山顶的计划。(weather, give up, the top of the mount) 14. 许多人对我们镇的环境感到忧虑，包括我。 （be concerned about, environment, include ）15. 考虑到各方面情况，我认为这是解决这个问题的合适的办法。 （all things, consider, an appropriate approach to, solve the problem）16. 每天有如此多的作业做， 我感到身心疲惫。（with so many assignments to complete, exhausted, physically and mentally）17. 【2013 湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。 (through the course of my schooling, two of them, influence)