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1、情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征2)情态动词不能单独做谓语情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面只能接动词后面只能接动词原形,原形,ought to和和have to除外,除外,。3)情态动词没有人称情态动词没有人称,数的变化数的变化,但有些情态但有些情态动词动词,如如can、will、haveto、may等有过去式。等有过去式。1)情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气,对)情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气,对某一动作或状态的某种态度。某一动作或状态的某种态度。1)Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldntlastyear.2)Canshebeinthecompu
2、tercenter?3)Ithoughwhathesaidcouldnotbetrue.4)Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?5)Couldyoulendmeahand?1.1.表能力表能力,意为意为“能,能够能,能够”,cancan指现在,指现在,couldcould指过去。指过去。3.表示表示“请求请求”“允许允许”(表请求时,口语中常用表请求时,口语中常用could代替代替can使语气更委婉,回答时用使语气更委婉,回答时用can)2.表示推测,意为表示推测,意为“可能可能”“或许或许”,用于疑问句或,用于疑问句或否定句,否定句,cant和和couldnt意为意为“不
3、可能不可能”。1.can与与could4.can用于疑问句或否定句中时,表惊异、用于疑问句或否定句中时,表惊异、不相信等,意思是不相信等,意思是“可能、能够可能、能够”。6)Howcanyoubelievesuchaliarlikehim?5.cant/couldnthavedone表示对过去情况的否定推表示对过去情况的否定推测测,意为意为“过去不可能做过某事过去不可能做过某事”7)Susancanthavewrittenareportlikethis.8)Shecanthavegonetoschool,itisSunday.6.can/couldhavedone表对过去的推测,意为表对过去的
4、推测,意为“过去可过去可能做了某事能做了某事”。couldhavedone还可以表示还可以表示对过去能做对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜,意为而未做的事情感到惋惜,意为“本能够做某事可事实上本能够做某事可事实上未做未做”9)Itsapity.Yourclasscouldhavegotthefirstprize.10)WherecanMaryhavegone?can表示表示“能够能够”时与短语时与短语beableto同义,同义,但但can只用于一般现在时或过去时,而后只用于一般现在时或过去时,而后者可用于各种时态。另外,者可用于各种时态。另外,can表示个人表示个人有某种能力,而有某种能力,而be
5、ableto表示某人通过努表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事,相当于力、克服困难做成某事,相当于succeedindoingsth.;can/be able to 1.Michael_beapoliceman,forhesmuchtooshort.A.needntB.cantC.shouldD.may2.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must3.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_wit
6、hBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed4.MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe_yourlecture.A.couldnthaveattendedB.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattendedBAAA5.Theressomeoneoutside.Who_itbe?A.canB.needC.mayD.must6.-IsJackondutytoday?-It_b
7、ehim.Itshisturntomorrow.A.mustntB.wontC.cantD.neednt7.Itisusuallywarminmyhometown,butit_berathercoldsometimes.A.canB.needC.dareD.must8.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone_getaway.A.wereabletoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.couldACAC2.may与与might1.表示表示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”,有,有“可以可以”的意思,口语中的意思,口语中常用常用migh
8、t代代may,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。否定回答时用否定回答时用“mustnot”表表“禁止,阻止禁止,阻止”,不用不用“maynot”.“maynot”表示表示“可能不可能不”。Eg:1)-MayIwatchTVaftersupper?-Yes,youmay./No,youmustnt.2)TodayisSunday.Shemaynotinherofficenow.2.表示可能性。表示可能性。意为意为“或许,可能或许,可能”might比比may可能性小。可能性小。Eg:1)Thegirlmightbesleepingthistimeofday.2)Theymaybeinthelibrary
9、now.4.may/mightaswell+动词原形动词原形“还是还是的好的好”“不妨干某事不妨干某事”Eg:Youmayaswellgoandhavealook.表示对过去发生过的事情的推测,意为表示对过去发生过的事情的推测,意为“可能已经做过可能已经做过某事某事”Eg:Icantfindmysunglasses.Imay/mighthavelefttheminyouroffice.1.SorryImlate.I_haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will2.Peter_comewi
10、thustonight,butheisntverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.willAB3.will与与would1.用于第二人称的疑问句中,表用于第二人称的疑问句中,表“请求、建议请求、建议”等,用等,用would比用比用will委婉,客气些委婉,客气些Eg:1)Willyoulendmeyourbook?2)Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?2.用于表示意志或意愿,意为用于表示意志或意愿,意为“会,愿意会,愿意”。will指指现在,而现在,而would指指过去。过去。用于否定句中,表示用于否定句中,表示“不不会、不肯、不乐意会、不肯、不乐意”。Eg:1)
11、Iwontdothatagain.2)Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.3)NomatterwhatIsaid,hewontlistentome.3.表示习惯性动作。表示习惯性动作。译作译作“总是、惯于总是、惯于”,will指现在指现在常常,常常,would指过去常常。指过去常常。Eg:1)Thismanisstrange.Hewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.2)Marywillkeepaskingsomesillyquestions.3)Everyevening,shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought
12、.4)WewouldsitaroundGrandpaaftersupper,listeningtohisstories.1.Ifyou_waithereforanother5minutes,ourmanagerwillcomeback.A.shouldB.willC.needD.must2.Whenhewasthere,he_gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.mightBA4.should与与oughtto1.oughtto比比should语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。语气更
13、重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。意为意为”应该、应当应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用但在疑问句中常用should。oughtto的否定式为的否定式为oughtntto或或oughtnotto。Eg:Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.ShouldIopenthewindow?Whatshouldwedonext?2.两者都可表示推测,表示很大的可能性。两者都可表示推测,表示很大的可能性。意为意为“可可能、按理该能、按理该”Eg:1)Its7oclock,heshouldbeathome.2)Theyshoul
14、dhavearrivedbynow.3.oughtto/shouldhavedone本应该干某事可事实未干本应该干某事可事实未干oughtntto/shouldnthavedone本不该干某事可事实本不该干某事可事实却干了却干了Eg:Youshouldhaveinvitedmetothepartyyesterday.Youareright.IShouldhavethoughtofthat.Youshouldnthaveeatenallthecakesinoneday.4.Should可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感,意为可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感,意为“竟然,居然竟然,居然”Eg:1)Its
15、surprisingthatMaryshouldlovesuchaperson.2)Itsunbelievablethattheboyshouldsingsuchabeautifulsong.1.Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_besorudetoalady.A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must2.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need3.We_lastnight,butwe
16、wenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.oughttohavestudiedD.wouldstudyBBc5.shall1.Shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。求对方的意见或请求。Eg:1)Shallwebeginourdiscussion?2)ShallIchangetheclothesforthechild?3)ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?4)Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein?2
17、.Shall用于二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人用于二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。Eg:1)Youshallgetananswerfrommetomorrow.2)Heshallbepunished.3)Youshallgowithme.4)TellJerrythatheshallgetagiftifhebehaveswell.1.ChairmanZhang,manypeoplewanttoseeyou._theywaithereoroutside?A.shallB.canC.shouldD.may2.You_usemybikeif
18、youcanreturnittomebeforeIleavehere.A.shouldB.shallC.needD.must3.You_bepunishedifyoubreaktherule.A.shallB.shouldC.needD.mustABAmust/haveto/need用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must,否定否定回答用回答用neednt或或donthaveto,意为,意为“不必不必”。mustnt表示表示“禁止,不允许禁止,不允许”MustIfinishallhomeworkatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt/donthave
19、to.I dont like this TV set.We must buy a new one.Mother was out,so I had to look after the shop.2.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时,这个意思时,must和和haveto稍有区别。稍有区别。must着重说明主观着重说明主观看法,看法,haveto强调客观需要。另外,强调客观需要。另外,haveto能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.表示对某人某事的
20、肯定猜测表示对某人某事的肯定猜测,作作“准是准是”,“一定一定”,用于用于肯定句肯定句中。对过去发中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone,意为过去一定已经做过某事。意为过去一定已经做过某事。Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,pleaseWhymustitrainonSunday?4.must表示与说话人愿望相反,翻译成表示与说话人愿望相反,翻译成“偏要,偏要,硬要,非要硬要,非要”5.注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答:-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?-Ye
21、s,_.No,_.No,_.youmustyouneedntyoudonthaveto-Mustwedoitnow?-No,you_.neednt(donthaveto)【考例考例】Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sowe_gotoworktomorrow.(上海上海2007春春)A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt【点拨点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意考查情态动词。根据题意,可知可知这里表示这里表示“没有必要没有必要”,故只能选故只能选C项。项。【考例考例】Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedpa
22、rents?You_doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.donthavetoB.oughtnttoC.mustntD.cant【点拨点拨】根据题意根据题意“除了和他们呆在一除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外起做你自己外,没有必要做任何事情。没有必要做任何事情。”可知这里选择可知这里选择donthaveto表示表示“不必不必”。故选故选A项。项。【考例考例】-JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy.-She_hertripverymuch.A.mustenjoyB.musthaveenjoyedC.m
23、ayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyed【考例考例】You_returnthebooknow,youcankeepituntilnextweekifyoulike.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.maynot【考例考例】WhereisDad,Mary?He_theflowersinthegarden.A.mustwaterB.mustbewateringC.MusthavewateredD.watered【考例考例】-Whatsthematterwiththemanhanginghisheadthere?-Well.Ifyou_know,hewascaughtstea
24、lingmybike.A.mustB.mayC.canD.shall情态动词表推测用法小结情态动词表推测用法小结情态动词情态动词对现在或将来对现在或将来情况的推测情况的推测对现在或将来对现在或将来正在进行的推正在进行的推测测对过去情况的对过去情况的推测推测肯定推测肯定推测 mustmust+vmust+be doingmust+have done可能推测可能推测may/mightmay/might+v may/might+be doingmay/might+have done否定推测否定推测cant/couldntcant/couldnt+vcant/couldnt+be doingcant/
25、couldnt+have done疑问推测疑问推测can/couldcan/could+vcan/could+be doingcan/could+have done情态动词情态动词+havedone这是历年高考热点之一,这是历年高考热点之一,可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计1.musthavedone“过去肯定已经做了某事过去肯定已经做了某事”eg:Thegroundisratherwet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight.2.may/mighthavedone“可能可能/
26、大概已经做了某事大概已经做了某事”eg:Tommayhavegonetoshanghai,butIstillnotsureaboutit.3.cant/couldnthavedone“不可能已经做了某事不可能已经做了某事”eg:Thegroundisverydry,soitcanthaverainedlastnight注:在疑问句中注:在疑问句中can/could表示对过去情况的疑问性表示对过去情况的疑问性推测,推测,“可能已经可能已经了吗?了吗?”eg:Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom,Whocouldhavedoneit?二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾
27、或责备二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1.should/oughttohavedone“过去本应该做而没做过去本应该做而没做”eg:IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.2.shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone“过去本不应该做的事却做了过去本不应该做的事却做了”eg:ImverysorryforthewordsIshouldnthavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.3.could/mighthavedone“本来能够做的事却没做本来能够做的事却没做”eg:Hecouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.4.neednthavedone“原本不必做的事却做了原本不必做的事却做了”eg:Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyouneednthaveleftinsuchahurry.5.Wouldliketohavedone“本打算做某事但没做成本打算做某事但没做成”eg:Iwouldliketohavecometovisityou,butIhadtolookaftermysickmotherathome.