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1、初中英语特殊句型专题第1页，本讲稿共15页祈使句祈祈使使句句常常常常是是表表达达说说话话人人对对对对方方的的劝劝告告、叮叮嘱嘱、请请求求或命令等。或命令等。Keep off the grass!Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！勿踩草地！Put Put the the boxes boxes in in the the small small room.room.把把那那些些盒盒子子放放到到那个小房间里那个小房间里第2页，本讲稿共15页二.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如：行为动词原形其
2、它成分。例如：Make sentences after the model.Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。根据例句造句。2.Be2.Be动词其它成分动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。过马路时要小心。3.Let3.Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如：宾语动词原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.Let him go back n
3、ow.让他现在回去吧。让他现在回去吧。第3页，本讲稿共15页三.祈使句的否定句式祈祈使使句句的的否否定定句句式式，通通常常情情况况下下在在句句首首加加上上DontDont或或NeverNever，一般分为以下四种类型：，一般分为以下四种类型：1.1.在在祈祈使使句句的的肯肯定定句句式式前前加加DontDont，构构成成DontDont行行为动词原形其它成分。例如：为动词原形其它成分。例如：Dont say that again!Dont say that again!别再那样说了！别再那样说了！2.2.在在BeBe动动词词引引起起的的肯肯定定祈祈使使句句前前加加DontDont，构构成成Don
4、t Dont bebe其其它它成成分分(形形容容词词、名名词词或或介介词词短短语语等等)。例如：例如：Dont be careless.Dont be careless.不要粗心。不要粗心。注注意意：在在这这种种句句型型中中bebe不不能能省省略略；否否定定副副词词notnot不不可可置于置于bebe之后。之后。第4页，本讲稿共15页3.Let3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种DontDont let let me me go go with with her her tomorrow.tomorrow.Let Let me me not not go go w
5、ith with her her tomorrow.tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。不要让我明天跟她一起去。LetsLets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4.4.在在公公共共场场合合的的提提示示语语中中，否否定定祈祈使使句句常常用用NoNo名名词词/V-ing/V-ing形形式式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO PHOTOS!N
6、O PHOTOS!禁止拍照！禁止拍照！第5页，本讲稿共15页感叹句一、感叹句有哪几种格式？一、感叹句有哪几种格式？简简单单地地说说是是“两两型型七七式式”：两两种种句句型型是是以以whatwhat开开头头的的句句型型和和以以howhow开开头头的句型，七种格式是的句型，七种格式是 what+what+（a/ana/an）+adj.+N+S+V+adj.+N+S+V how+adj./adv+S+V how+adj./adv+S+V how+adj.+a/an+N+S+V how+adj.+a/an+N+S+V第6页，本讲稿共15页What What exciting exciting news
7、 news it it is!is!（what what+adj.adj.+N N（可可数名词复数形式）数名词复数形式）+S+V+S+V结构）结构）What What good good teachers teachers they they are!are!（what what+adj.adj.+N N（可数名词复数形式）（可数名词复数形式）+S+V+S+V结构）结构）How How warmly warmly they they are are discussing!discussing!（how how+adv.adv.+S+VS+V结构）结构）How How beautiful bea
8、utiful a a picture picture it it isis！（how how+adj.adj.+a/an+N+S+V a/an+N+S+V 结构）结构）第7页，本讲稿共15页如何确定使用what还是使用how？当当我我们们做做句句型型变变换换或或选选择择题题时时需需要要自自己己确确定定到到底底是是用用whatwhat还还是是用用howhow，一一般般可可以以这这样样来来确确定定：位位于于主主语语之之前前的的是是名名词词短短语语时时用用whatwhat，是是形形容容词词或或副副词词短短语语时时用用howhow。但但这这种种格格式式例例外外:how how+adj.+a/an+Na
9、dj.+a/an+NWhat a cool bike you are riding!What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike a cool bike 名词短语）名词短语）How fast he is riding!How fast he is riding!（fast fast 副词）副词）How cool a bike you are riding!How cool a bike you are riding!（how+adj.+a/an+Nhow+adj.+a/an+N）第8页，本讲稿共15页以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转
10、换？这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:1.1.含含有有“a/a/an an+adj.adj.+N N”结结构构的的句句子子方方法法是是把把形形容容词词单单独独抽抽出出来放在名词短语的前面和来放在名词短语的前面和howhow搭配使用。搭配使用。2.2.名名词词短短语语作作主主语语而而表表语语是是形形容容词词的的句句子子方方法法是是把把主主语语当当作作“a/an+adj.+N”a/an+adj.+N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。What What an an expensive expensiv
11、e glass glass he he broke!broke!How How expensive expensive a a glass he broke!glass he broke!How How beautiful beautiful the the birds birds are!are!what what beautiful beautiful birds birds they are!they are!第9页，本讲稿共15页在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略？常常常常省省略略的的是是充充当当主主语语的的人人称称代代词词和和动词动词bebe。What What a a naughty na
12、ughty boy!boy!（省省略略了了he he isis）第10页，本讲稿共15页There be句型的用法一一、构构成成：There There be be.句句型型表表示示的的是是 “某某处处有有(存存在在)某某人人或或某某物物”，其其结结构构为为There There be(isbe(is，areare，was,was,were were )+)+名名词词+地地点点状状语语。例如：例如：There are fifty-two students in our class.There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a penc
13、il in my pencil-case.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.There was an old house by the river five years ago.第11页，本讲稿共15页各种句式：否否定定句句：There There bebe句句型型否否定定句句式式的的构构成成和和含含有有bebe动动词词的的其其它它句句型型一一样样，在在bebe后后加加上上“not”not”。也也可可用用“no”no”来表示。来表示。There is an
14、 orange in her bag.There is an orange in her bag.There isnt an orange in her bag.There isnt an orange in her bag.There is no orange in her bag.There is no orange in her bag.第12页，本讲稿共15页There are some oranges in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.There arent any oranges in her bag.There arent
15、any oranges in her bag.There are no oranges in her bag.There are no oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.There is some juice in the bottle.There isnt any juice in the bottle.There isnt any juice in the bottle.There is no juice in the bottle.There is no juice in the bottle.第13页，本讲稿共15
16、页一一般般疑疑问问句句：There There bebe结结构构的的一一般般疑疑问问句句变变化化只只需需把把bebe动动词词移移到到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：There is some money in her handbag.There is some money in her handbag.Is Is there there any any money money in in her her handbag?handbag?(疑疑问问句句和和否否定定句句中中，somesome改为改为any,somethingany,something改为改为an
17、ything.)anything.)第14页，本讲稿共15页注意事项1.There be1.There be句型中句型中bebe动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，bebe动词用动词用“is”“was”is”“was”。例如：。例如：There is a basketball in the box.There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.There
18、 is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主语是复数名词，如果句子的主语是复数名词，bebe动词就用动词就用“are”“were”are”“were”。例如：。例如：There are many birds in the tree.There are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.There were many people in the street yesterday.如如果果有有两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的名名词词作作主主语语，bebe动动词词要要和和最最靠靠近近它它的的那那个个主主语语在在数数上上保保持持一一致致，也也就就是是我们常说的我们常说的“就近原则就近原则”。例如：。例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.第15页，本讲稿共15页