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1、天然气及其组分的物理化学性质天然气的主要成分为甲烷,此外还含有乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等烃类气体,氮、CO2、H2S及微量氢、氦、氩等非烃类气体,一般气藏天然气的甲烷含量在90%以上。油田伴生气中甲烷含量占65%80%,此外还含有相当数量的乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等烃类气体。一、天然气主要组分的物理化学性质天然气主要组分的物理化学性质见表1-3-1。表1-3-1 天然气主要组分在标准状态下的物理化学性质名称分子式相对分子质量摩尔体积Vm/(m3/kmol)气体常数R(J/kgK)密度/(kg/m3)临界温度Tc/K临界压力Pc/MPa高热值Hh/(MJ/m3)高热值Hh/(MJ/kg)低热值H1/(MJ/m3
2、)甲烷CH416.04322.362518.750.7174190.584.54439.84235.906乙烷C2H630.0722.187276.641.3553305.424.81670.35155.36764.397丙烷C3H844.09721.936188.652.0102369.824.194101.26651.90893.240正丁烷n- C4H1058.12421.504143.1302.703425.183.747133.88650.376123.649异丁烷i-C4H1058.12421.598143.132.6912408.143.600133.04849.532122.8
3、53正戊烷C15H1272.15120.891115.273.453746.9653.325169.37749.438156.733氢H22.01622.427412.67O.089833.251.28012.74549.04210.786氧O231.99922.392259.971.4289154.334.971141.926氮N223.01322.403296.951.2507125.973.349氦He3.01622.42281.170.13453.350.118二氧化磺CO244.01022.26189.041.9768304.257.290硫化氢H2S34.07622.18244.1
4、71.5392373.558.89025.36423.383空气28.06622.40287.241.2931132.43.72516.488水蒸气H2O18.01521.629461.760.8330647.0021.830名称低热值H1/(MJ/kg)爆炸极限(体积分数)/%动力黏度106/(Pas)运动黏度106/(m2/s)沸点/定压比热容Cp/(kJ/m3K)绝热指数K导热系数/W/(mK)偏心因子上限下限甲烷5.015.010.6014.50-161.491.5451.3090.030240.0104乙烷50.052.913.08.776.41-88.002.2441.1980.0
5、18610.0986丙烷47.5152.19.57.653.81-42.052.9601.1610.015120.1524正丁烷46.3831.58.56.972.53-0.053.7101.1440.013490.2010异丁烷45.7451.88.5-11.721.1440.1848正戊烷45.651.48.36.481.8536.061.1210.2539氢45.3814.075.98.5293.00-252.751.2981.4070.21630氧120.11119.8613.60-182.981.3151.4000.02500.0213氮17.0013.30-195.781.3021
6、.4020.024890.04氦-269.951.640二氧化碳14.307.09-78.200.6201.3040.013720.225硫化氢4.345.511.907.63-60.201.5571.3200.013140.100空气15.19217.5013.40-192.501.3061.4010.02489水蒸气8.6010.121.4911.3350.016170.3480二、天然气中有机硫化合物的主要性质天然气中除含有H2S外,还含有数量不等的硫醇、硫醚以及微量的二硫化碳、硫化羰。有机硫化物多数具有特殊的臭味,只要有很少量存在就能凭嗅觉察到。因此,甲硫醇和噻吩被用作为天然气加臭剂,当输配气管道发生泄漏时能够及时察觉。