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1、Unit 10 单元语法特殊疑问句&一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时.特殊疑问句的用法1.概念：以疑问词(组)开头，对陈述句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答时针对疑问词（组）进行回答，不能用yes或no回答。朗读时通常用降调。2.疑问词(组)的分类：常见的疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。(疑问词简记为：8个W 1个H) 疑问代词有：who，whom，whose，which，what 等； 疑问副词有：when，where，why，how等。 常见的疑问词组有：what time 什么时间；what color 什么颜色；how long 多长；how many 多少，提问可数名词的数量；
2、how soon 多久；how much 多少钱，多少，提问不可数名词的数量；how often 多久一次；how far 多远；how old 多少岁等。3.特殊疑问句的结构： 倒装结构：疑问词+一般疑问句(语序)?例：Where did you go yesterday? 昨天你去哪儿了? 陈述语序：疑问词+谓语+宾语/状语?例：Who wants to help me? 谁想帮我?4.就画线部分提问（画线部分是主语的除外）简记为“一选二改三调”：一选指根据画线部分选择合适的疑问词；二改指去掉画线部分把剩下的部分改为一般疑问句；三调指调整句子语序，即“疑问词+一般疑问句(语序)”。.一般现
3、在时、一般过去时和一般将来时.一般现在时的用法1.含义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作或当前存在的状态2.句式结构：(1)肯定句 be型：主语+am/is/are+其他. 实义动词型：主语+实义动词原形或第三人称单数形式+其他.(2)否定句 be型：主语+am/is/are+not+其他. 实义动词型：主语+dont/doesnt+实义动词原形+其他. (3)一般疑问句 be型：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他? 实义动词型：Do/Does+主语+实义动词原形+其他?3.标志词语：sometimes 有时，often 经常，usually 通常，always 总是，once a week 一周一次，e
4、very day/week/ year 每天/周/年 等4.动词第三人称单数形式的规则变化一般情况直接在词尾加-s；以o，s，x，sh，ch结尾的动词加-es；以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es。例：Im a teacher. 我是一名教师。Is your school beautiful? 你的学校漂亮吗?I usually get up at5:00 in the morning. 我通常早上5点起床。What do you usually do at the weekend? 周末你通常做什么?I dont go with you now. 现在我不和你一起去。.一般过去
5、时的用法1.含义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2.句式结构：(1)含有be动词的一般过去时句式 肯定句：主语+be(was / were)+其他. 否定句：主语+be(was / were)+not+其他. 一般疑问句：Be（Was / Were）+主语+其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+was/were. 在该结构中，be动词有人称和数的变化：根据主语选用was(单数) / were(复数) 【am/iswas；arewere】例：I was tired yesterday. I wasnt/was not tired yesterday. -W
6、ere you tired yesterday?-Yes, I was./ No, I wasnt.(2)含有实义动词的一般过去时 肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他. 否定句：主语+didnt/did not+动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答：No, 主语+didnt.例：I finished my homework last night. I didnt finish my homework last night.-Did you finish your homework last night?-Yes, I did.
7、 / No, I didnt. do / doesdid Did & didnt是构成一般过去时的助动词，跟在其后的动词 需要使用原形。(3)含有情态动词的一般过去时句式 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+其他. 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+do+其他. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+do+其他?肯定回答： 否定回答： 例：I could help you last night. I could not/couldnt help you last night.Could you help me last night? 常见情态动贺词及其过去式：cancould； maymight；
8、willwould； mustmust；shouldshould(4)特殊疑问句式的一般过去时态结构 特殊疑问句是对句中某一部分提出疑问的问句，其构成多为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。但是，当疑问词在句中作主语时，特殊疑问句的语序则用陈述语序。 特殊疑问句的回答不用Yes或No。 特殊疑问词+陈述语序：作主语时，特殊疑问词后的语序是陈述语序。 例：She won the first prize in the competition. 她赢得了比赛的一等奖。Who won the first prize in the competition? 谁赢得了比赛的一等奖?格式结构例句特殊疑问词+be（w
9、as/were）+主语+其他?What was your homework last night?特殊疑问词+情态动词过去式+主语+其他?What could she do to help you last night?特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?What did you do last night?.一般将来时1.基本概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态2.一般将来时的形式：(1)will 常简略为 “l1”，并与主语连写在一起；例：Ill, hell, itll, well, youll, theyll。 一般疑问句如果用“ W
10、ill you.？”，其简略答语则是“Yes, I will.”或“No, I will not.”。 如果用“Shall you.？”，其简略答语则是“Yes, I shall.”或“No, I shall not.”。(2)be going to结构 be going to+动词原形 是一般将来时的一种形式，表示即将、将要或打算做某事，be随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 表示主语的意图、计划或打算，所表达的动作基本上会实现。例：We are going to have a football match next Sunday.下周日我们打算举行一场足球比赛。 表示主语根据当前的情况所做出的
11、预测；指即将发生或肯定要发生的事，常用于“ Im sure”，“Im afraid”或“ I think”等之后。例：Look at the dark clouds! Im afraid its going to rain!看那些乌云!恐怕马上就要下雨了！ 句子结构 肯定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+ going+to+动词原形+其他。例：They are going to play volleyball. 他们打算打排球。 否定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+not+ going+to+动词原形十其他。例：We arent going to play volleyball. 我
12、们不打算打排球。 一般疑问句：Be（Am/ls/Are）+主语+ going+to+动词原形+其他？例：Is he going to play volleyball? 他打算打排球吗 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be（am/is/are）+主语+ going+to+动词原形+其他？例：Whats he going to do this weekend?这个周末他打算做什么？3.一般将来时的用法 表示将来的动作或状态。一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，例：tomorrow 明天， next week 下周， in the future 将来 等。 表示将来经常发生的动作。4.一般将来时的其他
13、用法go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive, stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。例：Im leaving for Beijing. 我要动身去北京。语法专练单项选择1.-Whats your plan for the new term？ -I a foreign language.A. will be learnB.am going to learn aC learningD learn2. you football? I want to go with you.A. Did；playB.Are；going to playC. Do；
14、playD.Does；play3.There an exam tomorrow.A.is going to B.is going to beC.is going D.is going to have4.What are you going to do ？A.nowB.last SundayC.at the momentD.next year5.The students basketball after school this afternoon because they are busy.A.is going to playB.arent going to playC.playD.dont p
15、lay6.Im going to a new hobby. I want to learn how to take photos.A.take downB.take upC.turn downD.turn on7.There a talk show on CCTV-3 at eight this evening.A.is going to beB.is going toC.have will haveD.is8.Hes going to practice basketball every day.A. playB. to playC. playingD. playing the9.There
16、a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.A.is going to beB.will haveC.are going to beD.is going to have10.When is Amy going to ?A.startB.startsC.startingD.started11.How your parents weekend?A.areB.wereC.wasD.do12.Did you lunch at school?A.haveB.hadC.ateD.got13.What you dur
17、ing the vacation? A.did；didB.do；didC.did；doD.do；does14.-Where did you go on weekends? -I to the zoo.A.goB.wentC.goesD.going15.-Who went to the beach? -Lisa .A.doB.doesC.didD.was16.- did you do on Sunday, Kate? -I watched TV.A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.Where17.There a basketball match on TV yesterday evening.
18、A.haveB.hadC.isD.was18. he piano yesterday?A.Did；practiceB.Did；practicedC.Does；practiceD.Does；practices19. Sunday evening my mother watched TV. She a talk show.A.In；sawB.On；sawC.On；seeD.In；see20.- you to Nanhu Park a week ago?-Yes. We had a good time there.A.Do；goB.Did；wentC.Did；goD.Does；go21.Mary w
19、ith her friends on Sunday morning.A.play the guitarB.played guitarC.played the guitarD.play guitar22.I Guangdong food just now. A.haveB.hadC.hasD.having23.-When did you go to the mountain? - .A.Last SundayB.In two weeksC.TomorrowD.Next week24.-What you do last Sunday? -I to the cinema. A.do；goB.did；
20、goC.did；wentD.does；go25.We shopping next Sunday.A. dont goB. arent go C.going toD. wont go26.There more free time for us in the future.A.isB.will haveC.areD.will be27.The girl to work out the problem.A. will try B. tryC. going to tryD. will to try28.He in three days.A.coming backB.came backC.will co
21、me backD.is going to coming back29.There a book sale in our school next monthA.will beB.will haveC.wasD.has30.People never know what in 100 years A.happenB.will happenC.happenedD.will be happened31.There a soccer game next Saturday. Would you like to watch it？ A.is going to haveB.is going to beC.has
22、D.was32.-Will there be more tall buildings in 50 years？ - . A.No, they arentB.No, there wontC.No, there isntD.No, they wont33.Mr. Liu usually to work, but next week he to workA.walks；drivesB.will walk；will driveC.walks；will driveD.will walk；drives34.-Did you call Jenny？ -Oh no, I forgot. I her right away A.calledB.have calledC.callD.will call