OSPF单区域基本配置.doc

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1、【实验名称】OSPF单区域基本配置【实验目的】掌握在路由器上配置OSPF单区域。【背景描述】假设校园网通过1台三层交换机连到校园网出口路由器，路由器再和校园外的另1台路由器连接，现做适当配置，实现校园网内部主机与校园网外部主机的相互通信。本实验以两台R1762路由器、1台三层交换机为例。S3550上划分有VLAN10和VLAN50，其中VLAN10用于连接Router1，VLAN50用于连接校园网主机。路由器分别命名为Router1和Router2，路由器之间通过串口采用V35 DCE/DTE电缆连接，DCE端连接到Router1（R1762）上。PC1的IP地址和缺省网关分别为172.16.

2、5.11和172.16.5.1，PC2的IP地址和缺省网关分别为172.16.3.22和172.16.3.1，网络掩码都是255.255.255.0。【技术原理】OSPF（Open Shortest Path First，开放式最短路径优先）协议，是目前网络中应用最广泛的路由协议之一。属于内部网关路由协议，能够适应各种规模的网络环境，是典型的链路状态（link-state）协议。OSPF路由协议通过向全网扩散本设备的链路状态信息，使网络中每台设备最终同步一个具有全网链路状态的数据库（LSDB），然后路由器采用SPF算法，以自己为根，计算到达其他网络的最短路径，最终形成全网路由信息。OSPF属于

3、无类路由协议，支持VLSM（变长子网掩码）。OSPF是以组播的形式进行链路状态的通告的。在大模型的网络环境中，OSPF支持区域的划分，将网络进行合理规划。划分区域时必须存在area0（骨干区域）。其他区域和骨干区域直接相连，或通过虚链路的方式连接。【实现功能】实现网络的互连互通，从而实现信息的共享和传递。【实验设备】S3550（1台）、R1762路由器（两台）、V35线缆（1根）、交叉线或直连线（1条）【实验拓扑】 注：路由器和主机直连时，需要使用交叉线，在R1762的以太网接口支持MDI/MDIX，使用直连线也可以连通。R1的S1/2为DCE接口。【实验步骤】步骤25. 基本配置。三层交换机

4、基本配置switch#configure terminalswitch(config)#hostname s3550S3550(config)#vlan 10S3550(config-vlan)#exitS3550(config)#vlan 50S3550(config-vlan)#exitS3550(config)#interface f0/1S3550(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10S3550(config-if)#exitS3550(config)#interface f0/5S3550(config-if)#switchport access

5、vlan 50S3550(config-if)#exitS3550(config)#interface vlan 10 !创建VLAN虚接口，并配置IPS3550(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0S3550(config-if)#no shutdownS3550(config-if)#exitS3550(config)#interface vlan 50 !创建VLAN虚接口，并配置IPS3550(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0S3550(config-if)#no shu

6、tdownS3550(config-if)#exit步骤26. 验证测试：S3550#show vlanVLAN Name Status Ports-1 default active Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/6 ,Fa0/7 Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 ,Fa0/10 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16 Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19 Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22 Fa0/23,Fa0/2410 vlan10 active Fa0/150 vlan50 active Fa0/5S3550#show ip

7、 interfaceInterface : VL10Description : Vlan 10OperStatus : UPManagementStatus : EnabledPrimary Internet address: 172.16.1.1/24Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255PhysAddress : 00d0.f8ff.8ab5Interface : VL50Description : Vlan 50OperStatus : UPManagementStatus : EnabledPrimary Internet address: 172.16

8、.5.1/24Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255PhysAddress : 00d0.f8ff.8ab6路由器基本配置Router1(config)# interface fastethernet 1/0Router1(config-if)# ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0Router1(config-if)# no shutdownRouter1(config-if)#exitRouter1(config)# interface serial 1/2Router1(config-if)# ip address 172

9、.16.2.1 255.255.255.0Router1(config-if)# clock rate 64000Router1(config-if)# no shutdownRouter2(config)# interface fastethernet 1/0Router2(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0Router2(config-if)# no shutdownRouter2(config-if)#exitRouter2(config)# interface serial 1/2Router2(config-if)# ip

10、address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0Router2(config-if)# no shutdown验证测试：验证路由器接口的配置和状态。Router1#show ip interface briefInterface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Statusserial 1/2 172.16.2.1/24 YES UPserial 1/3 no address YES DOWNFastEthernet 1/0 172.16.1.1/24 YES UPFastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWNNull 0 no address

11、 YES UPRouter2#show ip interface briefInterface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Statusserial 1/2 172.16.2.2/24 YES UPserial 1/3 no address YES DOWNFastEthernet 1/0 172.16.3.2/24 YES UPFastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWNNull 0 no address YES UP步骤27. 配置OSPF路由协议。S3550配置OSPF步骤28. S3550(config)#router ospf !开启OSPF路

12、由协议进程S3550(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! 申请直连网段信息，并分配区域号S3550(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0S3550(config-router)#endRouter1配置OSPFRouter1(config)# router ospfRouter1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0

13、0.0.0.255 area 0Router1(config-router)#endRouter2配置OSPFRouter2(config)#router ospfRouter2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router2(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router2(config-router)#end步骤29. 查看验证三台路由设备的路由表，查看是否自动学习了其他网段的路由信息。S3550#show ip routeType: C - connect

14、ed, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2Type Destination IP Next hop Interface Distance Metric Status-C 172.16.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL10 0 0 ActiveO 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.1.1 V

15、L10 110 51 ActiveO 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.1.1 VL10 110 52 ActiveC 172.16.5.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL50 0 0 ActiveRouter1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF exter

16、nal type 2 * - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, serial 1/2C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 1/0C 172.16.1.1/32 is local host.C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2C 172.16.2.1/32 is local host.O 172.16.5.0/24 110/51 vi

17、a 172.16.1.2, 00:00:01, FastEthernet 1/0O 172.16.3.0/24 110/51 via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:21, serial 1/2Router2# show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF extern

18、al type 2 * - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, serial 1/2O 172.16.1.0/24 110/51 via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:03, serial 1/2C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2C 172.16.2.2/32 is local host.O 172.16.5.0/24 110/52 via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:03, ser

19、ial 1/2步骤30. 测试网络的连通性。C:ping 172.16.3.22 !从PC1 ping PC2【注意事项】1、在串口上配置时钟频率时，一定要在电缆DCE端的路由器上配置，否则链路不通。2、在申明直连网段时，注意要写该网段的反掩码。3、在申明直连网段时，必须指明所属的区域。【参考配置】S3550# show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 383 bytes!version 1.0!hostname s3550vlan 1vlan 10vlan 50!interface FastEthern

20、et 0/1switchport access vlan 10!interface FastEthernet 0/5switchport access vlan 50!interface Vlan 10ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0interface Vlan 50ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0!router ospfarea 0.0.0.0network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0!endro

21、uter1#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 569 bytes!version 8.32(building 53)hostname router1interface serial 1/2ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0clock rate 64000interface serial 1/3clock rate 64000!interface FastEthernet 1/0ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0duplex a

22、utospeed auto!interface FastEthernet 1/1duplex autospeed auto!interface Null 0!router ospfnetwork 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0!line con 0line aux 0line vty 0 4login!endrouter2#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 561 bytes!ve

23、rsion 8.32(building 53)hostname router2interface serial 1/2ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0interface serial 1/3clock rate 64000!interface FastEthernet 1/0ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0duplex autospeed auto!interface FastEthernet 1/1duplex autospeed autoshutdown!interface Null 0!router ospfnetwork 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.0!line con 0line aux 0line vty 0 4login!end