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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！ Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如：Mak
2、e sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。2. Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3.Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 Let me have a rest. 让我休息一会儿吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如：
3、Dont say that again!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加not。例如:Dont let me go with her tomorrow.Let me not
4、go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。 4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO Photos!禁止拍照！ No Entry禁止入内! No Passing禁止通行! No Smoking禁止吸烟!四.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀
5、请、劝说时，用won t you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？ Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如:Let the boy go first, will yo
6、u?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？五.祈使句的应答句祈使句的动作是未发生的动作,常用I will.来回答其肯定式,表示愿意接受请求或命令,用I wont.来回答其否定式。另外,常用All right. / OK. / Yes, lets. / A good idea.等来回答Lets.句式,表示接受建议;用You may. / You can.等来回答Let us.句式,表示允许或同意。六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列
7、连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。考查祈使句(或名词词组)+ and(或or)+ 简单句这一固定句型。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。 Hurry up, or well be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的
8、话，叫他给我来个电话。八.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:Do shut up!快住口！ Do be careful. 务请小心。 Do come on time. 务必请准时来。九.运用祈使句的误区1、祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。例如：_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having chec
9、ked B. Check C. If you check D. To check析：如果空白处选填B(Check)项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项(分词或不定式)，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。 2. 考查祈使句型与非谓语动词作状语的辨别能力注意标点符号(如破折号)的功能，牢记常见祈使句的结构，排除非谓语动词的干扰(非谓语动词提前作状语，常用逗号与后面分开，表示时间、原因、条件、目的等)。原题再现 答案: AIve never seen any
10、one run so fast - _David go.A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched【指点迷津】肯定结构的祈使句常以谓语动词原形开头。否定结构的祈使句常在谓语动词原形前加上Never或Dont。以let引导的祈使句结构，有以下几种情况：1.“Let me+动词原形”，意为“请让我”。2.“Lets +动词原形”，意为“让我们”，表示建议或请求。3.“Let+第三人称作宾语+动词原形”，意为“让”，表示愿望、命令或允许。在开头的动词原形前加Do（务必）或Always（永远），表示强调。
11、如： Do write to us often! 务必经常给我们写信。一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Lar
12、ry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.二、选择最佳答案填空：( )1. If you are tired, _ a rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had(
13、)2. _ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let B. let do C. Doing let D. To do let( )3. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. To not D. Not to( )4. If you want to stay, let me know, _? A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we( )5. Never come late again, _? A. will you B. wont C.
14、do you D. does he( )6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train. A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got( )7. _ in the street. Its dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Dont play D. Dont to play( )8. Please _ me some money, will you? A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend( )9. The film is ab
15、out to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B.are C. is D. being( )10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept( )11.Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No( )12. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure( )13._ w
16、hen you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful( )14. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling( )15. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read( )16. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to
17、worry about B Dont worry about C Not worry for D Dont worry with( )17.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to( )18 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to D.why dont( ) 19 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )20.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B dont C arent D cant答案1 Dont be 2 dont make 3 dont speak be 4 dont talk read 5 dont leave 6 look 7 give 8 dont let 9 will catch 10 not say1-5 AABAA 6-10 BCAAA11-15BDCAB16-20BCBDB专心-专注-专业