(3.2.1)--1_03-2维摩诘经.pdf

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1、CC hh aa pp tt ee rr 33:CC hh aa nn gg aa nnaa nn ddCC hh ii nn ee ss eeBB uu dd dd hh ii ss tt SS cc rr ii pp tt uu rr ee ssSS ee cc tt ii oo nn22:LL ii tt ee rr aa tt ii ss MMoo dd ee ll oo ff II dd ee aa ll LL ii ff eeVV ii mmaa ll aa kk ii rr tt ii SS uu tt rr aaV i ma l a k i r t i S u t r as f

2、 u l l n a mei sV i ma l a k r t i n i r d e a-s t r a,a l s oc a l l e dJ i n g mi n gS u t r a.I ti saMa h a y a n as u t r ao f B u d d h i s m,t r a n s l a t e db yMa s t e r K u m r a j v ai n4 0 6A.Di nt h ee i g h t hy e a r o f Q i n h o n gi nl a t e r Q i n gD y n a s t yi nC a o t a n gT

3、 e mp l e,w h i c hh a s3v o l u me sa n d1 4a r t i c l e s.V i ma l a k i r t i S u t r ai so n eo f t h eS c r i t p t u r e si nt h ep e r i o do f Ma h a y a n aB u d d h i s m i nI n d i a,a n di t h a s7e d i t i o n so f t r a n s l a t i o na n dma n yn o t e si nC h i n a.B u t t h emo s t

4、 p o p u l a rv e r s i o ni s t h ee d i t i o no f Ma s t e r K u m r a j v a s.VV ii mmaa ll aa kk ii rr tt ii LL aa yy BB uu dd dd hh ii ss ttI nB u d d h i s t s c r i p t u r e s,t h e r ei sal a yB u d d h i s t c a l l e dV i ma l a k i r t i i nV a i s h a l i C i t y.H ei sv e r yr i c h,i

5、 n t e l l i g e n t a n da c c e s s i b l e,t a l e n t i nMa h a y a n aB u d d h i s m a n di si nu n h i n d e r e dk n o w l e d g eo f e l o q u e n c e.O n ed a y,h ep r e t e n d st ob es i c k,t h e nB u d d h al e t st h ew i s e s tMa n j u s r it ov i s i th i m.T a k i n gt h i s o p p

6、 o r t u n i t y,V i ma l a k i r t i a n dMa n j u s r i d i s c u s st h et h e o r yo fB u d d h i s m t o g e t h e r.T h ec o n t e n to fd i s c u s s i o nb e c o me s t h i s S c r i p t u r e.A c c o r d i n gt oB u d d h i s t t r a d i t i o n,o n l ywh a t B u d d h as a y sc a nb ec a l

7、 l e dS c r i p t u r e s.B u tV i ma l a k i r t i i sj u s t al a yB u d d h i s t,h o wc a nwh a t h es a i db ec a l l e dS c r i p t u r e s?I t t u r n so u tt h a t V i ma l a k i r i h a s a l r e a d y b e c o meaB u d d h ai nh i s p a s t l i f e.H eh a s a t t a i n e dB u d d h a h o o

8、d,a n dh i sn a mei sJ i n s uT a t h a g a t a.I nt h i sl i f e,h eb e c o me sal a yB u d d h i s ta n dh e l p sS a k y a mu n i t ot r a n s f o r m a l l l i v i n gb e i n g s.S owh a t h es a i di sf u l l yq u a l i f i e dt ob ec a l l e dS c r i p t u r e s.I nV i ma l a k i r t i S u t r

9、 a,t h e r ea r eas e r i e so f p r o p o s i t i o n st h a t h a v eg r e a t i n f l u e n c eo nC h i n e s eB u d d h i s ma n dl i t e r a t u r e.AAFF ee mmaa ll eeDD ee vv aaSS cc aa tt tt ee rr ss FF ll oo wwee rr ssT h e r ei sas t o r yc a l l e dAF e ma l eD e v aS c a t t e r sF l o we

10、 r si nV i ma l a k i r t i S u t r a,wh i c hi swi d e l y k n o wn.Wh a t i s t h i s s t o r ya b o u t?I t s a b o u t Ma n j u s r i B o d h i s a t t v a,3 2g r e a t b o d h i s a t t v a s a n dt h ed i s c i p l e sb r o u g h tb yB o d h i s a t t v a s,wh o d i s c u s sB u d d h aD h a r

11、 map a s s i o n a t e l yi nV i ma l a k i r t i sa b b o t r o o m.H e r ec o me saf e ma l ed e v ai nt h et o po f t h i sr o o m,s c a t t e r i n gp e t a l s i nd i f f e r e n t c o l o r s.S c r i p t u r e s s a y s，TT hh ee rr eeiiss aaff ee mmaa lleedd ee vv aaiinnVV iimmaa llaa kk iirr

12、tt ii ssaa bb bb oo tt rr oo oo mm.SS hh eess hh oo ww ss uu ppww hh ee nnss hh eehh ee aa rr sstt hh oo ss eepp ee oo pp lleedd iiss cc uu ss ss iinn ggBB uu dd dd hh aaDD hh aa rr mmaa.AA nn ddss hh eess cc aa tt tt ee rr sspp ee tt aa llssiinndd iiff ff ee rr ee nn tt cc oo lloo rr ss.WWhh ee nnp

13、p ee tt aa llss ff aa llll oo nnBB oo dd hh iiss aa tt tt vv aa,tt hh ee yy aa rr eeff aa lllliinn gg;ww hh ee nnff aa lllliinn ggoo nnee lldd ee ss tt dd iiss cc iipp llee ss,tt hh ee yy aa rr eess tt iillll.(VV iimmaa llaa kk iirr tt ii SS uu tt rr aa vv iiee wwaa llll lliivv iinn ggcc rr ee aa tt

14、 uu rr ee ss aa rr tt iicc llee)P e t a l sa r ef a l l i n gf r o m t h ea i r,wh e nt h e yf a l l o nt h ec l o t h e so f B o d h i s a t t v a s,n a t u r a l l y,t h e ys l i d ed o wn.H o w e v e r,w h e nt h e yc o met ot h ed i s c i p l e so f B o d h i s a t t v a,t h e ys t i c k st ot h

15、 e mt i g h t l y.Wh a t sg o i n go n?T h er e a s o ni st h a t t h e r ei sn o t h i n gi nt h eh e a r t o f B o d h i s a t t v a.Wh e ny o ur e a l i z eS u n y a t a,y o uwi l l n o ts t i c kt oa n y t h i n g.H o w a b o u tt h e s ed i s c i p l e s?P a r t i n gr i s e si nt h e i r h e a

16、 r t s,s ot h e ys t i c kt ot h et o u c ho f v o i c e,c o l o r a n df r a g r a n c e,a n dt h es u p e r f i c i e s.T h e yt h i n k,“t h e s ef l o we r sa r et o ob e a u t i f u l t ot o u c ht h e m b e c a u s eo fB u d d h i s t c o mma n d me n t s.H o wc a nweg e t t h e s et h i n g s

17、 t os t i c kt ou s?N owa y,n owa y.”T h e nt h e yt r yt of i n daw a yt os h a k et h ef l o we r so f f t h e i r c l o t h e s.B u t n oma t t e r wh a t t h e yd o,t h e y c a n ts h a k e t h e m o f fe v e n w i t h ma g i c.Wh y?T h i s i s b e c a u s e o fp e r s i s t e n c e.T h e s et w

18、or e a l ms a r ed i f f e r e n t,a n dt h eg o o da n db a dc a nb ej u d g e dq u i c k l y.A f t e r s h es c a t t e r i n gf l o w e r s,weh a v et e s t e dt h el e v e l o f wi s d o m a n ds t a t eb e t we e nt h eg r e a t B o d h i s a t t v a s a n dt h e i r d i s c i p l e s i s d i f

19、 f e r e n t.J i a o r a n,amo n ki nT a n gD y n a s t y,w r i t e sap o e m wh e nh ewa so f f e r e dl o v eb yaT a o i s t w o ma n,“TT hh eeff ee mmaa lleedd ee vv aacc oo mmee sstt oott ee ss tt mmeeww iitt hhff aa lllliinn ggff lloo ww ee rr ss,bb uu tt tt hh ee rr eeiissnn ooff lluu cc tt uu

20、 aa tt iioo nniinnmmyy hh ee aa rr tt,ss ooII rr ee tt uu rr nntt hh ee ss eeff lloo ww ee rr ss bb aa cc kk.”(TT ooaa nn ss ww ee rr LL ii JJ iillaa nn)I t h a sa l r e a d y s e e nt h r o u g ht h ewh o l ewo r l d.TT hh eeOO nn eeaa nn ddOO nn ll yy WWaa yyS e n g z h a oh a sme n t i o n e dt h

21、 i si nT h en o t e so fV i ma l a k r t i n i r d e a-s t r a,TT hh eeuu lltt iimmaa tt eeoo ff BB uu dd dd hh iiss mmiiss tt hh eeOO nn eeaa nn ddOO nn llyy WWaa yy.I t me a n st h eu l t i ma t eo f B u d d h i s m d e s c r i b e di nt h eS c r i p t u r e si st h eO n ea n dO n l yWa y.T h eO n

22、 ea n dO n l yWa yi sa ni mp o r t a n t p a r t b e i n gme n t i o n e di nV i ma l a k i r t i S u t r a.I ts a y s,a f t e r3 2 B o d h i s a t t v a d i s c u s s i n g wh a tw a st h e o n e a n d o n l y wa y,Ma n j u s r iB o d h i s a t t v aa l s oa s k e dV i ma l a k i r t i a b o u t i

23、t.B u t V i ma l a k i r t idd iidd nn tt ss aa yyaaww oo rr dd,a n dk e p t s i l e n t f o r al o n gt i mew i t h o u t s a y i n ga n y t h i n g.Ma n j u s r i u n d e r s t o o d h i s me a n i n g,a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s a d mi r a t i o n f o rV i ma l a k i r t i.H ep r a i s e dV i m

24、a l a k i r t i a n ds a i d,“GG oo oo dd!BB ee yy oo nn ddaa nn yyww oo rr dd,iitt iisstt hh eerr ee aa llmmee aa nn iinn ggoo ff TT hh eeOO nn eeaa nn ddOO nn llyyWWaa yy!”(VV iimmaa llaa kk iirr tt ii SS uu tt rr aa TT ooEE nn tt ee rr OO nn eeaa nn ddOO nn llyyWWaa yy aa rr tt iicc llee)I t h a

25、s a l r e a d y b e y o n dt h el e v e l o f e x p r e s s i o n s.T h e nw h a t st h eO n ea n dO n l yWa y?S oc a l l e dE r(l i t e r a l l yt wo),i st h eo p p o s i t ei d e a.B uE r(l i t e r a l l yn ot wo)i st h ei d e ab e y o n do p p o s i t i o n.B uE r F aMe n(l i t e r a l l yn ot wo

26、wa y s)i sb e y o n da l l t h eo p p o s i t ei d e a s,s oa st oe n t e r t h el e v e l o f e n l i g h t e n me n t.Wh a t i st h eme a n i n go ft h eO n ea n dO n l yWa yi nV i ma l a k i r t i S u t r a?I t l i e si ne mp h a s i z i n gt h ec o n s i s t e n c y i nt h ew o r l da n do u t s

27、 i d et h ewo r l d.V i ma l a k i r t i h i ms e l f i sav e r yg o o de x a mp l eo f i t.H ep l a y st h r o u g hl i f e,e n j o y i n gt h es p l e n d o r a n dwe a l t ho f t h ewo r l d.A t t h es a met i meh ei sp r o f i c i e n t i nB u d d h i s m a n df r e ef r o m t h ep o l l u t i o

28、 no f t h ew o r l d.H e sr i c hb u t n o t g r e e d y.T e mp t a t i o ne x i s t sb u t h ed o e sn o t t o u c h.S u c hah i g hl e v e l i st h el i f e s t y l eo f t h eO n ea n dO n l yWa y,w h i c hh a sb r o k e nt h r o u g ht h eg a pb e t w e e nb e c o mi n gamo n ko r n o t a n dt e

29、mp o r a l i t yo r F a r a mi t a.T h eS u t r ao f H u iN e n gs a y s,BB uu dd dd hh aaDD hh aa rr mmaaee xx iiss tt ss iinntt hh eeww oo rr lldd,ss ooiitt cc aa nn tt bb eedd iivv oo rr cc ee ddff rr oo mmrr ee aa lliitt yy.II ff iitt cc aa nn,iitt ww iillll bb eett hh eess aa mmeeaa ss rr ee qq

30、 uu iirr iinn ggrr aa bb bb iitt tt oogg rr oo wwhh oo rr nn ss.T h i s c a nb es e e na s ab r i l l i a n t d i s p l a y o f t h eO n ea n dO n l y Wa y i nb e c o mi n gamo n ko r n o t.V i ma l a k i r t i S u t r aa l s oe mp h a s i z e st h a t b e c o mi n gB o d h i s a t t v ai sn o t o n

31、 l yf o r mo n k sb u t a l s of o r l a y me n.H i n a y a n ab e l i e v e st h a t i f y o uwa n t t oa c h i e v ed r e a ms,y o uh a v et ob e c o meamo n ka n dl i v ea na s c e t i cl i f e.S o,i nMa h a y a n a si n i t i a l s t a g e,l a yB u d d h i s t i st h ema i nc u r r e n t.Mr.R e

32、n J i y u s a y s,“II nnaagg ee nn ee rr aa ll ss ee nn ss ee,tt hh eeaa pp pp ee aa rr aa nn cc eeoo ff VV iimmaa llaa kk iirr tt ii hh aa ssmmaa rr kk ee ddtt hh eecc lliimmaa xxoo ff tt hh eess ee cc uu llaa rr iizz aa tt iioo nnmmoo vv ee mmee nn tt oo ff MMaa hh aa yy aa nn aaBB uu dd dd hh iis

33、s mm.TT hh eebb oo uu nn dd aa rr yybb ee tt ww ee ee nnbb ee cc oo mmiinn ggaammoo nn kk aa nn ddbb ee iinn ggaallaa yy mmaa nn hh aa ssbb ee ee nnee lliimmiinn aa tt ee dd,aa nn dd ee vv ee nn bb ee iinn gg aa llaa yy mmaa nn iiss hh iigg hh ee rrtt hh aa nn bb ee cc oo mmiinn gg aammoo nn kk”(HH

34、iiss tt oo rr yy oo ff CC hh iinn ee ss eeBB uu dd dd hh iiss mm)TT hh eeNN oo rr mmaa ll FF oo rr mmoo ff VV ii mmaa ll aa kk ii rr tt iiWh a tk i n d o fl i f ed o e st h e L a yB u d d h i s tV i ma l a k i r t i,t h ee mb o d i me n to fJ i n s uT a t h a g a t a,l i v e?S c r i p t u r e s s a

35、y,BB ee iinn ggaallaa yyBB uu dd dd hh iiss tt,hh ee ssvv ee rr yyss tt rr iicc tt ww iitt hhtt hh eepp rr ee cc ee pp tt ss.TT hh oo uu gg hhhh aa vv iinn ggaaff aa mmiillyy,hh ee ss pp rr aa cc tt iicc iinn ggSS aa nn ss kk rr iitt.TT hh oo uu gg hhee aa tt iinn gg,hh eett aa kk ee ss tt hh eejjoo

36、 yy oo uu ss oo ff ZZ ee nnaa ssdd ee lliicc iioo uu ssff oo oo dd.TT hh oo uu gg hhrr iicc hh,hh eeww iillllnn oo tttt uurr nniinn tt ooaann ee ww uu pp ss tt aa rr tt.TT hh oo uu gg hhee nn tt ee rr iinn ggtt hh eerr ee dd-lliigg hh tt dd iiss tt rr iicc tt,hh eeiiss tt oopp oo iinn tt oo uu tt tt

37、 hh eedd iiss aa dd vv aa nn tt aa gg eeoo ff dd ee ss iirr eeff oo rr ss ee xxww oo rr kk ee rr ss.(VV iimmaa llaa kk iirr tt ii SS uu tt rr aa)I ts a y s t h a ta l t h o u g h V i ma l a k i r t ii s a l a y B u d d h i s t,h e s v e r y s t r i c twi t h t h ep r e c e p t s.A l t h o u g hh eh

38、a saf a mi l y,h ep r a c t i c e sB h i k k h u s.H et a k e st h ej o y o u so f Z e na sd e l i c i o u sf o o d,a n dd o e sn o t t u r ni n t oan e wu p s t a r t wi t hh i swe a l t h.E n t e r i n gt h er e d-l i g h td i s t r i c t,h i sp u r p o s ei st op o i n t o u t t h ed i s a d v a

39、n t a g eo f d e s i r ef o r s e xw o r k e r s.V i ma l a k i r t iS u t r as a y s,II tt iiss rr aa rr eeff oo rr lloo tt uu ss tt ooss uu rr vv iivv eeiinnff iirr ee,aa nn ddiitt ss tt hh eess aa mmeeaa ss hh aa vv iinn ggdd ee ss iirr eebb uu tttt hh eehh ee aa rr tt iissss tt iillll cc llee aa

40、 nn!Wh a t a na t t r a c t i v ewa yo f l i f ei t i s!Y o uc a nk e e py o u r mi n dc l e a nwh e nw a l k i n gi nt h ew o r l do f mo r t a l s.Y o uc a ne x p e r i e n c et h eh a p p i n e s so f r e n o u n c i n gt h ew o r l dw h i l ee n j o y i n gt h ew o r l d l yh a p p i n e s s.Y o

41、 uc a nh a v eb o t hr e a l i s t i cd e s i r ea n dt r a n s c e n d e n t a l r e a l m.T h i s i s t h eN o r ma l F o r mo f V i ma l a k i r t i.CC hh ii nn ee ss eeSS cc hh oo ll aa rr ss cc oo mmpp ll ee xx oo ff VV ii mmaa ll aa kk ii rr tt iiA s f o r s c h o l a r s,t h eN o r ma l F o r

42、 mo f V i ma l a k i r t i i s a p p e a l i n g.I t s n o t t o omu c ht os a yt h a t V i ma l a k i r t i l i v e si ne v e r yC h i n e s es c h o l a r s h e a r t.F r o m Wa n gWe i a n dB a i J u y i i nT a n gD y n a s t yt oS uS h i,H u a n gT i n g j i a na n dL uY o ui nS o n gD y n a s t

43、 y,e v e nY u a nH a o we ni nJ i nD y n a s t y a n ds oo n.T h e y a l l t a k eV i ma l a k i r i a s amo d e l o f t h e i r i d e a l p e r s o n a l i t y.T h eC o n f u c i a n i s t si n s i s ti ng o i n gi n t ot h es o c i e t y,a n di t sh a r dt or e n o u n c et h ewo r l d.T a o i s t

44、 s t a n d s b yb e i n gn o t i n v o l v e di nt h ema t e r i a l wo r l d,wh i c hme a n s f l o a t i n gi n t ot h er e a l mo f n o t h i n g n e s s,b u t i t s d i f f i c u l t t oc o n n e c t wi t ht h ewo r l d.H o we v e r,t h eN o r ma lF o r m o f V i ma l a k i r t i b r e a k st h

45、et a n g l eb e t we e nC o n f u c i a n i s m a n dT a o i s m,wh i c hh o l d st h a t o u t o f t h ew o r l de q u a l s t oe n t e r i n gt h ew o r l d,a n de n t e r i n gt h ew o r l de q u a l st oo u t o ft h ew o r l d,a n dt h a t p a r a d i s eo f t h ewe s t i st h ewo r l do f mo r

46、t a l s,a n d t h ewo r l do f mo r t a l si s p a r a d i s eo f t h ew e s t.S ot h eN o r ma l F o r m o f V i ma l a k i r t i p r o v i d e sa ne x a mp l et ot h o s es c h o l a r b u r e a u c r a t swh oc a n t b e a r t og i v eu pf a mea n dwe a l t hb u t y e a r nf o r f r e ea n de a s

47、 ys t a t e.N o t g i v i n gu pf a mea n dw e a l t h,t h e y c a np r a c t i c ea t h o mea n dg e t s u p r e mewi s d o m.F o rt h i sr e a s o n,l a t e rg e n e r a t i o n st a k eV i ma l a k i r t iS u t r aa st h e v i t a lc l a s s i c so fB u d d h i s ma t h o me.TT hh eeII nn ff ll u

48、u ee nn cc ee ss oo nnCC hh ii nn ee ss eeCC uu ll tt uu rr eeV i ma l a k i r t i S u t r ai so n eo f t h emo s t i n f l u e n t i a l B u d d h i s t S c r i p t u r e s,wh i c hh a sd e e pr e l a t i o n s h i pw i t hC h i n e s ec u l t u r e.V i ma l a k i r t i S u t r ai s f l u e n t,b e

49、 a u t i f u l a n da t t r a c t i v e.B e c a u s eo f i t,C h i n a sl i t e r a t u r ea n dc u l t u r eh a v eb e c o memo r ec o l o r f u l i nt h en e x t t w ot h o u s a n dy e a r s.I nT h ei ma g eo f V i ma l a k i r t i i nT a n gP o e t r ywr i t t e nb y X i a oL i h u a,as c h o l

50、a r i nT a i wa n,i th a s c o u n t e d t h e i ma g e s o fV i ma l a k i r t ic o mmo n l y u s e d i n T a n g p o e t r y.T h e y a r e“VV iimmaa llaa kk iirr tt ii pp rr ee tt ee nn dd ss tt oobb eess iicc kk”“TT hh eess ee nn iioo rr oo ff VV aa iiss hh aa llii CC iitt yy”“BB uu dd dd hh aaXX