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1、International BusinessKey DefinitionsChapter One:GlobalizationChapter OutlineI What Is Globalization?II.Drivers of GlobalizationIII.The Changing Demographics of the Global EconomyIV.The Globalization Debatekey definition No.1全球化全球化是指转向一个更为一体化与相互依存的世界经济。Globalization refers to the shift toward a more
2、 integrated and interdependent world economy.key definition No.2市场全球化市场全球化是指把历史上独特的和分散的各国市场与巨大的全球化市场融合的过程。The globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate nationalmarkets into one huge global marketplace.key definition No.3生产全球化生产全球化指的是从全球各地区筹供商品和服务，以利用各国在生产要素
3、（如劳动力、能源、土地和资本）上的成本和质量差异。The globalization of production refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around theglobe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production(such aslabor,energy,land,and capital).key definition No.4按照赖克的观点，把生产性活动大量地外包
4、给不同的供应商导致了具有全球性质的产品的出现，即“全球产品”。Increasingly,according to Reich,the outsourcing of productive activities to different suppliers resultsin the creation of products that are global in nature:that is,“global products”.key definition No.5国际贸易壁垒的减少使企业把它们的市场扩展到世界范围，而不局限于一个单一的国家。The lowering of barriers to
5、international trade enables firms to view the world,rather than a singlecountry,as their market.贸易和投资壁垒的减少也使企业能把生产之余最佳的区位从事该项活动。The lowering of trade and investment barriers also allows firms to base production at the optimallocation for that activity.key definition No.6与生产全球化相关的运输成本降低了，这使一个公司在全球范围内
6、经营分散的生产系统变得更加经济。As transportation costs associated with the globalization of production declined,dispersal ofproduction to geographically separate locations became more economical.key definition No.7除了生产全球化，技术 创新也是市场全球化更加便利。低成本的全球通信网络（如万维网）有助于建立电子化全球市场。In addition to the globalization of production,
7、technological innovations have also facilitated theglobalization of markets.Low-cost global communications networks such as the World Wide Web arehelping to create electronic global marketplace.key definition No.8Globalization has its critics.The concerns voiced by critics of globalization are regarding jobs andincome,labor policies and the environment,national sovereignty and the worlds poor.全球化有其反对者。全球化反对者提出的问题涉及就业与收入、劳工政策与环境、国家主权、世界的贫困人口。