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1、八年级上关于形容词和副词的期末复习一、形容词和副词的概念形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名 词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。 它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词。副词在句中多作状语. 二、形容词和副词的用法形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的名词之前。 如: a new book, two big trees 等。形容词放在系动词be , get（变得）, turn（变得）, become（变得）, keep（保持）, stay（保持）, look（看起来）, smell（闻起来）, feel（感觉起来）, taste（尝起来）, sound（听起来）, 等之后
2、。如:1.I am short. 2.She looks fine. 3.They turn green. 4.We should keep/stay healthy.如果形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。如:something interesting / nothing new副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之前。如: 1.She works hard .（修饰动词） 2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词） 3.He runs too quickly .（修饰副词） 4.We play
3、 happily. （修饰动词）通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳一.形容词和副词的原级。（可表示两者在某方面相同或一方在某一方面不如对方）句型：1.as +形容词或副词的原级+ as （两者相同）1.Mary is as beautiful as Lucy._2.Mary gets up as early as Lucy. _2.not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as（前者不如后者）1.Lucy is as/so beautiful as Mary. _2.Lucy doesnt get up as/so early as Mary. _拓展：1.a
4、s +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+asHe is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。2.as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+asI can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。3.as as one can：尽其所能 He began to run as fast as he could._4.as as possible：尽可能 Please help us as quickly
5、 as possible._5.as soon as一就He will call me as soon as he comes here._练习：1. -Who did it better, Kate or Lily? -I think Kate did just _ Lily.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as badly than 2. The classroom is _ clean _ ours. A. so; as B. as ; as C. as ; than D. so; than3. I cant run _ my
6、 brother. A. as faster as B. as good as C. as fast as D. as better as4.The weather in Chongqing isnt as _ that in Qingdao.A. colder than B. cooler as C. cool as D. cooler二.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的变化。大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化 1.单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er 或 -est
7、原级比较级最高级talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortestloudlouderloudestquietquieterquietestfewfewerfewestpoorpoorerpoorestshyshyershyesthardharderhardest2.以不发音的e结尾只加-r或-st原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargestlatelaterlatestclosecloserclosestsimplesimplersimplest3.“以辅音字母
8、+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er或-est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiesthealthyhealthierhealthiestfriendlyfriendlier/ more friendlyfriendliest/most friendlybusybusierbusiestheavyheavierheaviestearlyearlierearliest4.以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写后面的辅音字母，再加-er或-est原级比较级最高级thi
9、nthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggestsadsaddersaddestfatfatterfattest特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。5.大部分双音节词和多音节的词，要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级beautiful more beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interesting most interesting expensivemore
10、 expensive most expensivepopularmore popularmost popularoutgoingmore outgoingmost outgoingenjoyablemore enjoyablemost enjoyablehard-workingmore hard-workingmost hard-workingwonderfulmore wonderfulmost wonderfulseriousmore seriousmost seriousnecessarymore necessarymost necessarysimilarmore similarmos
11、t similarcomfortablemore comfortablemost comfortablecarefulmore carefulmost carefulcarelessmore carelessmost carelesseducationalmore educationalmost educationalmeaninglessmore meaninglessmost meaninglessfamousmore famousmost famoussuccessfulmore successfulmore successfultraditionalmore traditionalmo
12、st traditionalmeaningfulmore meaningfulmost meaninglessdifferentmore differentmost differentdifficultmore difficultmost difficultexpensivemore expensivemost expensive6.以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most原级比较级最高级slowlymore slowly most slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyloudlymore angrily most angrilycheapl
13、y more softly most softlyloudlymore loudlymost loudlyclearlymore clearly most clearlycarefullymore carefullymost carefullybeautifullymore beautifullymost beautifullyseriouslymore seriouslymost seriouslycomfortablymore comfortablymost comfortably7.由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。 原级比较级 最
14、高级 interesting/interestmore interesting/interest most interesting/interested exciting/excited more exciting/excited most exciting/excited tiredmore tired most tired boring/boredmore boring/boredmost boring/boredtalentedmore talentedmost talentedcrowdedmore crowdedmost crowdedsurprising /surprisedmor
15、e surprising /surprisedmost surprising /surprisedrelaxing/relaxedmore relaxing/relaxedmost relaxing/relaxed不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest“两好，两坏，两多，一少，一老，一远” 不规则。三.形容词和副词比较级常用句型1.形容
16、词或副词比较级+than He is taller than I am. The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.2.less + 形容词的原级 + than 表示“不如、不及” This computer is less expensive than that one.3.比较级+and +比较级 / more and more +多音节词的原级 表示“越来越”It is getting hotter and hotter. The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.4.th
17、e +比较级+句子, the +比较级+句子 “越就越”表示两种情况同时变化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.5. 比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。Lucy is much taller than Mary, but Lucy is a little taller than Bob.拓展：5.比较级+than + any other +名
18、词单数形式 意为比其他任何一个都（在同一范围比较）例如：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. （上海在中国这个范围内，所以用any other）Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China.Shanghai is the largest city in China.练习：Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.Daniel is_ in our class.Daniel is _ in our class.6.比较级
19、+than+any+名词的单数形式 意为比其他任何一个都（不在同一范围比较）Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）China is larger than any country in Africa.（中国不在非洲）特别提醒：表示两者(人或物)比较时，比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物之间无法进行比较7.比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two，这时比较级前一定要加the。 1.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder. 2.W
20、hich is larger, Canada or Australia? 3.Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 练习：1. He feels _ today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 3. The garden is becoming _. A. m
21、ore beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 3. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest
22、0; D. the cheapest4 Which is _ , a bicycle or a computer?A. expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive5.The_ you work, the more you will learn.A. hard B. harder C. hardest 6. A pig is _ than a dog.A. much heavy B. more heav
23、ier C much heavier D. more heavy 7. Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall 8.Nowdays English is more important than_.A.any other subjects B.any other subject C.any subject D.the other subjects9. Tom is stronger than _ in his class. A. any o
24、ther boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy10. _ I look at the picture, _ I like it. A. The best; the more B. The more; the less C. The more; less D. More; the more 11. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less
25、; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested 四.形容词和副词的最高级基本句型（用于三者之间的比较）1.主语+be+the+形容词的最高级+in/of短语She is the tallest in our class/of the three.2.主语+实义动词+（the）副词的最高级+in/of短语She gets up earliest in our class/of the three.注：介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某
26、一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。拓展：3.one of + the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式 （是中最的之一）Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.One of the smallest dinosaurs（恐龙） was one meter（米） long.注意事项：one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时主语为one，谓语动词用单数形式。练习：1. -Which i
27、s _ season in Beijing?-I think it's autumn.A.good B.better C.best D.the best2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers3. Mother is _ in my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more 7