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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Sc-Te Words and Expressions used in Theoretical MechanicsAlphabet Index专心-专注-专业Aacceleration-due-to-gravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accommodate调和,调整addition合成aerodynamics空气动力学aerodynamic空气阻力algebra代数学align成一行amplitude振幅analytically解析法angular-impulse角冲量angular-momentum角动量angular-velocity角速度ap
2、plication应用apply施加,使用approach途径,趋近,方法arc-coordinates弧坐标axis轴Bbearing轴承,支撑面bit钻头bolt螺栓Ccam 凸轮cancel抵消,中和cantilever悬臂Cartesian-coordinate笛卡儿坐标系cast-iron铸铁center-of-gravity重心center-of-mass质心central-force向心力centroid形心chain-rule-of-differentiation链导法则circular-frequency圆频率clockwise(CW)顺时针clutch离合器coeffici
3、ent系数collar套筒collect提取（公因式）collinear共线combine motion复合运动combine合并同类项,联立complementary-solution通解component分量,构成元件composite-body组合体composite-motion复合运动concept概念concurrent汇交的cone圆锥conic-section圆锥曲线conservation-of-momentum动量守恒conservation守恒conservative-force保守力consistent with.与保持一致constants（const.）常数cont
4、our等高线,参照线constraint 约束conventional惯例的 convention约定,惯例的convert- conversion转化coplanar共面的Coriolis-acceleration科氏加速度corresponding相应的Coulomb's-law-of-friction库仑摩擦定律counterclockwise(CCW)逆时针couple(s)力偶crank曲柄cross-product叉乘法curvature曲率curved-surface曲面cycloid摆线cylinder圆柱,汽缸Dd'Alembert's-princip
5、le达朗贝尔原理damped-vibration衰减振动damp潮湿的,阻尼,衰减的dashed虚线的deduce推演，证明deformation形变degrees-of-freedom自由度density密度derivate求导derivative导数determinant行列式detrimental有害的diagonal对角线differential-differentiation微分dimension量纲,度量单位,维direction-cosine方向余弦direction方向displacement位移distributed-load分布载荷dot-product点乘法dynamic
6、s动力学Eeccentricity 偏心距,离心率ellipse椭圆elongation（弹簧等）伸长量equal-sign等号equation-of-motion运动方程equilibrium平衡equipotential-surfaces等势面equivalence等价equivalent等同的expand（多项式）展开exponent指数Ffinite限定的，有限的finite element method 有限元方法formula公式Fourier-series傅立叶级数frequency频率friction摩擦Ggradient梯度graphically图解法gravit
7、ation引力gravity重力Hhard-steel高碳钢harmonic-motion谐运动helix-helical螺旋hinge门绞,铰链homogeneous均匀的,齐次的 horizontal水平的hub轮毂humidity湿度hyperbola双曲线Iidentity恒等式illustrate举例说明impact碰撞impending临界的impulse冲量incline倾斜indicate=locate标明Inertial-Reference-Frame惯性系inertia惯性，惯量infinitesimal无穷小infinite无穷的initial-initially初始的i
8、nitial-condition初始条件instant瞬时integral-integration积分interchangeability可交换的interval间隔inverse倒数invert反解investigate研究invoke调用Jjack千斤顶joint=node结合,节joule焦耳Kkey键，键槽kinematics运动学kinetic-energy动能kinetics=dynamics动力学LLaw-of-cosine余弦定理Law-of-sine正弦定理linear-vibration线振动line-segment线段load-intensity载荷强度load载荷lub
9、ricate润滑Mmagnitude量值大小mass质量matrix矩阵mean-radius中径mechanical-energy机械能mechanics力学mild-steel低碳钢misalignment未对准moment-arm矩臂moment-of-momentum(angular momentum)动量矩momentum(linear momentum)动量moment矩multiply乘法mutually相互的Nnatural-frequency固有频率negative负的negotiate=pass通过,越过non-collinear不共线的non-coplanar不共面的no
10、n-homogeneous非齐次non-inertial-reference-frame非惯性系normal法向的numerical数值的nut螺母Oobtain解得omitting忽略operator计算符,算子ordinary-differentiation常微分orthogonal-component正交分量outcome（最终）结果Pparabolic抛物线parallel-axis-theorem平行轴定理parallelogram-law平四法则parallel平行parameter参数partial-differentiation偏微分particle质点particular-s
11、olution特解path-coordinate自然坐标系pedal踏板pendulum摆period周期perpendicular垂直的phase相位pitch螺距plane平面plank铺板plot图像plus加上,正的polar-coordinate极坐标position-vector位矢positive正的postulate=assume假设potential-energy势能preceding先前的preclude=exclude排除preliminary 预备的principle-of-change-of-momentum动量定理principle-of-work-and-ener
12、gy动能定理principle原理procedure=step步骤projectile抛体 projection投影property性质proportional成比例的pulley滑轮Rradian弧度制radii= radius半径radius-of-gyration回转半径rate-of-change变化率rectangular- component正交分量rectangular矩形rectilinear直线运动reduce-reduction化简repel排斥resistance阻力resolve-resolution分解resonance共振resonance共振respectivel
13、y =separately各自的restoring-force回复力restrict- restriction约束resultant合力resultant moment 合力矩right-angle直角rigid body 刚体rim 轮缘,沿轮缘(滚动)rotate-rotation旋转Ssample示例scalar标量scale天平,磅秤screwdriver螺丝刀screw螺丝second-order-differentiation二阶微分section部件,截面sector扇形self lock自锁shaft连杆,轴simple-pendulum单摆simultaneously同时地s
14、olve the equations simultaneously联立求解方程式skid=brake制动slack松弛,缝隙slope斜度,斜率slot滑槽socket插槽,嵌槽speed速率(s)spool线框,线轴stability稳定性statics静力学steer=drive操纵,驾驶stiffness劲度系数subscript下标substantially充分的substitute-substituting取代subtract=subtraction减法sufficient-and-necessary-condition充要条件summation求和superposition叠加su
15、rvey测量,调查suspend悬挂symmetry对称Ttangent-tangential切向(的)Taylor-series泰勒级数tendency倾向term术语theorem定理法则thread螺纹thrust插入tip尖端,翻倒tire=tyre轮胎torque扭矩traction牵引trajectory=path轨迹transfer-couple附加力偶translate平动transport牵连的triangle三角triple矢量混合积tripod三脚架truss桁架Uuniform=homogeneous均匀的universal-joint万向节unwind绷紧的,伸直的V
16、validate验证(有效)vector矢量velocity速度(v)versus对,比vertex-angle顶角vertical垂直virtual-work虚功vise虎钳Wwarrant=guarantee保证watt瓦特wear磨损wedge楔weld焊接winch绞盘wrench扳手,力螺旋Yyield服从（定律）Classified Index AlgebraAlgebra代数学approach途径,趋近，方法equal-sign等号equivalence等价equivalent等同的formula公式identity恒等式operator计算符,算子positive正的negat
17、ive负的plus加上,正的minus减去,负的coefficient系数constants常数parameter参数exponent指数inverse倒数multiply=time乘法subtract=subtraction减法arc-coordinates弧坐标Cartesian-coordinate笛卡儿坐标系polar-coordinate极坐标path-coordinate自然坐标系cross-product叉乘法dot-product点乘法triple矢量混合积matrix矩阵determinant行列式dimension维,量纲,度量单位 rate-of-change变化率der
18、ivative导数derivate求导chain-rule-of-differentiation链导法则integral-integration积分differential -differentiation微分ordinary-differentiation常微分partial-differentiation偏微分second-order-differentiation二阶微分differential-equation微分方程homogeneous齐次的non-homogeneous非齐次的complementary-solution通解particular-solution特解initial
19、-condition初始条件Fourier-series傅立叶级数Taylor-series泰勒级数gradient梯度direction-cosine方向余弦infinitesimal无穷小numerical数值的plot图像proportional成比例的slope斜度,斜率Geometry cone圆锥cylinder圆柱rectangular矩形triangle三角sector扇形conic-section圆锥曲线ellipse椭圆hyperbola双曲线parabolic抛物线cycloid摆线eccentricity 偏心距,离心率helix-helical螺旋line-segme
20、nt线段projection投影radii= radius半径right-angle直角vertex-angle顶角plane平面section截面diagonal对角线centroid形心symmetry对称curvature曲率curved-surface曲面Law-of-cosine余弦定理Law-of-sine正弦定理Basic Concepts & Termsconcept概念aerodynamics空气动力学mechanics力学statics静力学kinematics运动学kinetics=dynamics动力学Inertial-Reference-Frame惯性系non
21、-inertial-reference-frame非惯性系inertia惯性，惯量mass质量particle质点rigid刚体center-of-gravity重心center-of-mass质心restriction约束couple(s)力偶transfer-couple附加力偶wrench力螺旋aerodynamic空气阻力central-force向心力friction摩擦力resistance阻力gravitation引力gravity重力resultant合力conservative-force保守力moment矩moment-arm矩臂orthogonal-component正交
22、分量rectangular- component正交分量stiffness劲度系数elongation（弹簧等）伸长量torque扭矩scalar标量vector矢量position-vector位矢direction方向displacement位移acceleration加速度acceleration-due-to-gravity重力加速度Coriolis-acceleration科氏加速度combine motion复合运动composite-motion复合运动degrees-of-freedom自由度equation-of-motion运动方程rectilinear直线运动transl
23、ate平动rotate-rotation转动trajectory=path轨迹composite-body组合体projectile抛体 deformation形变density密度equilibrium平衡load载荷distributed-load分布载荷load-intensity载荷强度stability稳定性self lock自锁velocity速度(v) angular-impulse角冲量angular-momentum角动量angular-velocity角速度circular-frequency圆频率impulse冲量momentum动量moment-of-momentum动
24、量矩kinetic-energy动能potential-energy势能mechanical-energy机械能parallel-axis-theorem平行轴定理parallelogram-law平四法则principle-of-change-of-momentum动量定理principle-of-work-and-energy动能定理conservation守恒conservation-of-momentum动量守恒equipotential-surfaces等势面radius-of-gyration回转半径virtual-work虚功amplitude振幅damped-vibration
25、衰减振动damp潮湿的,阻尼,衰减的frequency频率harmonic-motion谐运动linear-vibration线振动natural-frequency固有频率pendulum摆period周期phase相位restoring-force回复力resonance共振Common Mechanism & Structure axis轴bearing轴承,支撑面bit钻头bolt螺栓cam 凸轮cantilever悬臂clutch离合器collar套筒crank曲柄cylinder汽缸，液压柱hinge门绞,铰链hub轮毂jack千斤顶joint=node结合,节key键，键
26、槽mean-radius中径nut螺母pedal踏板pitch螺距plank铺板pulley滑轮rim 轮缘scale天平,磅秤screwdriver螺丝刀screw螺丝shaft连杆,轴simple-pendulum单摆slack松弛,缝隙slot滑槽socket插槽,嵌槽spool线框,线轴thread螺纹tip尖端tire=tyre轮胎tripod三脚架truss桁架universal-joint万向节vise虎钳wedge楔winch绞盘wrench扳手Keywords in Solutionsaccommodate调和,调整according to依据（定理）analytically
27、解析法的graphically图解法的application应用sample示例apply施加,使用invoke调用postulate=assume假设preclude=exclude排除approach途径principle原理theorem定理法则property性质procedure=step步骤deduce推演，证明illustrate举例说明indicate=locate标明validate验证(有效)warrant=guarantee保证yield服从（定律）reduce-reduction化简resolve-resolution分解addition合成superposition叠
28、加projection投影cancel抵消,中和collect提取（公因式）combine合并同类项,联立expand（多项式）展开summation求和invert反解substitute-substituting取代convert- conversion转化obtain解得outcome（最终）结果initial=initially初始的conventional惯例的 convention约定,惯例的corresponding相应的finite限定的infinite无穷的respectively =separately各自的，分别的preliminary 预备的simultaneously
29、同时地，联立substantially充分的interchangeability可交换的sufficient-and-necessary-condition充要条件omitting忽略subscript下标State Descriptionalign成一行misalignment未对准clockwise(CW)顺时针counterclockwise(CCW)逆时针collinear共线coplanar共面的noncollinear不共线的noncoplanar不共面的component分量,构成元件resultant合力，合成量horizontal水平的incline倾斜vertical铅垂的
30、perpendicular垂直的parallel平行normal法向的tangent-tangential切向(的)concurrent汇交的initial=initially初始的final末态的instant瞬时impending临界的interval间隔magnitude量值大小direction方向sense 方向mutually相互的uniform=homogeneous均匀的unwind绷紧的,伸直的contour等高线,参照线negotiate=pass通过,越过repel排斥skid=brake制动suspend悬挂tendency倾向thrust插入wear磨损weld焊接I
31、nterchangeable Wordsapply =invoke调用，使用indicate=locate标明joint=node结合,节kinetics=dynamics动力学negotiate=pass通过,越过postulate=assume假设preclude=exclude排除procedure=step步骤radii= radius半径rectangular-component=orthogonal-component正交分量respectively =separately各自地steer=drive操纵,驾驶tire=tyre轮胎uniform=homogeneous均匀的war
32、rant=guarantee保证AbbreviationCCW=counterclockwise逆时针CW=clockwise顺时针FBD=Free-body-diagramMAD=Force-acceleration-diagramconst=constant常数，恒量rev=revolution 转数deg=degree度数A.M.=absolute-motionR.M.=relative-motionT.M.=transport-motionDOF=degree-of-freedom自由度数IRF= Inertial-Reference-Frame惯性系Othersaxiom 公理the
33、orem定理law定律principle原理sequence, inference, deduction推论definition定义conclusion结论convention约定hypothesis假设equation方程equality等式inequality不等式formula, formulas / formulae公式formulation（集合名词）公式 assumption假设significant digit有效数字integral整数fraction分数decimal 小数cast-iron铸铁hard-steel高碳钢mild-steel低碳钢aluminum 铝humid
34、ity湿度joule焦耳watt瓦特Newtons law牛顿运动定律D'Alembert's-principle达朗贝尔原理Cartesian-coordinate笛卡儿坐标系Coriolis-acceleration科氏加速度Coulomb's-law-of-friction库仑摩擦定律Taylor-series泰勒级数Fourier-series傅立叶级数 read the expression correctly a half /(one)half a third a quarter/ one(a) fourth three fourth /three over
35、 four five twelfth two and a halfpoint one two point three five four point nine recurring plus /positive / andminus /negative /subtract times / (be ) multiplied by (be) divided by = is equal to /equals is approximately equal to is identically equal to the nth power of x / x to the power n x square x
36、 cube the nth root of x the square root of xa is greater than ba is less than b a is much (far)greater than b the limitation of when x approaches (tends) to x sub one y prime y double prime y triple prime x dot x double dots / x two dots delta integral between limits a and b infinity the first derivative of y with respect to x the second derivative of y with respect to xthe partial derivative of u with respective to x