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1、宾语从句宾语从句 object clauseobject clause什么是宾语？什么是宾语从句什么是宾语？什么是宾语从句宾语是动作的承受对象。在句子中起宾语是动作的承受对象。在句子中起宾语宾语作用的作用的从句从句叫做叫做宾语从句。宾语从句。一.定义：置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v-ing 形式后面都能带宾语从句,有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad 等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.引导词的用法:在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that 常可省略),whether,if代词：who,who
2、se,what,which副词：when,where,how,why 等。（一）（一）thatthat 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合 thatthat 可以省略）可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：hate,say,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propos
3、e,declare,report,believe,think,find,understand 等。特别在特别在 believe,say,think,hear,understand,believe,say,think,hear,understand,presume,propose,grantpresume,propose,grant 等动词之后等动词之后 thatthat 省略省略例句：The boy believes(that)he will travel through space to other planets.We know that the earth is circle.I exp
4、ect someone who can guide me.Our teacher noticed us that we should keep quite.Check that all the switches are turned off.I presume he doesnt come today.I understand(that)the article is difficult.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose,expect，fancy,assume,guess,imagine 等词，在句子中表示“认为”“猜测”意义的动词后that 引导的宾语从句
5、的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句谓语表示。1例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.We dont assume that they will come to tonights meeting.在以下情况中 thatthat 不能省略不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。例句：He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that he wasasked not
6、 to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine greencoat and his black silk cap.3.当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。例句：I find it n
7、ecessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由（二）由 whether,ifwhether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由 whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中 whether 与 if 可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下 if 与 whether 是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if)they will come to our party.Go and see if he is in the lab.He doesnt
8、know whether they will stay in shanghai or not.只能用 whether，不能用 if 引导的宾语从句1.在带 to 的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.2.在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.It all depends on whether we can work together.3.在动词
9、后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.4.直接与 or not 连用时例句：I cant say whether or not they can come on time.只能用 if 不能用 whether 引导的宾语从句1.if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”2例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2.if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3.引导
10、状语从句 even if（即使）和 as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise 等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,whi
11、ch,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序语序是陈述句语序,即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：1.I dont know what they are looking for.2.Could you tell me when the train wi
12、ll leave?3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?四四.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that li
13、ght travels faster than sound.五.宾语从句的特点：1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词 that 引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether 后可紧跟 or not；whether 从句3可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语 it.考点归纳考点归纳【命题趋势】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。【考点诠释】宾语从句在初中英语语法中
14、有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。笔者认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：一、连接词一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1.引导陈述句用 that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。2.引导一般疑问句用 if 或 whether。注意：下列几种情况通常使用 whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有 or 或 or not时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用 whether；（2）在介词之后用 whether；（3）在不定式前用 whether 等。3.引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。Excuse me，c
15、ould you tell me_?Theres a bank on the second floorYou can make it thereA where I can change moneyB how I can get to the bankC if theres a bank near hereDwhere the bank is二、语序二、语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。1-Do you know _now?一 In the Peoples HotelA where is Tom workingB w
16、here did Tom workCwhere Tom is workingDwhere Tom worked三、时态三、时态1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。4.情态动词 could/would 用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。4Excuse me,could you tell me when _ the new
17、Olympic Center?A are we visitedB will we visitC we are visitedD we will visit-Could you tell me whom the radio _by?一 Sorry，I have no idea.A inventsB inventedC is inventedDwas inventedI didnt understand _,so I raised my hand to ask.A.what my teacher saysB.what does my teacher say C.what my teacher sa
18、idD.what did my teacher say四、否定转移四、否定转移当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是 think/believe/suppose/expect 等时，应在主句上加以否定。五、简化五、简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。I dont know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单句）I dont know what _ _ with the letter.答案与解析：
19、答案为 to do。当主句谓语动词是 know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填 to do。五、注意点if/when 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if/when 引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if 和 when 引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。六、综合考查-Did
20、 MrWhite tell you_-?-Yes.He said he went there in 2003.A.when he traveled to TibetB.how he goes to WuhanC.Where he spent his holidaysD.why did he visit Kunming练习：1,He said that he _ TV at that time.A,was watchingB,watchesC,watchingD,has watched2,Kate answered that she _ her homework.A,finishB,finish
21、esC,has finishedD,had finished3,I dont know _.A,why he is always late for schoolB,what he is always late for school5 C,why is he always late for schoolD,that he is always late for school4,The children said _ they _ themselves very much.A,if,enjoyB,why,enjoyC,where,enjoyD,that,enjoyed5,The police ask
22、ed the boy _.A,where was his motherB,where his mother wasC,where his mother isD,where is his mother6,I wonder _.A,if he can finish the work well or notB,where can he finish the work wellC,whether he can finish the work well or notD,if can he finish the work well7,I wonder if he _,If he _,please let
23、me know as soonas possible.A,will come,arrivesB,comes,arrivesC,comes,will arriveD,will come,will arrive8,I want to know _ he can come here on time.A,whoB,whenC,whereD,if9,He hasnt decide _.A,if hell go on a trip to CanadaB,where will he go 9on a trip to CanadaC,if he goes on a trip to CanadaD,when d
24、oes he go on a trip to Canada10,Id like know _ you want best.A,thatB,whatC,whichD,where11,I hear that he _ to Zhuhai yesterday.A,goB,will goC,wentD,goes12,Do you know _?A,where does he liveB,where he livesC,where he lives inD,what he lives13,Do you know _ tomorrow?A,what will he do B,what he will do
25、 C,what he would doD,what would do14,Can you tell me _?A,whats the matter with youB,what the matter is with youC,whats trouble with youD,what wrong is with you15,The little boy asked his teacher _.A,which atar was the nearest to the earthB,which star the nearest to the earth is C,which star is the nearest to the earthD,the nearest to the earth is which star16,My teacher told me that sun _ in the east.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.will rise6