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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。如何选择定语从句的引导词_非常有用!-如何选择定语从句的引导词?*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。*非限制性定语从句非限制性
2、定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as；关系副词when，where，why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。1定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用whothat，修饰物时用whichthat引导。如：IsthisthefactorywhichthatmakesTVsets？ThemanwhothatvisitedourschoolisfromAu
3、stralia2从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用whowhomthat或省略引导词；修饰物时用whichthat或省略引导词。如：GonearethedayswhichthatwespenttogetherinthevillageHeisthemanwhowhomthatIthinktobeworthyofourpraise3从句中缺时间状语，用when或介词which引导。如：ThedayfinallycamewhenonwhichIwasgivenajobWellputofftheoutinguntilnextweek，whenwewontbesobusy4从句中缺地点状语，用where或介词wh
4、ich引导。如：Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhereonwhichhecaneasilyfindit5从句中缺原因状语或先行词是reason时，引导词用whyforwhichthat。如：Thisisthereasonwhyforwhichthathedidntcometothemeeting6从句中缺定语，人和物都用whose引导。如：AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphanPleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack7当先行词是way时，其定语从句的引导词用inwhichthat。
5、如：Thewayinwhichthathelooksatproblemsiswrong二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。1在固定词组thesameas，suchas中，as引导限制性定语从句。如：HeisnotsuchafoolashelooksIveboughtthesamedressassheiswearing2当先行词是整个主句时，可用aswhich引导非限制性定语从句。引导词as和which的区别在于：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。as常与从句中的know，see，hear，e
6、xpect等动词连用，也常用于asoftenhappens，asisoftenthecase（常有的事）等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况。as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。如：Asiswellknown，ShanghaiisabigcitySomeoftheroadswereflooded，whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult三、关系代词who，whom，whose，which和as能引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能；非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语，引导词也不能省略；关系副词when，where能引导非限制性定语从句，而why不能。如：Abrah
7、amLincoln，wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheCivilWaryears，wasshotonApril14，1865四、先行词是物时，其引导词可用which也可用that，通常情况下二者可互换，但在有些情况下不能。1用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况：非限制性定语从句用which，不用that引导。如：Football，whichisaveryinterestinggame，isplayedallovertheworld先行词为that时，为了避免重复，定语从句用which不用that引导。如：Thatwhichyouborrowedfromme
8、wasntarealdiamondnecklace介词后用which不用that引导。如：Themethodwithwhichyousolvedtheproblemisverygood2用that不用which的七种情况：先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用that不用which引导。如：ThisisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisitedThesecondquestionthatisaskediswhywedontfallofftheearth先行词为little，much，all，none，few，（the）one，something，everything，no
9、thing，anything等不定代词时，用that引导。如：Thereisnothingintheworldthatcanfrightenhim先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时，用that引导。如：Hetoldusaboutthepeopleandthecitiesthathehadvisited先行词前有any，all，no，few，every，some，little，much，（the）very，（the）only，（the）last等词修饰时，用that引导。如：ThisistheverycoatthatIneedIsoxygentheonlygasthathelpsfirebur
10、n？先行词为which时，为了避免重复，用that引导。如：Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday？先行词在从句中作表语时，常用that引导。如：Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobeinthe1930s当主句是Therebe句型时，用that引导。Therearetwoticketsforthefilmthatareforyoutwo五、在“oneof复数名词定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致；当one前有theonly修饰时，从句的谓语动词应与theonlyone保持一致。如：Hewasoneoft
11、hestudentswhowerelateforclassHewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslateforclass六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时，修饰人只能用whom，修饰物只能用which引导。如：Myglasses，withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman，felltothegroundandbrokeTheman，bywhomthewolfwasshot，iscalledJackson1. who（主格）先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语。Whom（宾语）先行词指人，定语从句中作宾语。例句：Ishethemanwhowantstoseey
12、ou？Heistheman（whom）Isawinthereadingroomyesterday。（whom作宾语时可省略）2. whose先行词指人或指物，且只作定语，若指物，可与ofwhich互换。例句：Thatisabookwhosecover（ofwhichthecover）isred。3. which先行词指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。例句：Thebagwhichisonthedeskismine.4.that几乎是万能胶能代替上述3个引导词，可做主语，宾语。在此不再举例.that的特殊用法：ATherebe句型中用that不用whichB在不定代词（something，anythi
13、ng，all，few，any等）后用that，不用which（something后也可用which）C先行词有all，every，some，any，only，few或序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，只用thatD先行词既指人又指物时，用thatE先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用thatF避免关联词重复，用thatG用作关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词（day，time，moment）that可替代when5.when，where，why的先行词是指时间地点和理由的名词，先行词在从句中做状语.能与介词+which互换.人物主宾Who能代能代能代Whom能代能代Which能
14、代能代能代Whose能代能代54.TheBeatles,_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as55.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,_meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江苏卷)A.whoB.thatC.asD.which56.Women_drinkmorethantwocupsofcoff
15、eeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_dont.(2006北京卷)A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填57.Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.(2006福建卷)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what58.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,_wegavesomebellsandglasses.(2006湖南卷)A
16、.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich59.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_Chineseintheschool,most_werefromGermany.(2006辽宁卷)A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom60.Werejusttryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(2006山东卷)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which61.
17、ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,_shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.(2006陕西卷)A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat62.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.(2006浙江卷)A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which63.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunb
18、ackinthedirection_shehadcome.(2006重庆卷)A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich64.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,_isalwaysbusyattheweekend.(2006上海卷)A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which65.Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.(2006江西卷)A.whyB.whereC.howD./66.Lastweek,o
19、nlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom67.Weshouldntspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_arehealthy.(2007北京卷)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom68.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.(2007福建卷)A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where6
20、9.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.(2007湖南卷)A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that70.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.(2007江苏卷)A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat71.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer_sheha
21、dtodecidewhattodo.(2007江西卷)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where72.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoaday-carecenter,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.(2007全国I)A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where73.Wheredidyougettoknowher?Itwasonthefarm_weworked.(2007山东卷)A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where74.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_theeducationsystemhas
22、witnessedgreatcharges.(2007山东卷)A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen75.Today,welldiscussanumberofcases_beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(2007陕西卷)A.whichB.asC.whyD.where76.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(2007四川卷)A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofth
23、emD.bothofwhich77.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.(2007天津卷)A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where78.ChansrestaurantonBakerStreet,_usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.(2007浙江卷)A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where79.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinth
24、edegree_theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(2007重庆卷)A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich【答案与详解】153（略）54.D。as在此引导非限制性定语从句，又如：Theyoftendrinkteawiththemeal,aswedoinChina.他们吃饭时也饮茶，像我们在中国那样。55.D。which在此引导非限制性定语从句。注意不能选B，因为that不用于引导非限制性定语从句;也不能选A，因为who只用于人;也不能选C，因为as引导非限制性定语从句时，它若用作从句的主语，则其谓语动词通常只能是连系动词。56.C
25、。两空均填who，引导定语从句。由于两个who在定语从句都是用作主语，所以不能省略。57.A。whose引导定语从句，且在定语从句中用作定语，修饰roof，又如：Amentalpatientisonewhosemindisdiseased.精神病人是脑子有病的人。Thegirlwhoseworkgottheprizeistheyoungestinherclass.作品获奖的女孩是她班上年纪最小的。58.B。towhich在此引导非限制性定语从句，其中的to与句中的动词give搭配。59.D。第一空填现在分词，表示情况在进行;第二空填ofwhom，是与most一起构成mostofwhom，用以引
26、导定语从句，又如：IhaveanumberofAmericanrelatives,mostofwhomliveinTexas.我有一些美国亲戚，他们大都住在得克萨斯。60.A。where引导定语从句，修饰名词apoint，相当于inwhich。注意，在point后接where引导的定语从句，是近年来一个值得注意的考点。又如：TheresonepointwhereIdlikeyouradvice.有一点我想征求你的意见。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。61.A。afterwhich在此引导非限制性定语从句，相当于andaf
27、terthat。又如：ThisIdidatnineoclock,afterwhichIsatreadingthepaper.九点时我做这件事，之后我就坐在那里看报。62.B。thefirstofwhich相当于andthefirstofthethreebooks，即指这三本书中的第一本。又如：Imetthefruit-pickers,severalofwhomeveruniversitystudents.我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好几个是大学生。63.D。fromwhichshehadcome为修饰thedirection的定语从句。其中的介词from与其后的动词come构成搭配：Thisi
28、sthebookfromwhichIgotthestory.这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。64.D。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theshoppingcentre。65.D。wemustinsiston为定语从句，修饰名词onepoint。引导定语从句的关系代词为that，因在从句中用作宾语，被省略了。66.D。由于前面提到的是两个人，故后面只能用表两者的both或neither，据此可排除A和C。由于空格前用的是逗号，且没有连词，故只不能选B，而要选D，因为neitherofwhom为非限制性定语从句，用以修饰twopeople。67.D。由于先行词为somanypeopl
29、e，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个。68.D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词thevillage。注意，题中的定语从句与先行词之间被hasdevelopedalot所分开。69.B。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中用作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。70.A。afterwhich中的which指“他在当地一所高中接受教育”，afterwhich的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后(即高中毕业之后)”。71.D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词point(不是career)，又如：Wehavereachedapointwhereachangei
30、sneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。72.D。where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词aday-carecenter。73.D。where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thefarm。注意不要认为这是强调句而误选that。74.D。sincewhen中的when指1946，sincewhen指的是since1946，即指“自1946年起”。注意不要误选C，如果将C改为andsincethen，则可选C。75.D。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词cases，where的意思相当于inwhich。类例：Therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isu
31、sedasanadverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。76.D。bothofwhicharebeingbuiltinmyhometown为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的twoschools。77.D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词activity。句意为：那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。78.B。whichusedtobepoorlyrun为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chinasrestaurant。79.B。towhich中的which指代前面提到的degree，由于表示“在程度上”时，degree前面习惯上要搭配介词to，故要选B。又如：TowhatdegreeareyouinterestedinJapanese?你对日语的兴趣达到了什么程度?Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。题干的意思是：人类与动物面部表情的不同之处在于，人类可以在一定程度上有意识地控制其表情。-