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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。工具箱数学词汇英汉对照表-附录四工具箱数学词汇英汉对照表.1概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表-Aabsolutevalue绝对值accept接受acceptableregion接受域additivity可加性adjusted调整的alternativehypothesis对立假设analysis分析analysisofcovariance协方差分析analysisofvariance方差分析arithmeticmean算术平均值association相关性assumption假设assumptionche
2、cking假设检验availability有效度average均值Bbalanced平衡的band带宽barchart条形图beta-distribution贝塔分布betweengroups组间的bias偏倚binomialdistribution二项分布binomialtest二项检验Ccalculate计算case个案category类别centerofgravity重心centraltendency中心趋势chi-squaredistribution卡方分布chi-squaretest卡方检验classify分类clusteranalysis聚类分析coefficient系数coeff
3、icientofcorrelation相关系数collinearity共线性column列compare比较comparison对照components构成，分量compound复合的confidenceinterval置信区间consistency一致性constant常数continuousvariable连续变量controlcharts控制图correlation相关covariance协方差covariancematrix协方差矩阵criticalpoint临界点criticalvalue临界值crosstab列联表cubic三次的，立方的cubicterm三次项cumulative
4、distributionfunction累加分布函数curveestimation曲线估计Ddata数据default默认的definition定义deletedresidual剔除残差densityfunction密度函数dependentvariable因变量description描述designofexperiment试验设计deviations差异df.(degreeoffreedom)自由度diagnostic诊断dimension维discretevariable离散变量discriminantfunction判别函数discriminatoryanalysis判别分析distan
5、ce距离distribution分布D-optimaldesignD-优化设计Eeaqual相等effectsofinteraction交互效应efficiency有效性eigenvalue特征值equalsize等含量equation方程error误差estimate估计estimationofparameters参数估计estimations估计量evaluate衡量exactvalue精确值expectation期望expectedvalue期望值exponential指数的exponentialdistributon指数分布extremevalue极值Ffactor因素，因子facto
6、ranalysis因子分析factorscore因子得分factorialdesigns析因设计factorialexperiment析因试验fit拟合fittedline拟合线fittedvalue拟合值fixedmodel固定模型fixedvariable固定变量fractionalfactorialdesign部分析因设计frequency频数F-testF检验fullfactorialdesign完全析因设计function函数Ggammadistribution伽玛分布geometricmean几何均值group组Hharmomicmean调和均值heterogeneity不齐性hi
7、stogram直方图homogeneity齐性homogeneityofvariance方差齐性hypothesis假设hypothesistest假设检验Iindependence独立independentvariable自变量independent-samples独立样本index指数indexofcorrelation相关指数interaction交互作用interclasscorrelation组内相关intervalestimate区间估计intraclasscorrelation组间相关inverse倒数的iterate迭代Kkernal核Kolmogorov-Smirnovtes
8、t柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis峰度Llargesampleproblem大样本问题layer层least-significantdifference最小显著差数least-squareestimation最小二乘估计least-squaremethod最小二乘法level水平levelofsignificance显著性水平leveragevalue中心化杠杆值life寿命lifetest寿命试验likelihoodfunction似然函数likelihoodratiotest似然比检验linear线性的linearestimator线性估计linearmodel线性模型linea
9、rregression线性回归linearrelation线性关系linearterm线性项logarithmic对数的logarithms对数logistic逻辑的lostfunction损失函数Mmaineffect主效应matrix矩阵maximum最大值maximumlikelihoodestimation极大似然估计meansquareddeviation(MSD)均方差meansumofsquare均方和measure衡量media中位数M-estimatorM估计minimum最小值missingvalues缺失值mixedmodel混合模型mode众数model模型MonteC
10、arlemethod蒙特卡罗法movingaverage移动平均值multicollinearity多元共线性multiplecomparison多重比较multiplecorrelation多重相关multiplecorrelationcoefficient复相关系数multiplecorrelationcoefficient多元相关系数multipleregressionanalysis多元回归分析multipleregressionequation多元回归方程multipleresponse多响应multivariateanalysis多元分析Nnegativerelationship负
11、相关nonadditively不可加性nonlinear非线性nonlinearregression非线性回归noparametrictests非参数检验normaldistribution正态分布nullhypothesis零假设numberofcases个案数Oone-sample单样本one-tailedtest单侧检验one-wayANOVA单向方差分析one-wayclassification单向分类optimal优化的optimumallocation最优配制order排序orderstatistics次序统计量origin原点orthogonal正交的outliers异常值Ppa
12、iredobservations成对观测数据paired-sample成对样本parameter参数parameterestimation参数估计partialcorrelation偏相关partialcorrelationcoefficient偏相关系数partialregressioncoefficient偏回归系数percent百分数percentiles百分位数piechart饼图pointestimate点估计poissondistribution泊松分布polynomialcurve多项式曲线polynomialregression多项式回归polynomials多项式positi
13、verelationship正相关power幂P-PplotP-P概率图predict预测predictedvalue预测值predictionintervals预测区间principalcomponentanalysis主成分分析proability概率probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函数probitanalysis概率分析proportion比例Qqadratic二次的Q-QplotQ-Q概率图quadraticterm二次项qualitycontrol质量控制quantitative数量的，度量的quartiles四分位数Rrandom随机的randomnum
14、ber随机数randomnumber随机数randomsampling随机取样randomseed随机数种子randomvariable随机变量randomization随机化range极差rank秩rankcorrelation秩相关rankstatistic秩统计量regressionanalysis回归分析regressioncoefficient回归系数regressionline回归线reject拒绝rejectionregion拒绝域relationship关系reliability可靠性repeated重复的report报告，报表residual残差residualsumofsq
15、uares剩余平方和response响应riskfunction风险函数robustness稳健性rootmeansquare标准差row行run游程runtest游程检验Ssample样本samplesize样本容量samplespace样本空间sampling取样samplinginspection抽样检验scatterchart散点图S-curveS形曲线separately单独地sets集合signtest符号检验significance显著性significancelevel显著性水平significancetesting显著性检验significant显著的，有效的signific
16、antdigits有效数字skeweddistribution偏态分布skewness偏度smallsampleproblem小样本问题smooth平滑sort排序sorucesofvariation方差来源space空间spread扩展square平方standarddeviation标准离差standarderrorofmean均值的标准误差standardization标准化standardize标准化statistic统计量statisticalqualitycontrol统计质量控制std.residual标准残差stepwiseregressionanalysis逐步回归stimu
17、lus刺激strongassumption强假设stud.deletedresidual学生化剔除残差stud.residual学生化残差subsamples次级样本sufficientstatistic充分统计量sum和sumofsquares平方和summary概括，综述Ttable表t-distributiont分布test检验testcriterion检验判据testforlinearity线性检验testofgoodnessoffit拟合优度检验testofhomogeneity齐性检验testofindependence独立性检验testrules检验法则teststatistic
18、s检验统计量testingfunction检验函数timeseries时间序列tolerancelimits容许限total总共，和transformation转换treatment处理trimmedmean截尾均值truevalue真值t-testt检验two-tailedtest双侧检验Uunbalanced不平衡的unbiasedestimation无偏估计unbiasedness无偏性uniformdistribution均匀分布Vvalueofestimator估计值variable变量variance方差variancecomponents方差分量varianceratio方差比v
19、arious不同的vector向量Wweight加权，权重weightedaverage加权平均值withingroups组内的ZZscoreZ分数.2最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactiveconstraint活动约束activesetmethod活动集法analyticgradient解析梯度approximate近似arbitrary强制性的argument变量attainmentfactor达到因子Bbandwidth带宽beequivalentto等价于best-fit最佳拟合bound边界Ccoefficient系数complex-value复数值component分量constan
20、t常数constrained有约束的constraint约束constraintfunction约束函数continuous连续的converge收敛cubicpolynomialinterpolationmethod三次多项式插值法curve-fitting曲线拟合Ddata-fitting数据拟合default默认的，默认的define定义diagonal对角的directsearchmethod直接搜索法directionofsearch搜索方向discontinuous不连续Eeigenvalue特征值emptymatrix空矩阵equality等式exceeded溢出的Ffeasib
21、le可行的feasiblesolution可行解finite-difference有限差分first-order一阶GGauss-Newtonmethod高斯-牛顿法goalattainmentproblem目标达到问题gradient梯度gradientmethod梯度法Hhandle句柄Hessianmatrix海色矩阵Iindependentvariables独立变量inequality不等式infeasibility不可行性infeasible不可行的initialfeasiblesolution初始可行解initialize初始化inverse逆invoke激活iteration迭代
22、iteration迭代JJacobian雅可比矩阵LLagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘子large-scale大型的leastsquare最小二乘leastsquaressense最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardtmethod列文伯格-马夸尔特法linesearch一维搜索linear线性的linearequalityconstraints线性等式约束linearprogrammingproblem线性规划问题localsolution局部解Mmedium-scale中型的minimize最小化mixedquadraticandcubicpolynomialin
23、terpolationandextrapolationmethod混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective多目标的Nnonlinear非线性的norm范数Oobjectivefunction目标函数observeddata测量数据optimizationroutine优化过程optimize优化optimizer求解器over-determinedsystem超定系统Pparameter参数partialderivatives偏导数polynomialinterpolationmethod多项式插值法Qquadratic二次的quadraticinterpolationme
24、thod二次内插法quadraticprogramming二次规划Rreal-value实数值residuals残差robust稳健的robustness稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar标量semi-infinitelyproblem半无限问题SequentialQuadraticProgrammingmethod序列二次规划法simplexsearchmethod单纯形法solution解sparsematrix稀疏矩阵sparsitypattern稀疏模式sparsitystructure稀疏结构startingpoint初始点steplength步长subspacetrustregionme
25、thod子空间置信域法sum-of-squares平方和symmetricmatrix对称矩阵Tterminationmessage终止信息terminationtolerance终止容限theexitcondition退出条件themethodofsteepestdescent最速下降法transpose转置Uunconstrained无约束的under-determinedsystem负定系统Vvariable变量vector矢量Wweightingmatrix加权矩阵.3样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation逼近array数组asplineinb-form/b-splineb样条
26、asplineofpolynomialpiece/ppformspline分段多项式样条Bbivariatesplinefunction二元样条函数break/breaks断点Ccoefficient/coefficients系数cubicinterpolation三次插值/三次内插cubicpolynomial三次多项式cubicsmoothingspline三次平滑样条cubicspline三次样条cubicsplineinterpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve曲线Ddegreeoffreedom自由度dimension维数Eendconditions约束条件Iinpu
27、targument输入参数interpolation插值/内插interval取值区间Kknot/knots节点Lleast-squaresapproximation最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity重次multivariatefunction多元函数Ooptionalargument可选参数order阶次outputargument输出参数Ppoint/points数据点Rrationalspline有理样条roundingerror舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar标量sequence数列（数组）spline样条splineapproximation样条逼近/样条拟合splinefun
28、ction样条函数splinecurve样条曲线splineinterpolation样条插值/样条内插splinesurface样条曲面smoothingspline平滑样条Ttolerance允许精度Uunivariatefunction一元函数Vvector向量Wweight/weights权重.4偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsoluteerror绝对误差absolutetolerance绝对容限adaptivemesh适应性网格Bboundarycondition边界条件Ccontourplot等值线图converge收敛coordinate坐标系Ddecomposed分解的d
29、ecomposedgeometrymatrix分解几何矩阵diagonalmatrix对角矩阵DirichletboundaryconditionsDirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue特征值elliptic椭圆形的errorestimate误差估计exactsolution精确解GgeneralizedNeumannboundarycondition推广的Neumann边界条件geometry几何形状geometrydescriptionmatrix几何描述矩阵geometrymatrix几何矩阵graphicaluserinterface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperboli
30、c双曲线的Iinitialmesh初始网格Jjiggle微调LLagrangemultipliers拉格朗日乘子Laplaceequation拉普拉斯方程linearinterpolation线性插值loop循环Mmachineprecision机器精度mixedboundarycondition混合边界条件NNeumanboundaryconditionNeuman边界条件nodepoint节点nonlinearsolver非线性求解器normalvector法向量PParabolic抛物线型的partialdifferentialequation偏微分方程planestrain平面应变pl
31、anestress平面应力Poissonsequation泊松方程polygon多边形positivedefinite正定Qquality质量Rrefinedtriangularmesh加密的三角形网格relativetolerance相对容限relativetolerance相对容限residual残差residualnorm残差范数Ssingular奇异的sparcematrix稀疏矩阵stiffnessmatrix刚度矩阵subregion子域Ttriangularmesh三角形网格Uundetermined未定的uniformrefinement均匀加密uniformtrianglenet均匀三角形网络Wwaveequation波动方程