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1、慵施i防青点讲与练情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法或主观设想，不能单独使用， 需与其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词数量较多，情感色彩较重，用法比拟复 杂，是广大考生学习中的难点。下面结合典型考例，帮助大家理清情态动词的 意义和用法。一、考查情态动词的基本意义和特殊用法一些常见情态动词的基本意义以及特殊用法往往是高考考查的重点，考生应 确切理解其含义并根据句子意思使用恰当的情态动词。1. must 和 needmust表示必须”的意思，含有说话人主观上的看法和态度；need作情态动 词表示“必要，必须”，通常用于否认句和疑问句，不能用于肯定句。【典例 1 I love the weeken
2、d, because I get up early on Saturdaysand Sundays.解析：neednt。根据句子的因果关系可知，此处表示“不需要”应使用neednto【典例 2 一Cant you stay a little longer?一Its getting late. I really go now. My daughter is home alone.解析：musto此处表示个人的主观意愿，意思是“我现在必须要走了，应使 用 musto另外，must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要”； 而mustnt那么表示“禁止，不允许”，是说话人强有力的劝
3、告。【典例you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.解析：Musto根据对话的语境可知，此处表示责备，抱怨”的感情，应使用 must,意思是“你一定（非得）要吗？，2. can 和 could两者都用来表示能力，意为“能够，会”，也用来表示许可（常用在口语中） 或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度（常用于否认句，疑问句或感叹句中）。could 表示过去，也可以表示语气的委婉。【典例 1 It was really annoying； I get access to the data bankyo
4、u had recommended.解析：couldnt。根据句意可知，此处表示“不能”进入数据库，并且前面句子 中的动词用的是过去时，故应使用couldnt。【典例 2 Although you find bargains in London, its not generallya cheap place to shop.）解析：can。根据句意可知，此处表示“能够”，且后面的句子使用的是一般现 在时，故应使用can。3. shall 和 shouldshall用于第一、第三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于第二、第三人称 肯定句或否认句表示说话人给对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。s
5、hould用来表示建议、责任、义务时，意为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought t。替换；也可用来表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪，意为“竟然”。另外，should还可以 表示按常理进行的推测，意为“按理应当”。【典例 1 One of our rules is that every student wear schooluniform while at school.解析：shallo根据句意可知，此处表示学校的规定，学生在校应穿校服，具 有强制、命令的感情色彩，故应使用shall。【典例 2】It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me
6、 food.解析：shouldo此处表示惊讶，用should,意思是竟然。4. may 和 might表示允许、许可以及表示推测时，两者都可用，只是might表示的语气较委 婉或推测的语气更弱。典例 1 You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im ahundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.解析：mayo根据句意，此处表示可能性比拟大的推测，应使用may,意思 是“可能，或许”。【典例 2】Life is unpredictable； Even the poorest
7、become the richest.解析：mighto此处表示推测，但可能性小，故应使用might。二、考查情态动词表推测的用法1 .对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must, may, mighto其中，must的语气最强，意为肯 定”“准是”“想必是；may的语气次之，意为“很可能，might语气最弱，意为“有 时会”“也许”“可能”。否认推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用may / might/could not, 意思是“可能不”“也许不”；否认语气较强时，那么用cant,意思是“根本不可能”“想 必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【典例 1 】Yo
8、u be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all theseyears.解析：musto由后面的“这些年你一点没变”可知，此处表示十分肯定的推测， 应使用musto【典例 2 It be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.解析：canto由后面一句“才刚刚六点钟”可反推前面句子中门口的“肯定不是” 邮递员，故填cant。2 .对过去发生事情的推测，用“情态动词+havedone”。对过去发生事情的肯定推测用must / may / might + have done；否认推测 用can / ma
9、y / might not + have done；疑问推测用Can. have done?。【典例 1 George (go) too far. His coffee is still warm.解析：cant have gone。由后面的“他的咖啡仍然是温的”可推知“乔治根本不可能走得太远”。此处表示对过去的否认推测应使用cant have done0【典例 2Jack described his father, who(be) a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.解析：must have been。此处表示对过去的肯定推测
10、，应使用must have done, 故填 must have been。【典例 3 My MP4 player isnJt in my bag. Where I have put it?解析：cano此处表示对过去发生事情的疑问推测，应使用“Can.have done? ”,故填 can。三、考查“情态动词+have done”表示虚拟的用法1 .should + have done”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否认式表示某 种行为不该发生但却发生了。【典例 1 】一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.一Oh, ifs too b
11、ad. You have made full preparations.解析：shouldo根据对话语境可知，表示对过去发生的事情的后悔遗憾应使 用should have done,表示本应该做，而实际未做。【典例 2 I have watched that movie -itll give me horribledreams.解析:shouldnto表示本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 故填 shouldnt。2 . “would+ have done”表示本来愿意做某事而实际上没有做。其否认式表示 本不愿意做而做了。【典例】People are recycl
12、ing many things which they (throw) away in the past.解析：would have throwno表示过去本来会做而没有做的事情，用would have done。3 .“could+have done”表示本来能够做成某事，但结果却没能做成，含有遗 憾的意味。【典例】We (face) the difficulty together, but why didnJt you tell me?解析：could have facedo表示对过去本来能够做而未做某事的后悔或遗憾， 应使用could have done形式。4 .uneednt + ha
13、ve done”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。典例】I have worried before I came to the new school, for myclassmates here are very friendly to me.解析：neednK表示本没有必要做某事而实际上做了用neednt have done。四、巩固练习(一)单句填空1. He seldom listens to others. He answer for what he has done.2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How it be that he w
14、as late forthe opening ceremony?3. Ifs strange that he come so late. He is always on time foreverything.4. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you be alwayssmoking so much.5. Nancy (receive) the letter from her mother.一No, she cant have. The postman hasnt come yet.6. _I clean the dinin
15、g room at once?一Yes, you must.7. 一Where is my English book, mum?It be in Toms room. Last night he was reading it when I came tohis room.8. I tried to call you last week but your dog simply not let me comethrough the gate.9. 一 Pve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.一Do you mean we bring anythi
16、ng with us?10. The boss said to the secretary, “If you work well, you havea rise.,11. Can you believe that he marry such a girl much older thanhim?12. 一Can I tell my best friend about it?No, I dont want anyone else to know it. You tell anyone.13. 一 She looks very happy. She have passed the exam.I gu
17、ess so. Ifs not difficult after all.14. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take meto Disneyland at weekends.1. .I have a look at your new pen?16. What does the sign over there read?“No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe inthis area.”17. In crowded places like ai
18、rports and railway stations, you take care of your luggage.18. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I have taken thetrouble to carry my umbrella with me.19. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this!20. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There betwelve.21. 一What do yo
19、u think we can do for our aged parents?You do anything except to be with them and be yourself.22. John, look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?23. _we hand in our exercise-books now?一No, you neednt.24. 一May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you. You read it in here.25. Ma
20、rk have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived halfan hour early.(二)语法填空“Selfie (自拍)“ has become one of the hottest English words since it was first used in an Australian online forum in 2002. Believe it or not, it 1(name) Word of the Year in 2013 by Oxford Dictionaries.26. fie is a photo 2
21、 (take) of oneself. People usually take selfies 3(use) a smart phone and send them to a social media website. Nowadays, more and more people are taking selfies. From your best friend 4 your favorite pop star, selfies are taking over many popular websites.What 5 (make) people love selfies? Selfies 6
22、help remember whafs going on to them. Almost every day, I take a photo of myself, 7 III later save in my Zone. These photos serve as good memories of my27. (person) life, said a teenager from Hunan. Another reason for taking a selfie is that people hope to make friends online and share their feelings with others. uMy classmates and I often share selfies online. Through these photos, we get to know each other better, said another teenager in Anhui. Im too shy 9 (ask) someone to take pictures of me, but ifs easier to do it by IO (I).