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1、备战2023高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题）专题08家大和亲大（2021 浙江高考真题）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wron
2、g in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.Today, in Australia, most children on average tall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
3、The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dcpcndcnt neighborhoods with limited public transport.The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation
4、: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities （机 会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there arc lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet
5、with a good”, quickly followed by Im hungry. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my sons day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.Many primary schools suppor
6、t walking school-bus routes, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning- running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on ho
7、t ones-but its certainly worth trying.1. Why does the author mention Watkins, predictions in the first paragraph?A.To make comparisons.B.To introduce the topic.C.To support her argument.D.To provide examples.2. What has caused the decrease in Australian childrens physical activity?A.Plain laziness.B
8、.Health problems.C.Lack of time.D.Security concerns.3. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?A. She can get relaxed after work.B. She can keep physically fit.My job is to wait and watch. Let her try things, comfort her when she falls down, and keep her safe. Bring snacks, push her
9、 on a swing, but mostly let her be. Tell her the names of all the things she points to. Take her hand when she offers it because she is in a slightly unfamiliar area. The two of us never hurry. This lifestyle change astonishes me every day.Who knows how her new brain processes all this? 1 have been
10、forced by circumstance into the arms of the people I need to take care of me. Taking care of my granddaughter is a front. In fact, she gave me much more.In March 2020,1 lost my younger daughter. I cant say it was entirely unexpected. My younger daughter battled mental illness. She was only 27 years
11、old. She put herself through long treatment programs to reduce her pain. Il was as if the whole world went on leave with me. I had company for a few brief days after my younger daughters death, and then I was alone. I signed up for the various things that might reduce my suffering. I went 15 weeks w
12、ithout touching another person.Now a very small girl waits for me, watches me, comforts me, keeps me safe, and takes my hand. 30. Why has the author lost track of time?A. She feels bored with her present life.B. She has suffered from a mental disease.C. She enjoys being with her granddaughter.D. She
13、 is in sorrow over the loss of her daughter.31. The underlined word “fYont” in Paragraph 4 probably means A. dealB. mustC. burdenD. cover32. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A. The authors effort to save her younger daughter.B. The measures taken to reduce the authors suffering.C. The younger daught
14、ers battle against mental illness.D. The pain caused by an unbearable loss to the author.33. What does the author want to express in this passage?A. Its a child who has helped her to slowly recover.B. Staying with grandchildren is a comfort for elders.C. Family members should help each other out of
15、pain.D. Physical separation has harmful effects on ones health.参考答案：1. BC2. D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过否认沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。1 .推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of （he physical activity （hey need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 perc
16、ent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low as 15 percent今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比防止超重所需的体力活动少 了 2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%）”说明作者根据 沃特金斯的预言做了相关调杳，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言， 是为了介绍文章主题。应选B项。2 .细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“Families are pressed fbr time: many with both parents workin
17、g to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.（家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他 们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区）“可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故 选C项。3 .细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“But somewhere over the daily walk more about my
18、 sons day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear morc.（但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其 局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多）”说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她 的儿子。应选D项。3. C5. A6. A7. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究的结果：祖母和孙辈之间的情感更加深厚。4.
19、 推理判断题。根据第一段They also measured the brain function as the participants viewed pictures of their grandchild, an unknown child, the same sex parent of the grandchild and an unknown adult.（彳也们还测量了 参与者 在观看她们的孙辈、一个不认识的孩子、孙辈的同性父母和一个不认识的成年人的照片时的大脑功能）”可 知，他们还会测量参与者的大脑功能，由此可推知参与者的大脑被监测。应选C项。5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Res
20、earchers found that grandmothers viewing grandchild pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and movement.（研究人员发现，祖母观看孙辈的照片激活T大脑中 涉及情感移情和运动的局部）可知，祖母观看孙辈的照片时会激活她们大脑中有关情感同理心的局部，也 就是说她们和孙辈会有情感上的共鸣，由此可知，当她们看到孙辈在笑时，她们能体会到孩子的快乐。故 选A项。6. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers found that grand
21、mothers viewing grandchild pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empalhy and movement.（研究人员发现,祖母观看孙辈的照片激活了大脑中 涉及情感移情和运动的局部）”以及第三段Compared with results from an earlier study by the Rilling lab of fathers viewing photos of their Children, results showed that grandmothers activa
22、ted more parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and motivation. That suggests that grandmothers are intended to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with Ihem.（与瑞林实验室早些时候对父亲观看孩子照片的研究结 果相比，结果显示祖母激活了大脑中更多涉及情感移情和动机的局部。这意味着祖母们想要感受到她们的 孙辈与她们互动时的感受）“可知，祖母们看到孙辈的照片时，会激活大脑
23、中的情感同理心局部，作者提到 先前的研究是为了证明这一观点。应选A项。7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improved grandchild well-being,（在许多社会中,祖母是重要的照顾者，她们的付出往 往与改善孙辈的福祉有关）可知，本段主要讲述祖父母所做出的贡献。应选D项。8. AD9. BC【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者觉得母亲是一位好厨师，可是唯独不会煎牛排，
24、分析 原因发现是因为母亲成长在“大萧条”时期，直到最后才能买得起牛排，从这件引起J作者的某些感慨。8 .句意猜想题。根据第一段第一、was a good cook. Her homemade chili sauce was second to none, and the things she could do with a chicken . well, it makes my mouth water to think about it.（妈妈是个好 厨师。她自制的辣椒酱是首屈一指的，而且她用鸡肉做的东西嗯，一想到它我就流口水了）”可知，本 段主要介绍妈妈做的饭非常好吃，所以划线的句子“I o
25、nce offered to make my sister Kathys bed fbr a week if she would give me the last slice of toast made by Mom（我曾经提议，如果我妹妹凯西愿意给我妈妈做的最后 一片吐司，我可以为她铺床一周）”也是在强调妈妈是个好厨师。应选A。9 .推理判断题。根据第二段第二、a beef steak was placed in her flying pan, she turned into the anticook. She could turn that finest meat into a piece
26、 of hard protein with the smell of shoe leather.（如果在她的煎锅 里放一块牛排，她就会变成一个反烹饪者。她可以把最好的肉变成一块带有鞋革气味的坚硬的蛋白质）以 及第三段最后三句话“Suddenly I understood why others spoke of beef steaks lovingly. I wolfed down my steak. 1 was a born-again beef-eater.（突然，我明白了为什么其他人喜欢谈论牛排。我狼乔虎咽地吃下了牛排。我是 一个天生的肉食者）“可知，作者的妈妈是不会做牛排的，所以作者认为
27、牛排很难吃。但是，去餐馆吃了一 次牛排后，让作者惊讶的是牛排非常的好吃。由此可推知，作者认为牛排不再是糟糕的食物应选Do 10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Mom is really a great cook, Bud said. Think about it. She grew up during the Great Depression （大萧条）.Thats when she learned to cook. How often do you think they had steaks? It is only recently that they could afford to buy
28、steaks. So it isnt that she isnt a good cook（巴德说：妈妈真的是个很棒 的厨师。“想想看。她是在大萧条时期长大的。那时她学会了做饭。你认为他们多久吃一次牛排？直到 最近他们才买得起牛排。所以她并不是一个好厨师。“户可知，作者的妈妈并没有多少做牛排的经验导致她 做的牛排非常难吃。应选B。11 .推理判断题 o 根据最后一段Its that way with all of us, isnt it? Even our strengths have elements （成分）of weakness. Thats why great athletes stil
29、l train and great actors still practice. Greatness isnt something we are; it is something wc become. And that process （过程）of becoming includes learning and growing through both success and failure.（我们大家都是这样的，不是吗？即使是我们的优势也有弱点。这就是为什么伟大的运发动仍在 训练，伟大的演员仍在练习。伟大不是我们自己；它是我们成为的东西。而成为的过程包括在成功和失败 中学习和成长。）“可知，作
30、者通过妈妈不会作牛排的经历告诉我们，变得伟大是需要不断在失败中学习和 成长的。应选C。10. BC11. B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。以一名家长的视角阐述了一个道理：只要是家长都会关心和担忧自己的孩子。12 .推理判断题。根据文章开头“Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions?”（有没有一个神奇的截止期，让孩子们对自己的行为负责？似及根据第二段中的“When 1 was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage wa
31、iting fbr doctors to put a few stitches in my sons head.（当我二十岁的 候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针。）；和第三段中“When Iwas in my thirtiessat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class.”（30 多 岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂。）：以及第四段中 “When I wa
32、s in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting fbr the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open.（在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着 铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门翻开。）根据第 五段“By the time I was 50,1 was sick and tired of being weak. I was still wonying over my children （至ij我 50 岁 的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担忧我的孩子们）可知，作者身为家长
33、，在每个年龄段都会对孩子 时时牵挂。应选Bo.推理判断题。根据第二段中的When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son,s head.（当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上 缝几针。）；和第三段中“When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talke
34、d continually and disrupted the class.XO多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一 个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂。）；以及第四段中“When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime wailing for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open.（在我四卜多岁的时候,我花了一辈子的时间等着 铃响,等着车开回家，等着前门翻开。）根据第五段“By the time I was 50,1 was sick and tired
35、of being weak. I was still worrying over my children（到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担忧我的孩子 们）可知作者在提及各个年龄阶段，是为了说明无论孩子年龄多大，任何家长对子女的担忧和关心都是始 终如一的。C项与此符合，也与本文的主旨：每个家长都会关心和担忧自己的孩子，相符。应选C。13 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, Where were you? Fve been calling for three days, and no
36、one answered. I was worried.（上个月，我的一个孩子打 问我：“你在哪 里？我打了三天 ，没人接，我是很担忧的。）可知，作者的孩子开始关心和担忧作者了，作者觉到孩 子们懂事了长大了，因此很开心。应选B。12. CC13. DD【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在听到一首情歌的时候有感而发，主动与妻子共舞并最终亲吻了妻 子，这些都被女儿们看在眼里。大女儿为父母浓浓的爱而感动到落泪。作者认为，父母之间相互表达爱意 也会让孩子感受到被爱。15 .细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thankfully, she stayed in my arms and danced with me
37、 anyway. As the song approached the final chorus, I suddenly realized we werent alone. Our daughters were standing there watching us in silence.（谢天谢地，她留在了我的怀里，和我一起跳舞。当这首歌接近最后的副歌局部时，我突然意识 到我们并不孤单。女儿们站在那里，默默地看着我们。）可知，当作者与妻子共舞时，两个女儿正在静静地 看着他们夫妻俩。应选C项。16 .推理判断题。根据第二段中“After I pulled away, I looked over
38、and saw my elder daughter s face lit up with admiration, and her eyes filled with tears. Then she came over, buried her face in my wifes legs, and cried. （我 把车开走后，回头一看，大女儿的脸上露出赞赏的神色，眼里噫满了泪水。然后她走了过来，把脸埋在我 妻子的腿上，哭了及第六段“My daughter paused, looked up at us and said、”Loved.（我女儿停顿了 一下， 抬头看着我们，说：“我爱你。”）可推断
39、，大女儿哭泣是因为她被父母之间浓浓的爱意深深地触动了。故 选C项。17 .细节理解题。根据第七段中“It reminded me of seeing my dad kiss my mom, leaving me feeling pleasantly embarrassed as a child. I wanted to watch them kiss each other and hide my face at the same time.“（这让我想起 r看到我爸爸吻我妈妈的情景，让我感觉像个孩子一样愉快而尴尬。我想看他们亲吻对方的同时把我的脸 臧起来。）可知，小时候的作者看到父亲亲吻母亲的
40、时候会感到有点尴尬但同时也感到开心。应选D项。18 .推理判断题。根据最后一段Never overlook the power of your love for your spouse （配偶）.”（永远不要忽 视你对配偶的爱的力量。）以及“Showing marital love in front of our children is a unique chance to be both a good parent and a good spouse.（在我们的孩子面前展示婚姻的爱是一个独一无二的机会，让我们成为一个好父 母和好配偶。）可推断，作者最有可能会建议父母在孩子面前展示夫妻之间的爱
41、意.应选D项。14. AD15. CB【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母篇爱某一孩子这一现象，分析了其原因和影响，并给出建议。 19.词句猜想题。根据第二段“With plenty of evidence to suggest that being the least-favored child can fundamentally shape the personality and lead to sibling （兄弟姐妹）competitions, its no wonder that parents might worry about letting their preferenc
42、es皿.（有大量证据说明，成为最不受青睐的孩子可以从根本上塑造这个孩 子的性格，并导致兄弟姐妹之间的竞争，难怪父母会担忧自己的偏好会苑近”可知，最不受父母青睐的孩子 的性格会受到影响，甚至可能导致兄弟姐妹之间的竞争，鉴于此，结合划线词前worry about可推知，作为 父母会担忧自己的偏好被孩子发觉，害怕自己的偏好变得明显（become obvious）o应选A项。20 .推理判断题。根据第四段“Griftin says that a favoritism towards a youngest child is often to do with the social and emotiona
43、l skills associated with birth order as parents gain more practice in child-raising, （hey have a better idea of how they want to shape the childhood of the children, and what qualities arc most important to pass on.（格 里芬说，偏袒一个最小的孩子往往与和出生顺序相关的社会和情感技能有关因为父母在育儿方面获得 了更多的实践，他们更清楚他们想要如何塑造孩子们的童年，需要传递的最重要的品
44、质是什么）“可知，大 多数父母偏爱最小的孩子是因为他们有了育儿经验，更了解如何抚养孩子。应选D项。21 .细节理解题。根据第五段“Children who grow up in families where they feel that they are treated unfairly may experience a deep sense of unworthiness（在感觉受到不公平对待的家庭中长大的孩子可能会有一种深深 的自卑感）”可知，当孩子们受到不公平对待时.，他们会有自卑感，进行自我否认。应选C项。22 .推理判断题。根据最后一段 Griffin 的话“The importan
45、t thing to remember is that having a favorite child does not mean that you love your other children less.（重要的是要记住，拥有一个最喜欢的孩子并不意味着你 对其他孩子的爱就会减少）“可推知，Griffin并不反对父母拥有一个最喜欢的孩子，但她提醒不能因此减少 对其它孩子的爱，由此推知，Griffin对父母的偏爱持客观态度。应选B项。16. AB17. BC【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和母亲一直对于对方的幽默不能理解，直到母亲逝世后，才发 现是由于自己没有从母亲的角度去理解她。最后
46、，作者希望能在母亲活着的时候和她提供那些笑声，但是 作者最终理解了母亲的那些笑话，终于和母亲建立了联系。23 .细节理解题。根据第三段“To make matters worse, the feeling was mutual : though our social circle swore that she was humorous, I never saw it. My mother was supposedly very funny in her first language, Anishinaabemowinan Indigenous language, but alas, I did
47、nt speak it. At family gatherings, when somebody would say something “fUnny” in Anishinaabemowin, shed explain it to me. Sometimes the humour translated. Sometimes it didnt”（更糟糕的是，这种感觉是相互的：虽然我们的社交圈都说她很幽默，但我从来没有看 到过。我的母亲在她的第一语言anishinaabemowin（一种土著语言）中被认为非常有趣，但是，唉，我不会说 这种语言。在家庭聚会上，当有人用Anishinaabemowi
48、n说一些“有趣”的事情时，她会向我解释。有时幽默 被翻译出来了。有时候没有。）可知，是语言障碍阻碍了作者和他的母亲相互理解对方的幽默。应选A项。24 .细节理解题。根据笫五、六段中“During the funeral, in the tears, family member after family member got up and recounted things she had done and said over the years. To my surprise, I （bund myself laughing. Suddenly I remembered a moment fro
49、m the early 90s, when my mother asked me, completely serious, what uowic meant in French. I struggled to come up with an answer until I spelled it out in my mind: oui （“yes in English）.More and more stories about her surfaced. Wc laughed as we remembered her.”（在葬礼上，一个又一个的家人哭着站起来， 讲述她多年来做过的事情和说过的话。令我惊讶的是，我发现自己笑了。突然，我想起了 90年代初的一个 时刻，我母亲非常严肃地问我，“owie”在法语中是什么