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1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying free play”, I stepped tothe doorway of the classroom to take a
2、break. Suddenly, I a movement of theheavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2 guided the children through toensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill （寒意 ）go through my body.My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of mykindergarteners who I thought was 3
3、that day. He had been dropped off atschool late and was 4 to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him tothe hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. Hed need time to 5, andwouldn come for class the nextday, I thought.The next morning,
4、one of the first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy. Notonly did he run in with energy, but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever! I gavehim a warm hug and told him how 8 I was to see him. His words have stayedwith me all these years, I knew you would open the door.That cold Monday morning, he waited
5、 a long, long while for adults to 9 .To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didnt attempt to walk back home; hewaited and trusted. This five-year-old2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语参考答案taught me a powerful lesson in10 .JL1. A. causedB spottedC checkedD. imagined2. A. hesitantlyB randomlyC. dizzil
6、yD. carefully3. A. angryB absentC. specialD. noisy4. A. courageousB contentC. unableD. unwilling5. A. recoverB . playC. changeD. wait第一局部知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分）1. B 2. D3. B4. C5. A6. C7. D8. B9. A10. C第二节（共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分）11. in 12. to harm 13. caught 14. supported 15. whether16. has 1
7、7. themselves 18. which 19. worse 20. has increased第二局部阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每题2分，共28分）21. D22. B23. D24. C25. A26. B27. C28. C 29. A 30. BA 32. C 33. A34. D第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）G36. B37. D38. F39. C第三局部书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption o
8、f sugary drinks by kids at his ownschool.41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but thenstruggle for a take-along option.42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because henot only provides healthy alternatives to sugaiy drinks b
9、ut also donates all theprofits to the OHGTom donates part of the profits to the OHG.43. 略。第二节（20分）范文：Dear Jim,Hows everything?Im writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Ourclassmates seem to be weak in organisation. Would you please give us some suggestionson how to conne
10、ct sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structurean essay?The talk will be about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience.Please let me know which platform youll be using. It would be great if we could have al0-minute question and answer session at the end of
11、your talk.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua6. A. settle7. A. sneeze8. A. lucky9. A. show up10. A. gratitudeB gatherB weepB happyB. pull upB forgivenessC arriveC. complaintC curiousC. hold upD reactD - laughterD nervousD. line upC. faithD. kindness第二节（共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分）阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词
12、的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Helen was walking down the street late 11 the evening, her arms filledwith grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didnt notice her wallet fallingout of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearfulthat he m
13、ight have an intention 12 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually,the man 13 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!BWhy do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. Its easyto
14、explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. Thishas been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we canraise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.CSince people
15、 cant always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get takeout ororder delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especiallyplastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only goodfbr one use. Thats a big problem and it is getting even 19 (bad). The use oftho
16、se plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world wont survive ifthis situation continues.第二局部阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每题2分，共28分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂Peer （同伴）Assisted Study Sessions （PASS） is a peer-facilitated learning programmeavailable to students enrolled （ 注册 ）in mos
17、t core units of study in our business school.PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle speciallyprepared problem sets, based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver new content. Its an opportunity to deepen yourunderstanding of the key points f
18、rom lecture materials while you are applying yourskills to solve problems.You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what iscovered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.Waitin
19、g listsIf a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a placebecomes available or if a new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells youwhere you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, y
20、ou have a good chanceof gaining a place in the programme in the near future.DeregisteringIf you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your placewill be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheetat each session to record your attendance.Yo
21、ull be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missingsessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office atpassofficeumbs. edu.21. In PASS, students.A. attend new lecturesB. decide their own schedulesC. prepare problem sets in groupsD. use the
22、ir skills to solve problems22. What can students do if a session is full?A. Fill in the attendance sheet.B. Sign up for the waiting list.C. Report their needs and feedback.D. Email the office their numbers on the list.23. Students will be deregistered if.A. they send emails in errorB they fail to wo
23、rk interactivelyC. they give their places to othersC. they give their places to othersD. they miss two sessions in a rowBMy name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled （ 削弱）my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year Istruggled
24、on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencieswere the main root of this: 1 wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously inlife is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at myhigh school.
25、His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge aninner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner withhim and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speakone-on-one with him-an idea that had seemed completely impossi
26、ble. This firstcontact was where my story began.A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference.Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunitiesthat my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Aliceenthus
27、iastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth fbr Planet groups were sent around through my highschool. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of agrowing global team of young people working to p
28、rotect nature. Each of these newsteps continued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that mybiggest obstacle （ 障碍 ）this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of myhead telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people
29、 from reaching theirpotential: I cant. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab everyopportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does notrequire our patience, but our action.24. What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?A.Her inability to act her age.B.H
30、er habit of consumption.C Her desire to be perfect.D.Her lack of inspiration.25. . How did Grant Brown 5s presentation influence Alice?A.She decided to do somethingfor nature.B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship.C. She learned about the harm of desire.D. She built up her courage to speak up.26.
31、The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more.A. intelligentB confidentC. innovativeD critical. What can we learn from this passage?A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.C. Action is worrys worst enemy.D. Everything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if
32、 there were no hunger?” Ws a question that ProfessorCrystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, becauseimagining something that isnt part of real life-and learning how to make it real-is arare skill. Tt is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to sci
33、entists. Crystalset out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result-an approachknown as systems thinking-is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and betternutrition because it requires consideri
34、ng the way in which food is produced, processed,delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect （交叉）with humanhealth, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking,changing the food system一or any other network-requires three things to happen. First,researche
35、rs need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work outhow they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impactof those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security,
36、 the number ofundernourished （营养 彳二良）people in the world has been rising, despite great advances innutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealingthe relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases.But using machine learning an
37、d artificial intelligence, some scientists propose thathuman diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals-and that the vast majority are notknown.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption thateveryone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food
38、systemis not an equal one. A good way to redress （修正）such power imbalance is for moreuniversities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systemsapproach.More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry mustlearn to look beyond their direct lines of re
39、sponsibility and adopt a systems approach.Crystal knew that visions alone dont produce results, but concluded that “well neverproduce results that we cant envision”.28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to.A. illustrate an argumentB. highlight an opinionC. introduce the topicD.
40、predict the ending29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?A. The first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.B The relationships among players have been clarified.C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.30. As for
41、systems thinking, which would the author agree with?A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.B It can be applied to tackle challenges.C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.D. It goes beyond human imagination.DQuantum （量子）computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has beensending me a
42、rticles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggestchallenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computingexperts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keepthe field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades,
43、quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity.Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smallerones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us cure cancer, andeven take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction75 Thi
44、s is the sort of hype（炒作 ）that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cantkeep. Whats new,“ Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentiallyavailable to quantum computing researchers.As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers ma
45、ymislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all themselves about their workpotential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone throughstages of excitement. But something abo
46、ut quantum computing makes it especiallyprone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something coolyou shouldnt be able to understand?9 And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggestedthat I read his book Qfor Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questi
47、ons about it. He alsoanswered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylorshares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply toPyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin （ 幅度 ）“to building a “usefiil“ quantu
48、m computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that wewould not have been able to solve otherwise?9 He adds, People will naturally discountmy opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doingwith others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin，asTaylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone elseto invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnsons concerns, the a