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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。土木工程英语证书PEC考试土木工程材料词汇-土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-土木工程材料词汇A阿太堡界限Atterberglimits奥氏体AusteniteB坝Dams饱和度DegreeOfsaturation比表面积Specificsurface比重specificgravity表面张力surfacetension冰渍glacialtill玻璃纤维增强塑料Glass-fibrereinforcedplastics泊松比Poissonsratio波特兰水泥Portlandcement化学成分chemi
2、calcomposition浆体的凝结settlingofpaste整体的硬化hardeningofpaste品种types强度strength水化hydration细度fineness制造manufacture波特兰水泥的标号Portlandcement，grades白色和彩色波特兰水泥whiteandcoloured波特兰高炉水泥blastfurnace超高早强波特兰水泥ultra-highEarly-strength低热波特兰高炉水泥low-heatblastfurnace低热波特兰水泥low-heat防水波特兰水泥waterproof抗硫酸盐波特兰水泥sulphate-resistin
3、g快硬波特兰水泥rapid-hardening普通波特兰水泥ordinary特快硬波特兰水泥extra-rapid-hardening引气波特兰水泥air-entraning憎水波特兰本泥hydrophobic不锈钢Steel,stainlessC层状土Layeredsoil超固结比Overconsolidationratio(OCR)超灵敏度土Quickclay沉淀试验Sedimentationtest沉降Settlement固结沉降consolidationSettlement瞬时沉降ImmediateSettlement预测沉降predictionSettlement重结晶Recryst
4、allisation稠度指数Consistencyindex触变性Thixotropy粗木工Falseworkcarpentry淬火Quenching脆性断裂BrittlefractureD达西定律Darcyslaw单晶Singlecrystals单位晶胞Unitcell单位重Weightunit导热系数Thermalconductivity道路胶结料混合物Bindermixturesforroads等粘滞温度(eVt)Equi-viscoustemperature(evt)低共熔Eutectic地下水groundwater地下水流动groundwaterflow地下水面groundwater
5、surface地下水位表面Phreaticsurface地下水位计表面Piezometricsurface地用织物GeoTextiles点阵结构Latticestructures电镀Electroplating电极电位Electrodepotentlials电子Electrons淀析硬化Precipitationhardening冻胀Heave,frost镀锌Galvanising锻钢Wroughtsteel多晶型变化PolymorphicchangeF反作甩式木材Reactionwood防潮处理Tanking防护涂料(见腐蚀防护和个别材料的条目)Protectivecoatings非破损性试
6、验Nondestructivetesting拔出试验pull-outtest超声波脉冲法ultrasonicpulsemethod断裂试验break-offtest共振法resonancemethod贯人试验penetrationtest硬度方法hardnessmethod分解剪应力Resolvedshearstress粉化Efflorescence粉土Silt腐蚀Corrosion钢腐蚀steel铝腐蚀aluminium铜腐蚀copper腐蚀防护Corrosionprevention工业等级钢的防腐蚀commercladsteels合金的防腐蚀alloys复合材料CompositesG干腐D
7、ryrot钢Steel锻件forgings钢号grades热处理heattreatment铸件castings钢的回火Temperingofsteel钢的生锈Rustingofsteel高强混凝土Concrete,highstrength各向异性Anisotropy共聚物Copolymers共析Eutectoid固结试验Oedometertest固溶体Solidsolutions间隙固溶体interstitial置换固溶体substitutional管材Piping管涌Piping灌浆grouts广义达西方程Darcyequation,extended硅酸钙砖见砖过滤体的准则Filters.c
8、riterionfor过载应力0verburdenstress过热钢0verheatedsteelH含水量Watercontent最佳含水量optimum焊接Welding宏观结构Macrostructure宏观构造Macrofabric滑移Slip滑移带Slipbands化合物Compounds黄土Loess活性Activity恢复Recovery混凝土Concrete分类specification非破损性试验nondestructivetesting流态混凝土flowing配合比设计mixdesign试配trialmixes外加剂admixtures新拌混凝土的性质fresh，proper
9、tiesof养护curing硬化混凝土的性质hardenedpropertiesof质量控制qualitycontrol组成constituents混凝土的变形Deformationofconcrete泊松比Poissonsratio经时变形timedependency收缩shrinkage弹性模量modulusofelasticity混凝土的分类specificationofconcrete设计混合料designedmixes指定混合料prescribedmixes混凝土的合易性Workabilityofconcrete捣实因数试验compactingfactortest测量measurem
10、ent流动桌试验flowtabletest塌落度试验slumpfeltV-B稠度试验V-Bconsistometertest影响合易性的因素factorsaffecting混凝土的离析Segregationofconcrete混凝土砌块见砌块混凝土的强度Strengthofconcrete标准离差standarddeviation断裂模量modulusofrupture抗拉强度tensile抗压强度compressive设计平均强度designmean特征强度characteristic影响混凝土强度的因素factorsinfluencing混凝土的耐久性Durabilityofconcret
11、e风化weathering化学侵蚀chemicalattack碱集料反应alkali-aggregatereactions硫酸盐侵蚀sulphateattack磨损wear溶析leaching渗透性permeability体积变化volumechanges吸水性absorption混凝土的收缩Shrinkageofconcrete干燥收缩drying塑性收缩plastic自动收缩autogeneous混凝土的弹性变形Deformationofconcreteelastic混凝土的稳定性Stabilityofconcrete离析segregation泌水bleeding混凝土的性质Concret
12、eproperties变形deformation和易性workability耐久性durability强度strength渗透性permeability收缩shrinkage稳定性stability混凝土的徐变变形Deformationofconcretecreep混凝土的养护Curingofconcrete混凝土质量控制QualitycontrolofConcrete标准离差standarddeviation累计控制图表cumulativeBumcontrolchart谢瓦尔特控制图表ShewartcontrolchartJ机械双晶作用Mechanicaltwining机制砖Flettonb
13、rick集料Aggregates粗集料coarse普通集料normal轻集料lightweight天然混合集料all-in细集料fine重集料heavyweight集料的性质Aggregateproperties变形deformation表面织构surfacetexture当量平均直径equivalentmeandiameter含水量moisturecontent级配grading级配模量gradingmodulus孔隙率porosity品种types强度strength韧性toughness物理性质physicalproperties相对密度relativedensity形状shape硬度h
14、ardness级配过滤体Filters，graded季节性粘上Varvedclay加工硬化Workhardening加载滤体Filters，loaded剪胀性Dilatancy胶合木Gluedlaminatedtimber胶结料Binders焦油胶结料tars沥青胶结料bitumens胶结料混合物Bindermixtures掺橡胶的胶结料rubberisedbinders乳化胶结培料emulsions稀释胶结料cutbacks碰煤沥青一沥青胶结料混合物pitchbitumenblends胶结料性质Binderproperties刚度模量stiffnessmodulus化学性质chemicalp
15、roperties耐久性durability软化点softeningpoint物理性质physicalproperties粘合性adhesion针入度指数penetrationindex交联Cross-linking焦油Tar焦油碎石路Tarmacadam接触水分Contactmoisture结构钢steelstructural结构木工Structuralcarpentry海洋工程marinework结构工程constructionalwork金属的变形Deformationofmetals塑性变形Plastic弹性变形elastic金属的晶体结构Crystallinestructureofm
16、etals金属的抗拉性质Tensilepropertiesofmetals定义definition合金和钢参见个别材料条目alloyssteeI金属的强化Strengtheningofmetals紧密堆积Closepacking晶界Grainboundary晶粒Grain晶粒结构Grainstructure晶粒生长Graingrowth聚丙烯Polypropylene聚醋酸乙烯酯Poly(Vinylacetate)聚合Polymerisation聚合物Polymers定义Definition聚合物alleye共和物hybrids灌浆grouts加工processing可燃性firebehavi
17、our链chain膜membranes耐久性durability粘弹性viscoelasticity配料compounding品种types泡沫foams泡沫的多孔的cellular乳液乳化emulsions缩写词abbreviations添加剂additives烃类hydrocarbon网状network纤维fibres纤维增强fibre-reinforced性质properties徐变creep黏合剂adhesives支承bearings织物textiles聚合物的耐久性Durabilityofpoymers聚合物改性混凝土Concreie，polymer-modified聚氯乙烯Poly
18、(vinylchloride)聚四氟乙烯Poly(tetrafluorethylene)聚酰胺Polyamides聚乙烯Polyethylene聚酯Polyesters均匀系数Uniformitycoefficientk抗剪角Angleofshearingresoistance不排水的undrained残余residual有效的，排水的effective，drained抗剪强度Shearstrength抗剪强度试验tests现场抗剪强度insite颗粒粒径分布Particlesizedistribution颗粒形状和织物Particleshapeandtexture可焊性Weldability
19、结构钢可焊性structuralsteel铝合金可焊性a|uminiumalloys空气孔隙含量A1rvoidscontent孔隙比Voidratio最大和最小孔隙比maximumandminimum孔隙度Porosity孔隙水Porewater空隙水负压Suction，porewater孔隙水压力Porewaterpressure控制图表Controlcharts累计控制图表cumulativesumL累计技术Cumulativesumtechniques冷加工Coldwork冷加工后退火Annealingaftercoldwork沥青Asphalt精制冷沥青finecold玛蹄酯masti
20、c浓缩天然岩沥青compressednaturalrock热碾沥青hot-rolled沥青材料Bituminousmaterials道路用沥青材料forroads防水涂层用沥青材料forwaterproofcoatings水利工程用沥青材料forhydraulicworks沥青道路材料Bituminousroadmaterials底层bases垫层basecourse耐磨层wearingcourse沥青的介电常数Bitumenpermittivity沥青混合物Bituminousmixtures分析analysis和易性(施工度)workability耐久性durability强度streng
21、th柔韧性flexibility设计design性能试验performancetests沥青混凝土Asphalticconcrete砾石gravel力学分析Mechanicalanalysis临界孔隙比Criticalvoidratio硫酸盐侵蚀Sulphateattack铝Aluminium工业等级铝commercialgrades铝可锻合金Aluminiumwroughtalloys铝铸造合金AluminiumcastingalloysM马氏体Martensite马歇尔试验Marshalltest毛细管水上升Capillaryrise毛细管边缘Capillaryfringe毛细管虹吸Cap
22、illarysiphon毛细管水Capillarywater敏感性Sensitivity摩尔破坏包络线Mohrfailureenvelope摩尔圆Mohrdiagram某一点应力Stressofpoint木材Timber防腐preservation干燥seasoning含水量moisturecontent耐久性durability品种types强度strength侵害infestation缺陷defects细胞结构cellstructure应用uses木材的防腐Timberpreservation敞箱作业opentankapplication防腐剂preservatives加压作业pressu
23、reapplication浸泡steeping浸蘸dipping刷涂作业brushapplication淹浸deluging木材的防腐剂Preservativesfortimber焦油防腐剂taroil水溶性防腐剂water-soluble有机溶剂防腐剂organicsolvent木材的干燥Timberseasoning通风干燥airseasoning窑干kilndrying木材的含水量Cohesion术材的锯制Conversionoftimber木材的耐久性Durabilityoftimber木材的强度Strengthoftimber应力等级stressgrading木材的侵害Infesta
24、tionoftimber昆虫侵害insects真菌生长侵害fungalgrowth木材的缺陷Defectsintimber干燥缺陷seasoning化学缺陷chemical锯制缺陷conversion天然缺陷natural木节KnotsN尼龙Nylon泥炭Pest粘度Viscosity粘度计viscometers粘度系数coefficient针入度试验penetrationtest粘度计Viscometers标准焦油粘度计standardtar等帖滞温度粘度计evi滑板粘度计slidingplate毛细管粘度计capillary旋转粘度计torsion粘土Clay超灵敏粘土quick海洋粘土m
25、arine粘土制品Clayproducts粘土砖见砖粘性CohesionP排水Drainage排水过滤体Filters，drainage配合比设计Mixdesign试配trialmixes膨胀系数SwellingindexpF值pFvaluepH值pHvalue疲劳Fatigue漂砾石Boulders平衡图Equilibriumdiagrams铝镁平衡图aluminium-magnesium铝一铜平衡图aluminiumcopper平衡图原理principles铅一锡平衡图lead-tin铁一碳平衡图iron-carbon铜一锡平衡图copper-tin铜一锌平衡图copper-zinc普通碳
26、钢Steel，plaincarbonQ漆Paint砌块Block尺寸size尺寸变化dimensionalchanges导热性thermalconductivity基本型式basicforms集混凝土砌块aggregateconcrete加气混凝土砌块aeratedconcrete密度density耐久性soldering强度strength性质properties制造manufacture组成材料constituentmaterials砌块砌体见砖砌体和砌块砌体铅Lead钎焊Brazing切口延性Notchductility切口延性钢Steelnotchductile侵蚀Etching渠道C
27、anals曲率系数Curvature,coefficientR热处理Heattreatment铜的热处理steel铝合金的热处理aluminiumalIoys热传导率Thermaltransmittance热固性塑料Thermosets加工processing热如工Hotworking热塑性塑料Thermoplastics热阻ThermaIresistance溶析作用Leaching容量，密度Density，bulk饱和容重saturated干容重dry淹没容重submerged自然容重natural蠕变Creep乳液，乳化Emulsions乳化剂emulsifyingagents软焊Head
28、ofwater软化点softeningpoint环-球试验ringandballtest软木SoftwoodsS三轴压缩仪Triaxialcompressionapparatus砂Sand砂性沥青Sandasphalt砂性玛碲脂Sandmastic闪点Flashpoint渗碳体Cementite渗透系数Permeabilitycoefficient渗透性Permeability渗透性试验Permeability，testfor湿腐蚀Wetcorrosion湿腐朽Wetrot时效硬化Agehardening树Trees分类classification锯制conversion生长结构growths
29、tructure细胞状结构cellularstructure水Water水力梯度Hydraulicgradient水泥Cement波特兰水泥Portland超硫酸盐水泥supersulphated高铝水泥high-alumina火山灰质水泥pozzolanic矿渣水泥slag品种types水头Headofwater松弛Relaxation塑性（参见聚合物和个别材料条目)Plastics管材塑料pipe结构用塑料structure涂料塑料coatings塑限Plasticlimit塑性指数Plasticityindex缩限ShrinkagelimitT弹性Elasticity弹性模量Modulu
30、sofelasticity弹性体E1wtomers碳化作用Carbonation特殊用途钢Steelforspecificuses包覆用钢cladding高抗拉力螺栓用钢hightensilebolts混凝土钢筋concretereinforcement桥梁用钢丝bridgewire铁路用钢railways预应力混凝土用钢prestressedconcrete填料Filler填土Fill铁素体Ferrite铜Copper透视图Terraindiagram涂料Coatings土soil搬运土transported残积土residual勘探exploration描述description膨胀和非膨
31、胀土壤Swellingandmonswelling土的起源origin稳定作用stabilisation现场鉴定fieldidentification颜色colour有机的土organic土的剖面Soilprofile土的压实Compactionofsoils土分类系统Classificationsystemforsoil土化学组成含量Chemicalcontentofsoils土结构的压缩性Compressibilityofsoilstructure退火AnnealingW外加剂Admixtures超塑化剂superplasticisers促凝剂acceleratingagents防水剂wa
32、ter-repellingagents缓凝剂retarders火山灰pozzolanas减水剂water-reducets塑化剂plasticisers填充剂porefillers颜料pigments引气剂air-entrainingagents粘结剂bondingagents微观结构Microstructure微细构造造Microfabric位错Dislocations无侧限抗压强度UnconfinedcompressionstrengthX锡Tin稀释Cutbacks细木工Finishingjoinery现场鉴定Fieldidentification相Phases相对密度relatived
33、ensity相图见平衡图锌Zinc心材Heartwood新鲜木材greentimber徐变CreepY压缩Compression侧限压缩constrained弹性压缩elastic压缩性Compressibility体积压缩系数coefficientofvolume压缩系救coefficient压缩指数Compressionindex岩石Rooks变质岩metamorphic火成岩igneous水成岩sedimentary岩土工程学Geotechnology延性Ductility延性断裂Ductilefracture阳极氧化Anodising杨氏模量Youngsmodulus土的杨氏模量soi
34、l砖的杨氏模量brick氧化oxidation氧化沥青Oxidisedbitumen结合jointing添加剂additives液限Liquidlimit液性指数Liquidityindex一维固结Consolidationone-dimensional易冻性Frostsusceptibility阴极保护Cathodicprotection结构钢阴极保护structuralsteel土埋钢管阴极保护buriedsteelpipes原理principles应力等级Stressgrading应力轨迹Stresspath应力倾斜角Obliquityofstress应力应变关系Stress-strai
35、nrelationship影响混凝土徐变的因素Deformationofconcretefactoryinfluencing硬沥青Pitch硬木Hardwoods有效应力Effectivestress预先固结应力PrecosolidationstressZ粘合剂Adhesives着火点Firepoint真菌腐朽Fungaldecay真菌生长Fungalgrowth针入度试验Penetrationtest针入度指数Penetrationindex正火Normalising织物Textiles织物结构Fahricstructures制砖粘土Claybrick-making珠光体Pearlite主应
36、力Principalstress铸件Castings铸铁Castiron砖Brick尺寸size煅烧firing分类classification硅酸钙砖calciumsilicate抗压强度compressivestrength密度density耐久性durability强度strength热的性质thermalproperties吸水性Waterabsorption性质properties原材料rawmaterials制造manufacture制砖粘土claysformaking砖中的可溶盐solublesaltin砖的抗压强度Compressivestrengthofbrick自然实效钢weatheringsteels总应力TotaIstress阻止剂缓蚀剂Inhibitors最大过去压力Maximumpastpressure-