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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。先锋无线电工程师权力观-先锋无线电工程师权力观PIONEERRADIOENGINEERGIVESVIEWSONPOWERbyNikolaTeslaNewYorkHeraldTribune,September11,1932TeslaSaysWirelessWavesAreNotElectromagnetic,ButSoundInNatureHoldsSpaceNotCurved燩redictsPowerTransmissiontoOtherPlanetsbyNikolaTeslaTheassumption
2、oftheMaxwellianetherwasthoughtnecessarytoexplainthepropagationoflightbytransversevibrations,whichcanonlyoccurinasolid.Sofascinatingwasthistheorythatevenatpresentithasmanysupporters,despitethemanifestimpossibilityofamedium,perfectlymobileandtenuoustoadegreeinconceivable,andyetextremelyrigid,likesteel
3、.Asaresultsomeillusionaryideashavebeenformedandvariousphenomenaerroneouslyinterpreted.Theso梒alledHertzwavesarestillconsideredarealityprovingthatlightiselectricalinitsnature,andalsothattheetheriscapableoftransmittingtransversevibrationsoffrequencieshoweverlow.ThisviewhasbecomeuntenablesinceIshowedtha
4、ttheuniversalmediumisagaseousbodyinwhichonlylongitudinalpulsescanbeprop璦gated,involvingalternatingcompressionsandexpansionssimilartothoseproducedbysoundwavesintheair.Thus,awirelesstransmitterdoesnotemitHertzwaveswhichareamyth,butsoundwavesintheether,behavingineveryrespectlikethoseintheair,exceptthat
5、,owingtothegreatelasticforceandextremelysmalldensi璽yofthemedium,theirspeedisthatoflight.SuggestedShortWavesEarly.Sincewavesofthiskindareallthemorepenetrating,theshortertheyare,Ihaveurgedtheexpertsengagedinthecommercialapplicationofthewirelessarttoemployveryshortwaves,butforalongtimemysuggestionswere
6、notheeded.Eventually,though,thiswasdone,andgraduallythewavelengthswerereducedtobutafewmeters.Invariablyitwasfoundthatthesewaves,justasthoseintheair,followthecurvatureoftheearthandbendaroundobstacles,apeculiarityex環ibitedtoamuchlesserdegreebytransversevibrationsinasolid.Recently,how璭ver,ultrashortwav
7、eshavebeenexperimentedwithandthefactthattheyalsohavethesamepropertywashailedasagreatdiscovery,offeringthestupendouspromisetomakewirelesstransmissioninfinitelysimplerandcheaper.?brItisofinteresttoknowwhatwirelessexpertshaveexpected,knowingthatwavesafewmeterslongaretransmittedcleartotheantipodes.Isthe
8、reanyreasonthattheywouldbehaveradicallydifferentwhentheirlengthisreducedtoabouthalfofonemeter?WavesGoAroundWorld.Asthegeneralknowledgeofthissubjectseemsverylimited,Imaystate,thatevenwavesonlyoneortwomillimeterslong,whichIproducedthirty-threeyearsago,providedthattheycarrysufficientenergy,canbetransmi
9、ttedaroundtheglobe.Thisisnotsomuchduetorefractionandreflectionastothepropertiesofagaseousmediumandcertainpeculiaraction,whichIshallexplainsometimeinthefuture.Atpresentitmaybesufficienttocallattentiontoanimportantfactinthisconnection,namely,thatthisbendingofthebeamprojectedfromreflectordoesnotaffecti
10、ntheleastitsbehaviorinotherrespects.Asregardsdeflectioninahorizontalplane,itactsjustasthoughitwerestraight.Tobeexplicitthehorizontaldeviationsarecomparativelyslight.Inaproposedultrashortwavetransmission,theverticalbending,farfrombeinganadvantage,isaseriousdraw璪ack,asitincreasedgreatlytheliabilityofd
11、isturbancesbyobstaclesattheearth抯surface.Thedownwarddeflectionalwaysoccurs,irrespectiveofwavelength,andalsoifthebeamisthrownupwardatanangletothehorizontal,andthistendencyis,accordingtomyfinding,allthemorepronouncedthebiggertheplanet.Onabodyaslargeasthesun,itwouldbeimpossibletoprojectadis璽urbanceofth
12、iskindtoanyconsiderabledistanceexceptalongthesurface.ItmightbeinferredthatIamalludingtothecurvatureofspacesupposedtoexistaccordingtotheteachingsofrelativity,butnothingcouldbefurtherfrommymind.Iholdthatspacecannotbecurved,forthesimplereasonthatitcanhavenoproperties.ItmightaswellbesaidthatGodhasproper
13、ties.Hehasnot,butonlyattributesandtheseareofourownmaking.Ofpropertieswecanonlyspeakwhendealingwithmatterfillingthespace.Tosaythatinthepresenceoflargebodiesspacebecomescurved,isequivalenttostatingthatsomethingcanactuponnothing.I,forone,refusetosubscribetosuchaview.NeedRadioChannelsThechiefobjectofemp
14、loyingveryshortwavesistoprovideanincreasednumberofchannelsrequiredtosatisfytheever-growingdemandforwirelessappliances.Butthisisonlybecausethetransmittingandreceivingapparatus,asgenerallyemployed,isill-conceivedandnotwelladaptedforselection.Thetransmittergeneratesseveralsystemsofwaves,allofwhich,exce
15、ptone,areuseless.Asaconsequence,onlyaninfinitesimalamountofenergyreachesthereceiverandde璸endenceisplacedonextremeamplification,whichcanbeeasilyaffectedbytheuseoftheso-calledthree-electrodetubes.Thisinventionhasbeencreditedtoothers,butasamatteroffact,itwasbroughtoutbymein1892,theprinciplebeingdescrib
16、edandillustratedinmylecturebeforetheFranklinInstituteandNationalElectricLightAssof7iation.InmyoriginaldeviceIputaroundthein璫andescentfilamentaconductingmember,whichIcalleda搒ieve.?Thisdeviceisconnectedtoawireleadingoutsideofthebulbandservestomodifythestreamofparticlesprojectedfromthefilamentaccording
17、tothechargeimpartedtoit.Inthismanneranewkindofdetector,rectifierandamplifierwasprovided.Manyformsoftubesonthisprinciplewereconstructedbymeandvariousinterestingef璮ectsobtainedbytheirmeansshowntovisitorsinmylaboratoryfrom1893to1899,whenIundertooktheerectionofanexperimentalworld梥ystemwirelessplantatCol
18、oradoSprings.Duringthelastthirty-twoyearsthesetubeshavebeenmadeveritablemarvelsofmechanicalperfection,butwhilehelpfulinmanywaystheyhavedrawntheexpertsawayfromthesimplerandmuchsuperiorarrangement,whichIattemptedtointroducein1901.Myplansinvolvedtheuseofahighlyeffectiveandefficienttransmitterconveyingt
19、oanyreceiveratwhateverdistance,arelativelylargeamountofener璯y.Thereceiverisitselfadeviceofelementarysimplicitypartakingofthechar璦cteristicsoftheear,exceptthatitisimmenselymoresensitive.Insuchasys璽emresonantamplificationistheonlyonenecessaryandtheselectivityissogreatthatanydesirednumberofseparatechan
20、nelscanbeprovidedwithoutgoingtowavesshorterthanafewmeters.Forthisreason,andbecauseofothershortcomings,Idonotattachmuchimportancetotheemploymentofwaves,whicharenowbeingexperimentedwith.Besides,Iamcontemplatingthepracticaluseofanotherprinciple,whichIhavediscoveredandwhichisalmostunlimitedinthenumberof
21、channelsandintheenergythree-electrodetubes.Thisinventionhasbeencreditedtoothers,butasamatteroffact,itwasbroughtoutbymein1892,theprinciplebeingtransmitted.Itshouldenableustoobtainmanyimportantresultsheretoforeconsideredimpossible.Withtheknowledgeofthefactsbeforeme,Idonotthinkithazardoustopredictthatwewillbeenabledtoilluminatethewholeskyatnightandthateventuallywewillflashpowerinvirtuallyunlimitedamountstoplanets.Itwouldnotsurprisemeatallifanexperimenttotransmitthousandsofhorsepowertothemoonbythisnewmethodweremadeinafewyearsfromnow.-