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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精,善益求善。南坪市控制测量设计-南坪市控制测量设计说明书班级:*姓名:*学号:*(一).作业任务及测区概况1.作业目的及任务范围作业目的:南坪市位于四川省。要求在XX年XX月之前,完成建网任务。在全市范围内建立有足够精度的平面控制网和高程网,平面控制网设计精度为城市四等,高程网以三角高程布设,同时还需通过水准联测确定三角高程中高程中误差最大(最弱点)的水准高程。按相关要求,在已有1:25000的南坪市地图上进行图上设计,并进行对比,选择最佳方案作为最后设计成果,用于施测。任务范围:南边靠近泸州市隆昌县,资阳市资中县
2、,重庆市大足县,西边与乐山市荣县接壤,总面积约362km,总人口近53万。2.测区概况1.地理概况本测区为四川省东南部,面积约362km,测区属丘陵地带。测区内主要城镇有何龙庄,周际村,大吕李,五和庄,许宗村,何龙庄等二十多个成分列式的场镇。在测区东南面有旅游景区仙人湖和南坪市内最高山仙人山,还有风景迷人的柴浦河,拥有较大的发展前景。但测区地势复杂,东南有仙人山(100m左右)、仙人湖,西北地区交通不便,因此给测量工作带来很大的不便。据资料显示,该测区属于地震带上,易受地质变迁影响,所以在建网时,对与控制点的选择,多选在土质坚硬的高地。2.气候条件测区在东经104,北纬29左右,每年入冬后易受
3、南北冷热空气相互影响,形成较大面积的降雨,对于山区地带施测很不利于开展,且测量精度有所下降。据历史资料显示,该测区在春夏交接时,降雨较多,易受洪涝灾害。3.交通情况测区属丘陵地带,但是道路建设情况良好,该区铁路贯穿南北,且省际高速公路以南坪市为中心四面散开,还有XX国道穿过境内,但西北地区较为偏远,公路建设不是太理想。(二).已有测绘资料及分析1.平面控制部分测区内有国家城市二等网中的控制点三个:万家海,金孟点,黄土圢。系XX年由XX测绘队实测,采用的是1980西安坐标系。平差后网的精度:测角中误差为0.81秒,最弱边边长相对中误差为1/350000。造标情况良好,经过勘测标石的质量保存得很好
4、,可以应用。已知平面控制点信息点名X坐标Y坐标1(万家海)1850.03377.52(金孟点)1775.010930.03(黄土圢)7862.55910.02.高程控制部分本测区内有7个(黄土圢,大黄山,万家海,金孟点,东家姥,园艺场,朱山,周际村)二等水准点,系有XX年XX测绘队实测。经过实地考察,发现其质量保存完好,且其精度也符合现行测量规范的要求。但考虑到平面控制与高程控制网的联系,此次高程高程控制网只引用了万家海,金孟点以及黄土圢三个高程已知点作为水准联测的起始点。点名标志高程备注黄土圢埋石70.5国家等水准点东家姥埋石51.0国家等水准点万家海埋石53.8国家等水准点园艺场埋石57.
5、5国家等水准点朱山埋石53.0国家等水准点周际村埋石43.1国家等水准点大黄山埋石67.6国家等水准点(三).布网依据的规范1.技术依据考虑到该测区在未来的发展前景,控制网以城市测量规范、国家三角测量规范、国家水准测量规范。2.觇标、中心标石、水准标石的类型和规格根据本测区地形及地质情况,四等三角控制点选用寻常标,部分控制点由于不通视建立双锥标,具体规格见城市测量规范附录三。四等三角点的标石采用上面为柱石下面为盘石的结构,两者均用钢筋混泥土预制再进行掩埋,具体规格和要求见城市测量规范附录二十三。3.仪器选择及检验要求三角网测量需要全站仪若干,水准联测需要精密水准仪和水准尺若干。各仪器的检验项目
6、均按“规范”要求进行。4.观测方法及限差四等平面控制网采用方向观测法,二等水准采用光学测微法,进行测段间的往返侧或采用闭合水准施测。操作要求及各项限差均按相关规范进行5.概算内容与平差方法将地面点的观测值经过归心改正、方向改正、化算致高斯平面上,并作几何条件闭合差的检查。按方向坐标平差法在计算机上进行平差计算,独立进行两次以作检核。(四).布设方案及论证根据测量的相关规范,拟设两种方案:1. 方案一以万家海,金孟点,黄土圢等城市二等控制点为起算点,在全区布设四等三角网,设平均边长为2km。通过观测各控制点(全区供选用31个平面控制点,包括三个已知二等点)照准其他控制点的方向角,和平距,经过推算
7、得到平面控制网。通过已知几个二等高程已知点的情况下,通过水准联测到高程中误差最大点,然后利用水准测量的高差推算出这些点的水准高程作为该点的已知高程。通过测得的三角高程对全网进行平差,从而得到高程控制网。方案一各项精度指标和费用估算见:附录一。2. 方案二以万家海,金孟点,黄土圢等城市二等控制点为起算点,在全区布设四等三角网,设平均边长为2km。通过观测各控制点(全区供选用30个平面控制点,包括三个已知二等点)照准其他控制点的方向角,和平距,经过推算得到平面控制网。通过已知几个二等高程已知点的情况下,通过水准联测到高程中误差最大点,然后利用水准测量的高差推算出这些点的水准高程作为该点的已知高程。
8、通过测得的三角高程对全网进行平差,从而得到高程控制网。但是所选的控制点不一样(有19个相同点),因此两种方案的进度不同,精度也不同,还有费用也不相同。方案二各项精度指标和费用估算见:附录二。3. 方案对比通过方案一以及方案二的附录表可以从以下方面做出对比分析:首先,从测量精度上看项目单位方案一方案二平面已知点数个33平面未知点数个2827方向观测设站数站3130方向观测总数个146139边长观测数条7370最大边长m3038.0143330.004最小边长m1501.8741549.599验后平面单位权中误差验后测角中误差最大平面点位中误差mm15.7114.67最大平面相邻点间误差mm13.
9、0213.41最大方位角误差1.141.15最大边长误差mm7.567.92最大边长比例误差1/2712781/272790高程已知点数个33高程未知点数个2827高差观测数段7370验后高程单位权中误差mm最大高程中误差mm12.5312.22最大高程相邻点间误差mm11.2811.53首先,从经济角度看,方案二的水准联测较难于一,考虑到其他各项费用相当的情况下,优选方案一其次,方案一最大边长误差和最大方位角误差都小于方案二,同时最大平面点位误差和相邻点间误差均较小,且最大边长小于方案二,最大高程中误差大于方案二,最大高程相邻点间误差小于方案二,考虑到高程测量比平面测量较难,同时方案二中水准
10、联测全部采用测段往返侧来实现,而方案一除采用此方法,还采用水准闭合路线,其精度高于往返侧。综合考虑,选择方案一。再次,从进度上看,两种方案,所测边角数目相差不大,采用的测量方法基本一样,且同属于一块地区,所以进度上基本一样,初步估计工期耗时六个月综上考虑,采用方案一。(六).现场踏勘报告通过图上设计后,选择出最佳方案后,对测区进行了现场踏勘。包括对原有测量成果的检查和现在所选控制点间通视情况进行了检查。通过现场的踏勘,发现所选用的已知点标石保存完好,可以用于施测。且部分控制点之间由于通视不够或其它原因,需要进行架觇标。同时由于考虑到点的保存问题,控制点的标石建设的情况不同予以记载。对费用的需求
11、再次进行估算,工作量和人员的需求也做一定的估算。(七).各种设计图表分组情况及人员配备表组别工程师技术人员测工零时工(1)1人3人6人6人(2)1人3人6人6人(3)1人3人6人6人经费预算表(计划工期6月)经费项目收费标准收费标准数量单项费用中心标石800元/座2822400元普通水准标石200/座285600觇标制作30000/座4120000仪器择旧500/台63000其它器材8000/组324000工程师工资5000/月1*3*690000技术员工资3000/月3*3*6162000测工工资1500/月6*3*6162000零时工工资1000/月6*3*6108000生活补助费6000
12、/组/月3*6108000其它费用20000总计(万元)82.5附录一:方案一各项平差和精度统计表网形及精度统计表项目单位数据备注平面已知点数个3平面未知点数个28方向观测设站数站31方向观测总数个146边长观测数条73最大边长m3038.014324最小边长m1501.874910验后平面单位权中误差验后测角中误差最大平面点位中误差mm15.71点名:27最大平面相邻点间误差mm13.021231最大方位角误差1.142829最大边长误差mm7.5678最大边长比例误差1/2712782829高程已知点数个3高程未知点数个28高差观测数段73验后高程单位权中误差mm最大高程中误差mm12.5
13、3点名:27最大高程相邻点间误差mm11.2878优化设计模拟数据精度表测站照准点方位角中误差()边长中误差(mm)边长相对中误差140.906.491/32万150.586.621/41万1110.635.051/40万1130.655.541/40万1120.686.491/38万1311.046.061/31万2170.555.561/46万2210.785.781/31万2301.075.941/29万2200.795.651/37万381.056.131/28万3240.626.941/44万3150.865.101/32万3140.525.171/44万390.626.031/37
14、万410.906.491/32万4310.966.841/34万451.046.191/29万541.046.191/29万560.876.601/31万5100.646.611/37万5110.666.441/40万510.586.621/41万670.976.471/30万690.686.531/40万6100.756.441/37万650.876.601/31万780.737.561/39万790.906.511/32万760.976.471/30万831.056.131/28万890.806.391/33万870.737.561/39万930.626.031/37万9140.685.7
15、51/38万9100.925.191/29万960.686.531/40万970.906.511/32万980.806.391/33万10140.825.401/32万10110.705.871/35万1050.646.611/37万1060.756.441/37万1090.925.191/29万11140.595.401/42万11180.566.011/44万11130.855.591/32万1110.635.051/40万1150.666.441/40万11100.705.871/35万1210.686.491/38万12130.776.441/34万12190.846.491/34万1
16、2310.787.481/38万13110.855.591/32万13180.715.651/35万13190.706.381/36万13120.776.441/34万1310.655.541/40万1430.525.171/44万14150.626.101/40万14160.536.261/45万14180.576.021/40万14110.595.401/42万14100.825.401/32万1490.685.751/38万1530.865.101/32万15240.866.041/35万15230.686.071/40万15160.765.551/33万15140.626.101/40
17、万16150.765.551/33万16230.725.811/38万16220.685.891/38万16170.655.711/37万16180.645.901/38万16140.536.261/45万17160.655.711/37万17220.626.301/39万17210.676.241/38万1720.555.561/46万17200.786.051/32万17180.705.541/36万18140.576.021/40万18160.645.901/38万18170.705.541/36万18200.546.541/43万18190.566.921/41万18130.715.6
18、51/35万18110.566.011/44万19180.566.921/41万19201.095.581/29万19120.846.491/34万19130.706.381/36万20180.546.541/43万20170.786.051/32万2020.795.651/37万20191.095.581/29万21220.705.951/35万21290.826.311/35万21300.955.911/30万2120.785.781/31万21170.676.241/38万22230.745.531/32万22260.805.631/34万22280.696.611/39万22290.6
19、07.141/41万22210.705.951/35万22170.626.301/39万22160.685.891/38万23240.816.071/30万23250.806.241/36万23260.875.591/32万23220.745.531/32万23160.725.811/38万23150.686.071/40万24250.916.621/33万24230.816.071/30万24150.866.041/35万2430.626.941/44万25240.916.621/33万25270.896.901/32万25260.816.251/33万25230.806.241/36万26
20、250.816.251/33万26270.996.161/33万26280.995.561/29万26220.805.631/34万26230.875.591/32万27250.896.901/32万27280.966.651/33万27260.996.161/33万28270.966.651/33万28291.145.901/27万28220.696.611/39万28260.995.561/29万29281.145.901/27万29300.767.071/35万29210.826.311/35万29220.607.141/41万30290.767.071/35万3021.075.941/
21、29万30210.955.911/30万3111.046.061/31万31120.787.481/38万3140.966.841/34万优化设计模拟控制点成果表点名坐标高程(m)备注X(m)Y(m)11827.5003377.50053.800万家海21750.00010862.50058.900金孟点37825.0005887.50070.500黄土圢42350.0001375.00042.254075.0001825.00053.066067.5001427.50050.077920.0001920.00045.689005.0004630.00044.997050.0003825.00
22、048.6105550.0003750.00043.1113595.0004332.50047.312175.0005240.00038.7132320.0005550.00044.3145580.0005460.00052.0157075.0007360.00067.6165480.0008260.00060.2173470.0008975.00029.2183675.0006965.00051.419835.0007337.50024.5201555.0008795.00098.0213500.00011335.00033.1225422.50010470.00051.0237075.00
23、09775.00055.6248600.0008825.00056.1258990.00011000.00041.0266995.00011565.00034.6278287.50013125.00039.6286125.00012945.00045.2294558.00013272.50040.1302190.00012497.50046.131227.5002405.00040.5点位误差点名坐标误差误差椭圆参数高程中误差(mm)Mx(mm)My(mm)M(mm)A(mm)B(mm)F(度分)48.706.8611.089.026.4322059.4257.267.1110.167.776
24、.5441278.3769.097.5911.859.127.5681810.02710.318.4013.3010.588.05202311.2687.277.8910.738.856.0651339.7296.626.008.946.635.99172168.00106.586.659.366.756.48127018.37115.345.917.976.165.05119257.35127.757.0610.488.266.4533379.10137.035.528.947.045.51175267.94145.275.677.745.835.10118017.11156.855.218
25、.606.985.0316257.92166.586.078.956.665.9820148.09176.615.738.756.855.4425567.67186.735.498.696.735.490407.62198.626.5710.848.646.545389.41207.945.629.737.945.620518.60215.966.688.956.875.75114418.15227.206.809.907.286.71157178.62237.816.8010.357.936.66161279.01248.897.3011.509.226.88156379.68259.729
26、.5313.6111.037.971364911.17269.287.9212.209.747.341522110.342711.9410.2115.7113.288.391453712.532810.408.6913.5510.528.551645410.89299.698.1412.6510.327.311504110.30308.755.9310.578.795.87172299.37317.148.6311.209.426.06121359.66点间误差起点名终点名纵横向误差误差椭圆参数高程点间误差(mm)纵向(mm)横向(mm)M(mm)A(mm)B(mm)F(度分)146.498.
27、9911.089.026.4322059.42156.627.7110.167.776.5441278.371115.056.167.976.165.05119257.351135.547.018.947.045.51175267.941126.498.2310.488.266.4533379.101316.069.4211.209.426.06121359.662175.566.758.756.855.4425567.672215.786.848.956.875.75114418.152305.948.7510.578.795.87172299.372205.657.929.737.945.
28、620518.60386.138.8010.738.856.0651339.723246.949.1711.509.226.88156379.683155.106.928.606.985.0316257.923145.175.777.745.835.10118017.11396.036.608.946.635.99172168.004316.8411.0312.9811.056.82674110.92456.198.9810.918.996.19102329.92566.608.5310.798.566.5671189.795106.617.5310.027.566.58152478.9751
29、16.448.1410.388.176.4018539.07676.479.0411.129.046.471063210.29696.538.5010.728.526.50164219.156106.448.6210.778.656.416159.41787.5610.3312.8010.347.551612911.28796.519.1111.199.166.4315339.85896.398.2210.418.226.39110549.599145.757.229.237.255.7133578.469105.196.678.456.675.1890238.1010145.406.828.
30、706.865.368038.2310115.876.959.096.955.8773548.5711145.406.578.506.575.39117068.0411186.017.219.397.235.985388.4711135.597.249.157.305.5235308.5612136.448.1210.368.136.4292529.4412196.498.9011.028.916.481655410.0112317.4810.6613.0210.727.381720711.1813185.656.758.816.815.58149428.3813196.387.9410.18
31、7.966.3533379.3114156.107.299.517.445.91160598.8014166.267.199.537.216.24173368.7114186.026.749.046.885.8729238.3415246.048.7710.658.915.84147159.3615236.078.0110.058.075.99169488.7415165.556.758.746.855.4344228.3516235.817.659.617.735.70145518.6216225.897.259.347.345.78166518.4816175.716.708.806.71
32、5.7065068.3816185.906.919.096.955.85137548.6117226.307.409.727.516.18144098.7717216.247.699.907.696.24177548.9317206.057.309.487.336.0286329.0317185.546.838.796.855.5213108.2618206.547.379.857.416.5037378.9318196.927.7710.407.816.8769199.3519205.588.6210.268.635.55158259.3221225.957.169.317.175.9460
33、578.6321296.318.7910.828.796.31152129.4121305.918.039.978.045.8943249.1722235.536.428.486.425.5365178.0722265.637.399.297.505.49139038.4822286.618.6110.868.676.54173529.0822297.148.4711.078.557.042579.3623246.077.029.287.076.0044018.7823256.248.8510.838.876.22127429.1823265.597.549.387.585.53173268.
34、4724256.629.7411.789.836.481592510.1325276.909.6111.839.696.7975710.4725266.258.1510.278.176.2280369.1126276.169.7411.529.746.16139139.5926285.567.869.637.875.5529588.7027286.6510.1312.1210.216.531040510.2828295.908.8810.668.895.8974349.6529307.079.2411.649.287.021160110.42控制网图经费预算表经费预算表(计划工期6月)经费项目收费标准收费标准数量单项费用中心标石800元/座2822400元普通水准标石200/座285600觇标制作30000/座4120000仪器择旧500/台63000其它器材8000/组324000工程师工资5000/月1*3*690000技术员工资3000/月3*3*6162000测工工资1500/月6*3*6162000零时工工资1000/月6*3*6108000生活补助费6000/组/月3*6108000其它费用20000总计(万元)82.5附录二:方案二各项平差和精度统计表网形及精度统计表项目单位