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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。岩土工程词汇英汉88592-Aablation消融（作用）abrasion磨蚀absence缺失absorbability吸附力acceleration加速度groundacceleration地面加速度horizontalacceleration水平加速度seismicacceleration地震加速度acceptenceofwork工程验收accretion淤积accretionofriverbottom河底淤高accretionofsand淤砂accuracy精度accuracyofcalibra
2、tion标定精度accuracyofmeasurement量测精度accuracyofobservation观测精度accuracyofreading读数精度acidimetry酸量滴定法action作用glacialaction冰川作用grouppileaction桩群作用activity活性volcanicactivity火山活动adhesion粘聚力adjust调整，对准adjustment调整，对准adjustmentofcoordinates坐标平差adjustmentofobservation观察平差admixture掺合物adsorption吸附作用anionadsorption
3、阴离子吸附aeroview鸟瞰图age年代geologic(al)age地质年代relativeage相对年代ageing老化aggregate骨料coarseaggregate粗粒料fineaggregate细粒料agitator搅拌器A-horizon淋溶层air-lock气闸A-lineA线（塑性图alluvialfan冲积扇alluviation冲积（作用）alluvium冲积层alternation互层altitude高程；高度amount数量retainedamount筛余量amountofcompression压缩量amountofdeflection扰度amplitude振幅，
4、幅度allowableamplitude容许振幅cyclicshearstrainamplitude周期剪应变振幅doubleamplitude双振幅pulseamplitude脉冲振幅relativeamplitude相对振幅strainamplitude应变幅stressamplitude应力幅amplitudeofvibration振幅analysis分析briefanalysis简易分析completewateranalysis水的全分析correlationanalysis相关分析dataanalysis数据分析differentialthermalanalysis差热分析dynam
5、icanalysis动态分析fabricanalysis组构分析grain-sizeanalysis粒径分析limitanalysis极限状态分析limitequilibriumanalysis极限平衡分析mechanicalanalysis粒径分析mineralogicalanalysis矿物分析numericalanalysis数值分析pollenanalysis花粉分析qualitativeanalysis定性分析quantitativeanalysis定量分析randomanalysis随机分析regressionanalysis回归分析reliabilityanalysis可靠性分析
6、sedimentationanalysis沉淀分析settlementanalysis沉降分析stabilityanalysis稳定性分析statisticalanalysis统计分析tectonicanalysis构造分析trendsurfaceanalysis趋势面分析analysisofstrain应变分析analysisofstress应力分析analyticbalance分析天平anchor锚cableanchor索锚groundanchor地锚anchorage地锚anchorbolt锚栓andesite安山岩angle角，角度angleofcontact接触角angleofdil
7、atancy剪胀角angleofexternalfriction外摩擦角angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角apparentangleofinternalfriction表观内摩擦角angleofobliquity（应力的倾角angleofrepose休止角angleofrupture破裂角angleofshearingstrength剪切角angleoftrueinternalfriction真内擦角slopangle坡角anticline背斜anti-flocculation反絮凝作用apparatus仪器,设备boxshearapparatus盒式剪切仪consolid
8、ationapparatus固结仪expansionapparatus膨胀仪resonantcolumntriaxialtestapparatus共振柱三轴仪simpleshearapparatus单剪仪triaxialapparatus三轴仪truetriaxialapparatus真三轴仪unconfinedcompressionapparatus无侧限压力仪vaneshearapparatus十字板剪切仪vibrationtriaxialapparatus振动三轴仪applicationofload施加荷载alluvialapron山麓冲积扇aquiclude隔水层；滞水层aquifer
9、含水层artesianaquifer承压含水层；自流水层confinedaquifer承压含水层finiteaquifer有限含水层infiniteaquifer无限含水层unconfinedaquifer非承压水含水层aquitard弱含水层arching拱作用area区域，地区activedrainagearea有效排水面积activeseismicalarea地震活动区alimentationarea补给区bearingarea承压面积borrowarea采料场buildingarea建筑面积built-uparea已建面积catchmentarea汇水面积developmentarea
10、开发区housingarea居住区marsharea沼泽区rechargearea补给区watercollectingarea积水面积work-outarea采空区areaofpassage过水面积areaofwellinfluence井影响面积arenite砂质岩areometer比重计argillite泥质岩attenuation衰减atteration冲积土attitude产状attitudeofrocks岩层产状attitudeofstratum地层产状auger麻花钻clean-outauger清孔钻expandingauger扩孔钻hand-operatedauger手摇麻花钻ha
11、nd-operatedauger手摇螺旋钻manualauger手摇麻花钻augerwithhydraulicfeed液压给进式螺旋钻axialthrust轴向推力axis轴axisoffold褶皱轴axisofprincipalstress主应力轴axisofsymmetry对称轴Bbackcalculation反算法backfill回填土bahymetry测深法bandedlode带状矿脉bar杆，钻杆basalt玄武岩base基础，底部enlargedbase扩底（桩工foundationbase基础底面baseofslope坡角basetiltfactor基底倾斜因数（地基承载力）ba
12、se-line基线basement地下室basin盆地blockbasin断块盆地intermontanebasin山间盆地lowriverbasin（河流）下游流域riverbasin流域subsidencebasin沉陷盆地tectonicbasin构造盆地beam梁concretebeam混凝土梁foundationbeam地基梁bearing方位角，承载allowablebearingcapacity容许承载力bearinggraph反应曲线（桩工）bed（一）层，床coalbed煤层confiningbed隔水层foundationbed基础垫层intercalatedbed间层，夹
13、层riverbed河床water-bearingbed含水层bedding基床，层面，层理concordantbedding整合层面crossbedding交错层理diagonalbedding斜层理bedrock基岩behaviour性状bendinriver河曲biaxialstateofstress双轴应力状态binder胶结物claybinder粘土胶结物bit钻头augerbit螺旋钻头boringbit钻头choppingbit冲击钻头blanket铺盖clayblanket粘土铺盖（水工）block块anchorblock锚块upthrownblock上升盘blow-in涌入bl
14、uff悬崖bog沼泽boiling翻浆bore钻孔counterbore扩空钻borehole钻孔casedborehole套管钻孔linedborehole下套管的钻孔observationborehole观察孔（井）boring钻（探）percussionboring冲击钻探rotaryboring回转钻进slurryboring泥浆钻进washboring清水钻进boringbypercussion冲击钻进boringframe钻架bottom底foundationbottom基底riverbottom河底trenchbottom沟底valleybottom谷底boulder漂石boun
15、dary边界bracedsheeting支撑挡板bracing支撑bubble气泡building建筑物high-risebuilding高层建筑物bulkhead岸壁anchoredbulkhead锚定岸壁bulking体胀burden覆盖层burette滴定管butt平桩头CCD-test=consolidated-drainedtriaxislcompressiontest固结排水三轴压缩试验CL-test=continualloadingtest连续加荷固结试验CPT=conepenetrationtest圆锥触探试验CRP-test=constantrateofpenetration
16、test等速贯入试验（桩工）CRU-test=constantrateofuplifttest等速上拔试验（桩工）CU-test=consolidatedundrainedtriaxialcompressiontest固结不排水三轴压缩试验CBR=CaliforniaBearingRatio加州承载比caisson箱，沉箱boxcaisson沉箱drilledcaisson钻孔沉井opencaisson沉井calculatedself-weightcollapse计算自重湿陷量calibration标定cambering上拱度Camkometer剑桥旁压仪cantilever悬臂canyon峡
17、谷capacity容量designcapacity设计承载力dischargecapacity排水量evaporationcapacity蒸发量exchangecapacity交换容量infiltrationcapacity入渗量ultimatebearingcapacity极限承载力capacityofdrivenpile打入桩的承载力capacityofsaturation饱和量capacityofwell井流量capillarimeter毛细管仪capillarity毛细管作用capillaryfringe毛细管水上升边缘capillarymigration毛细管水移动capillome
18、ter毛细管试验仪carbon-14dating碳14年代测定法Carlsonstressmeter卡尔逊应力计case-in下套管casestudy实例研究casing套管boringcasing钻探套管catch-drain截水沟cation阳离子cavern洞穴caving坍落cell单元，盒doublediaphragmpressurecell双膜式土压力盒earthpressurecell土压力盒pressurecell压力盒settlementcell沉降盒straincell应变盒triaxialcell三轴仪压力盒cementingagent胶结剂cementation胶结作用
19、chalk白垩chamber室rockchamber岩石洞室triaxialchamber三轴压力室change变化periodicchange周期性变化principalstresschange主应力变化channel沟，水道diversionchannel分水沟drainchannel排水沟headracechannel引水沟character特征，特性lithologiccharacter岩性特征dynamiccharacteristic动力特性generalcharacteristic一般特性liquefactioncharacteristic液化特性engineeringcharac
20、teristicofrock岩石的工程性能chart表（图）calculatingchart计算图表classificationchart分类表influencechart感应图plasticitychart塑性图seismicitychart地震烈度图Taylorsstabilitychart泰勒土坡稳定图chemicalequivalent化学当量cinder炉渣circlararcanalysis圆弧分析法circle圆，弧circleofstress应力圆criticalcircle临界圆Mohrscircle摩尔圆slipcircle滑弧toecircle坡脚圆classficati
21、on分类soilclassfication土的分类visualsoilclassfication土的肉眼分类Cassagrandessoilclassification卡萨格兰德土分类法clayclassification粘土分类landslideclassification滑坡分类quicksoilclassification土的简易分类法rockclassification岩石分类soilclassification土的分类unifiedsoilclassification土的统一分类classificationofthequalitativesystem定性分类法clay粘土clayfr
22、action粘粒粒组claypartings粘土夹层normallyconsolidatedclay正常团结粘土overconsolidatedclay超固结粘土sandyclay砂质粘土sensitiveclay灵敏性粘土siltyclay粉质粘土underconsolidatedclay欠固结粘土varvedclay成层粘土，纹泥cleaning清理场地clinometer测斜仪clogging淤塞coagulant凝聚剂coagulantion凝聚作用cobble卵石code规范（程）aseismiccode抗震规范buildingcode建筑法规codeforsoilandfounda
23、tion地基与基础规范coefficient系数earthpressurecoefficient土压力系数empiricalcoefficient经验系数influencecoefficient影响系数passiveearthpressurecoefficient被动土压力系数restitutioncoefficient（桩的）回弹系数coefficientbetweenlayers层间系数，管涌比coefficientofactiveearthpressure主动土压力系数coefficientofadhesion粘着系数coefficientofattenuation衰减系数coeffic
24、ientofcollapsibility湿陷系数coefficientofcompressibility压缩系数coefficientofconsolidation固结系数coefficientofcorrelation相关系数coefficientofcurvature曲率系数coefficientofearthpressureatrest静止土压力系数coefficientofearthpressure土压力系数coefficientofelasticshear弹性剪切系数coefficientofelasticuniformcompression弹性均匀压缩系数coefficientof
25、foundationditchsrebound基坑回弹系数coefficientoffriction摩擦系数coefficientofhorizontalconsolidation水平固结系数coefficientoflateralpressure侧压力系数coefficientofpassiveearthpressure被动土压力系数coefficientofpermeability渗透系数coefficientofporepressure孔隙压力系数coefficientofresilience回弹系数coefficientofrigidity刚度系数coefficientofsecond
26、aryconsolidation次固结系数coefficientofself-weightcollapsibility自重湿陷系数coefficientofstiffness刚度系数coefficientofsubgradereaction基床反力系数coefficientofuniformity不均匀系数coefficientofvariation变异系数coefficientofvolumecompressibility体积压缩系数coefficientofstorage储水系数cofferdam围堰cohesion内聚力apparentcohesion表观粘聚力effectivecohe
27、sion有效内聚力originalcohesion原始内聚力residualcohesion残余内聚力totalcohesion总内聚力collapse塌陷；湿陷calculatedself-weightcollapse计算自重湿陷量totalcollapse总湿陷量collapsibility湿陷性compactedlift压实分层厚度compaction压实；夯实downholedynamiccompactionDDC工法dynamiccompaction动力压实，强夯percentcompaction压实系数pilingcompaction打桩挤密rollercompaction碾压so
28、ilcompaction土的压实compactionbydriving夯实compactionbylayers分层填土夯实compactionbyrolling碾压compactionbyvibratingroller振动碾压法compactionbyvibration振动压实compactness密实度compactor压实机compactorpass击实遍数compressibility压缩性bulkcompressibility体积压缩性compression压缩axialcompression轴向压缩confinedcompression侧限压缩elasticcompression弹性
29、压缩initialcompression初始压缩lateralcompression侧向压缩primarycompression主压缩secondarycompression次固结simplecompression单向压缩unconfinedcompression无侧限压缩concentration集中concentrationofstresses应力集中concrete混凝土plainconcrete素混凝土reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土concretion结核calcareousconcretion钙质结核ironconcretion铁质结核loessconcretion姜
30、结石condition状态，条件artesiancondition承压（水）状态constructioncondition施工条件criticalcondition临界条件engineeringgeologiccondition工程地质条件failurecondition破坏条件geologicalcondition地质条件hydrogeologic(al)condition水文地质条件initialcondition初始条件initialplacementcondition初始填筑条件limitingcondition极限条件naturalcondition自然条件stressconditi
31、on应力状态conduit管道closedconduit封闭管道coveredconduit暗沟cone圆锥体balancecone平衡锥(稠度试验)Dutchcone荷兰式圆锥仪coneofdepression降落漏斗coneofrecharge补给漏斗conepenetrometer圆锥触探仪consistency稠度consistencylimit稠度界限consistencyindex稠度指数naturalconsistency天然稠度consolidation加固，固结acceleratedconsolidation加速加固anisotropicconsolidation各向不等压固
32、结deepconsolidation深层加固dynamicconsolidation强夯法normalconsolidation正常固结percentconsolidation固结度primaryconsolidation主固结secondaryconsolidation二次固结three-dimensionalconsolidation三维固结consolidationofsoftfoundation软弱地基加固consolidometer固结仪fixed-ringconsolidometer固定环式固结仪construction建筑Culmannconstruction库尔曼图解法（土力学
33、）earthquake-proofconstruction抗震建筑contact接触conformablecontact整合接触content容量criticalwatercontent临界含水量initialmoisturecontent初始含水量maximummolecularwatercontent最大分子吸水量moisturecontent含水量naturemoisturecontent天然含水量optimummoisturecontent最优含水量organiccontent有机质含量saltcontent含盐量watercontent含水量contour-interval等高距co
34、ntrol控制remotecontrol遥控straincontrol应变控制controlonslopestability对斜坡稳定性的控制conventional常规的coordinates坐标absolutecoordinates绝对坐标assumedcoordinates假定坐标geographiccoordinates地理坐标rectangularcoordinates直角坐标core岩芯；心墙membranecorrection橡皮膜校正(三轴试验)corrosion侵蚀count计数，击数blowcount击数lightsoundingtestblowcount钎探击数SPTbl
35、owcount标准贯入击数course过程，层bearingcourse承压垫层beddingcourse垫层supportingcourse持力层uppercourse上游crack裂缝eyevisiblecrack肉眼可见裂缝horizontalcrack水平裂缝longitudinalcrack纵向裂缝settlementcrack沉降裂缝shearcrack剪切裂缝tensioncrack张裂隙transversecrack横向裂缝weatheringcrack风化裂缝creep蠕变criterion准则failurecriterion破坏准则interimcriterion暂行准则M
36、ohr-Coulombcriterion摩尔-库仑准则Trescacriterion特莱斯卡准则yieldcriterion屈服准则crop露头crosshair十字丝（测）cross-wire十字丝crust外壳，硬壳weatheringcrust风化壳crustofweathering风化壳culvert涵洞archculvert拱形涵洞drainageculvert排水涵洞inletculvert进水涵洞pipeculvert管涵curve曲线abnormalcurve非正常曲线accumulationcurve累积曲线calibrationcurve标定曲线characteristic
37、curve特性曲线compressioncurve压缩曲线consolidationcurve固结曲线correlationcurve相关曲线creep-timecurve蠕变时间曲线curveboard曲线板deflectioncurve扰度曲线depressioncurve浸润曲线depthcurve深度曲线drawdowncurve（地下水位）降深曲线drawdowncurve水位下降曲线durationcurve历时曲线envelopingcurve包络曲线flowcurve流量曲线grainsizeaccumulationcurve粒径累积曲线grain-sizedistributi
38、oncurve粒径分布曲线intrinsicshearstrengthcurve摩尔圆强度包络线loadstraincurve载荷应变曲线load-settlementcurve荷载-沉降曲线mastercurve量板mechanicalanalysiscurve粒径分析曲线moisture-densitycurve击实曲线pressure-voidratiocurve压缩曲线reboundcurve回弹曲线responsecurve反应（特性）曲线skipgradingcurve不连续级配曲线sievecurve筛分曲线standardcurve标准曲线stress-penetrationc
39、urve（CBR试验的）应力贯入曲线stress-straincurve应力应变曲线temperaturevariationcurve温度变化曲线time-travelcurve时距曲线unloadingcurve卸荷曲线virgincompressioncurve原始压缩曲线cushion垫层gravel-sandcushion砂砾垫层lime-soilcushion灰土垫层plansoilcushion素土垫层sand-gravelcushion砂石垫层cut挖方heavycut深挖opencut大开挖shallowcut浅挖cuttings钻屑cuttability可挖性cycle循环，
40、周期hydrologicalcycle水文循环reversiblecycle可逆循环watercycle水循环cycleofloads荷载周期cycleofstress应力周期cycleofstressreversal应力交变周期cycleofvibration振动周期Ddado护壁板dam坝concretedam混凝土坝earthdam土坝earth-rockdam土石坝filterdam透水坝flooddam防洪坝rockfilldam堆石坝rolleddam碾压土坝stonedam石坝damping阻尼criticaldamping临界阻尼data数据dataacquisition数据收
41、集correctiondata修正数据datacollection数据收集empiricaldata经验数据existingdata现有资料experimentaldata试验数据exploratingdata勘探数据hydrologicaldata水文数据originaldata原始数据referencedata参考资料statisticaldata统计数据（资料）testdata试验数据dating年代测定datum基准点geodetic(al)datum大地基准点debouch河口debrisflow泥石流debrisfromdemolition建筑拆除垃圾declineofwatert
42、able水位下降decomposition分解decompression卸荷deflection变形deflectioninclinometer测斜仪deflocculant分散剂deflocculation反絮凝作用deformation变形angulardeformation角变形bearingdeformation承压变形compressivedeformation压缩变形consolidationdeformation固结变形elasticdeformation弹性变形elasto-plasticdeformation弹塑性变形homegeneousdeformation均匀变形lat
43、eraldeformation侧向变形lineardeformation线性变形permanentdeformation永久变形plasticdeformation塑性变形residualdeformation残余变形seepagedeformation渗透变形transientdeformation瞬时变形unitdeformation单位变形verticaldeformation竖向变形deformeter变形计defrosting解冻degree程度degreeofaccuracy精度degreeofcompaction压实度degreeofconsolidation固结度degreeo
44、fdisturbance扰动程度degreeofmineralization矿化度degreeofsaturation饱和度degreeofsensitivity灵敏度degreeofsorting分选程度degreeofstability稳定度degreeofweathering风化程度degreeofwetness湿度delta三角洲balloondensimeter囊式密度计density密度bulkdensity体密度criticaldensity临界密度densitybottle比重瓶drydensity干密度initialdensity初始密度maximumdrydensity最大干密度mediumdensity中密naturaldensity天然密度relativedensity相对密度denudation剥蚀deposit沉积deltaicdeposit三角洲沉积diluvialdeposit坡积eluvialdeposit残积eoliandeposit风积物estuarydeposit港湾沉积floodplaindeposit漫滩沉积fluvialdeposit河流