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1、完型改错与翻译第1页，本讲稿共111页出题方向1.词汇2.语法3.上下文的逻辑关系第2页，本讲稿共111页出题方向1.词汇n同义词、近义词、含义比较n形近词n纯词义辨析n固定搭配 succeed in,adapt to,far from,fail to do,apply for,apply to,solution/answer to,chargewith,accuseof,be patient with.n词组辨析第3页，本讲稿共111页n词根词缀法 dict 词根：说predict pre-前缀：在.之前，向前dictation -tion典型的名词（n）后缀dictator -or，er
2、表示 人第4页，本讲稿共111页n联想记忆法联想记忆法compliment：“i”，联想成“爱”“赞美，赞扬”complement：“心中无爱”“补充，补足”第5页，本讲稿共111页n阅读中记忆单词 文章有100个单词（5，6个单词不认识）第6页，本讲稿共111页n适当地做词汇题目，加强对词汇的理解和记忆 descend 下降（仅仅表示从高处到低处简单的下降）decline 下降（数字、比率和指标的下降）第7页，本讲稿共111页n生活当中随时随地背单词生活当中随时随地背单词robust 畅销的饮料“乐百事”：强壮的，健壮的yoghurt：酸奶第8页，本讲稿共111页n四级4500 w,六级55
3、00wn配有单词朗读（边听边记）n刘毅 一系列丛书（含有字根、字缀的）n俞敏洪 英语四六级词根词缀联想记忆法第9页，本讲稿共111页总结总结:背单词眼耳口手齐到，才能真正记住单词第10页，本讲稿共111页2.语法n连词：名词从句、定从、状从n不定代词：other,others,another,all第11页，本讲稿共111页3.上下文的逻辑关系 read a will第12页，本讲稿共111页解题技巧1.充分利用首段首句，最大限度地获取解题信息，即从中心主题中找答案。Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subje
4、cts at advanced levels.(2008.6)第13页，本讲稿共111页nPlaying organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted.(2008年12月)第14页，本讲稿共111页nKimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japans car-makers.(2009年6月)第15页，本讲稿共111页解题技巧2.分析认识文章结构，
5、理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。第16页，本讲稿共111页n n并列关系 and,orn n因果n n时间顺序 when,once,before,after,until,notuntil,the moment/instant/minute,by the time第17页，本讲稿共111页n n表示添加或补充的:and,also,in addition,furthermore,further,likewise,similarly,moreover,whats more,too,either,not onlybut also,neither,notbut第18页，本讲稿共111页n n表
6、示举例或解释的 for example,for instance,namely,thats to say,such as,takefor example，called,named,define as,is,mean,refer to,定从，：，第19页，本讲稿共111页n n表示让步和转折 however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,although,yet,in spite of,despite,otherwise at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever,but,第20页，本讲稿共111页n n表示对照
7、的连词 in contrast,by contrast,on the contrary,conversely,in comparison,by comparison第21页，本讲稿共111页n n表示条件的 if,whether,unless,in case,provided/providing(that),so(as)long as,so far as,suppose/supposing,on condition(that)第22页，本讲稿共111页解题技巧3.利用上下文寻找解题信息n n完型填空文章中出现的指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、概括词都可能是答案的线索。第23页，本讲稿共111页
8、指代题解题技巧n n就近原则n n主宾格一致原则n n单复数一致原则第24页，本讲稿共111页解题技巧4.代入法5.排除法6.平行结构7.生活常识解题法第25页，本讲稿共111页解题技巧8.8.选项观察法选项观察法n n四个选项都是介词，回到原文找固定搭配。四个选项都是介词，回到原文找固定搭配。n n四个选项都是连词，参看解题技巧四个选项都是连词，参看解题技巧2.2.n n四个选项都是名词，回到原文括号括出四个选项都是名词，回到原文括号括出横线后的修饰语。横线后的修饰语。n n四个选项都是动词，回到原文关注动宾四个选项都是动词，回到原文关注动宾或动介搭配。或动介搭配。n n两个选项相反，必选其
9、一；有两个长得像两个选项相反，必选其一；有两个长得像的，必选其一。的，必选其一。第26页，本讲稿共111页注意事项n n利用利用2-3m2-3m快速浏览全文，重点读懂第一句快速浏览全文，重点读懂第一句话。话。n n利用利用5-8m5-8m先易后难做完型。先易后难做完型。n n切忌只看一句话而忽略整个文章内容。切忌只看一句话而忽略整个文章内容。n n10m10m之后再来重新检查完型。之后再来重新检查完型。n n要相信自己的第一感觉，不要轻易改答要相信自己的第一感觉，不要轻易改答案。案。第27页，本讲稿共111页2008.6真题解析nUniversities are institutions th
10、at teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels.They also carry out research work aimed _67_ extending mans knowledge of these subjects.67.A)at B)by C)to D)in 第28页，本讲稿共111页nThe emphasis given to each of these functions _68_ from university to university,according to the views of the people in
11、 _69_ and according to the resources available.68.A)turns B)ranges C)moves D)varies69.A)prospect B)place C)control D)favor 第29页，本讲稿共111页nThe smaller and newer universities do not _70_ the staff or equipment to carry out the _71_ research projects possible in larger institutions.70.A)occupy B)possess
12、 C)involve D)spare71.A)maximum B)medium C)virtual D)vast 第30页，本讲稿共111页n_72_ most experts agree that some research activity is _73_ to keep the staff and their students in _74_ with the latest developments in their subjects.72.A)But B)As C)While D)For73.A)natural B)essential C)functional D)optional74
13、.A)coordination B)accordance C)touch D)grasp 第31页，本讲稿共111页nMost students attend a university mainly to _75_ the knowledge needed for their chosen _76_.Educationists believe that this aim should not be the _77_ one.75.A)acquire B)accept C)endure D)ensure76.A)procession B)profession C)possession D)pre
14、ference77.A)typical B)true C)mere D)only第32页，本讲稿共111页nUniversities have always aimed to produce men and women _78_ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge.78.A)with B)under C)on D)through第33页，本讲稿共111页nFor this reason,they _79_ students to meet others with differing _80_ and to read widely to _81_ t
15、heir understanding in many fields of study.79.A)prompt B)provoke C)encourage D)anticipate80.A)histories B)expressions C)interests D)curiosities81.A)broaden B)lengthen C)enforce D)specify 第34页，本讲稿共111页n_82_ a secondary school course,a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining
16、knowledge for its own _83_.82.A)Amid B)Over C)After D)Upon83.A)object B)effect C)course D)sake第35页，本讲稿共111页nHe should be prepared to _84_ sacrifices to study his chosen _85_ in depth.He should have an ambition to make some _86_ contribution to mans knowledge.84.A)take B)suffer C)make D)pay85.A)field
17、 B)target C)scope D)goal86.A)radical B)meaningful C)truthful D)initial 第36页，本讲稿共111页2008.12nPlaying organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted.第37页，本讲稿共111页nThis is expecially true _67_ children from families and communiti
18、es that have the resources needed to organize and _68_ sports programs 第38页，本讲稿共111页nand make sure that there is easy _69_ to participation opportunities.Children in low-income families and poor communities are _70_ likely to take organized youth sports for granted第39页，本讲稿共111页nbecause they often _7
19、1_ the resource needed to pay for participation _72_,equipment,and transportation to practices and games _73_ their第40页，本讲稿共111页ncommunities do not have resources to build and _74_ sports fields and facilities.nOrganized youth sports _75_ appeared during the early 20th第41页，本讲稿共111页ncentury in the Un
20、ited States and other wealthy nations.nThey were originally developmental experts _77_ that the behavior and character第42页，本讲稿共111页nof children were _78_ influenced by their social surroundings and everydaynExperiences.This _79_ many people to believe that if you第43页，本讲稿共111页ncould organize the expe
21、riences of children in _80_ ways,you could influence the kinds of 第44页，本讲稿共111页2009.06 真题解析nKimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japans car-makers.Hes young,successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable _67_.第45页，本讲稿共111页nHe used to own Toyotas
22、Hilux Surf,a sport utility vehicle.But now he uses _68_ subways and trains.“Its not inconvenient at all,”he says.第46页，本讲稿共111页n_69_,“having a car is so 20th century.”Suda reflects a worrisome _70_ in Japan;the automobile is losing its emotional appeal,第47页，本讲稿共111页n_71_ among the young,who prefer to
23、 spend their money on the latest electronic devices._72_ mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular,everything in between is _73_.第48页，本讲稿共111页nLast year sales fell 6.7 percent,7.6 percent _74_ you dont count the mini-car market.There have been _75_ one-year drops in other nations:sales i
24、n Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 _76_ a tax increase.第49页，本讲稿共111页nBut experts say Japan is _77_ in that sales have been decreasing steadily _78_ time.Since 1990,yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.第50页，本讲稿共111页nAlarmed by this state of _79_,the Japan Autom
25、obile Manufacturers Association(JAMA)_80_ a comprehensive study of the market in 2006.第51页，本讲稿共111页n It found that a _81_ wealth gap,demographic(人口结构)changes and _82_ lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their _83_ longer,第52页，本讲稿共111页n replace their cars with smaller ones _84_ give up car
26、ownership altogether.JAMA _85_ a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year.第53页，本讲稿共111页nSome experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer,further consolidation(合并)in the automotive sector is _86_.第54页，本讲稿共111页改错第55页，本讲稿共111页改错七大类n平行结构n动词n连词n代词指代n语义矛盾n词性n固定搭配第56页，本讲稿共111页平行原则n“an
27、d”,“or”,“like”其左右为平行，长相一致，词性一致，褒贬一致。第57页，本讲稿共111页公式ndo,do and doing.nprep.+doing and do.nn.like n-s,n-s.可数名词不能裸体nadj.and adj-er.n(adj.)贬，贬 and 褒第58页，本讲稿共111页动词（谓，非谓）n时态（过去时和现在时）根据上、下句的时态暗示，或本句的时间状语来确定时态是否有错。n语态（被动语态）the cities which threatened byn主谓一致 n.,(),v.n1,(prep.+n2),v.n.(conj.+v.)prep.Phrase+
28、v.+n.第59页，本讲稿共111页非谓语动词的三大形式nto do 表将来ndoing 主动或进行ndone 被动或完成第60页，本讲稿共111页非谓语动词两大错n主、被动 doing-donen大语法 s,s第61页，本讲稿共111页独立主格结构n（with+）n.+to don doingn donen adj./adv.n prep.PhraseShe ran out of room,tears swimming./her face red.第62页，本讲稿共111页连词错误nn.(定从）n（主从）V.(宾从）或（表从）n（状从）s（状从）n强调句型 It is that第63页，本讲
29、稿共111页定从的错n,thatnprep.+who/that第64页，本讲稿共111页名从的错nThat+完整的句子nWhat+不完整的句子nWhat=all that第65页，本讲稿共111页状从的错(even if/though)ns,even/just+sns,even as if+seven,just 在改错中不能删第66页，本讲稿共111页代词指代（单复数指代错误）nit-they/themnits-their第67页，本讲稿共111页语义矛盾n通过褒贬不一致，改反义词。n去掉否定前缀：im-,in-,il-,ir-,dis-,un-,ab-第68页，本讲稿共111页词性错nbe+
30、-lynadj.+v-ed第69页，本讲稿共111页固定搭配n1326个固定搭配第70页，本讲稿共111页总结n挑出and,or 和动词nand,or 左右要平行n谓动三要素n非谓n两个谓动抓连词n括号括出(conj.+s)n代词常改单复数n增减-ly要考虑n见到-un 要去掉n剩下抓介词第71页，本讲稿共111页nOne major decision which faces the American student ready to begin higher education is the choice of attending a large university or a small
31、college.The large university provides a wide range of specialized departments,as well numerous71._courses within such departments.The small college,therefore,72._generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offer a better student-faculty ratio,thus73._permit individualized
32、attention to student.Because of it6s large74._student body(often exceeding 20,000)consisting in many75._people from different countries the university exposes its students to many difference culture,social and out-of-class76._ programmes.第72页，本讲稿共111页nOn the other hand,the smaller,more homogeneous(同
33、性质的)student body of the big college77._affords greater opportunities in such activities.Finally,the university closely approximates the real world and which78._provides a relaxed,impersonal,and sometimes anonymous(隐 姓 埋 名 的)existence,on the contrast,the intimate79._atmosphere of the small college al
34、lows the student four years of structural living in which to expect and preparing for the real80._world.In making his choice among educational institutions the student must,therefore,consider a great many factors.第73页，本讲稿共111页n71.(well)(well)asn72.therefore howevern73.offer offersn74.permit permitti
35、ngn75.in ofn76.culture culturaln77.big smalln78.and /或 and which,thisn79.contrast contraryn80.preparing prepare第74页，本讲稿共111页翻译第75页，本讲稿共111页翻译题型特点1.所给的句子较简单.n n5分钟完成5个句子,每个句子都不长,句式结构比较简单,语境有限.2.所考查的项目比较单纯n n句子词汇,典型句式结构,基本语法,核心词汇与短语的熟练程度.第76页，本讲稿共111页3.所要求的译文相对固定n n题目所给的英文部分,以及括号中的汉语提示,已经暗示了句式框架及选词范围,
36、从而将译文限定在了很小的范围内.第77页，本讲稿共111页翻译解题技巧1.完整准确的理解汉语意思是着手翻译的第一步.2.抓住主干,划分意群n n在理解原句整体意义的基础上,抓住句子的主干结构.具体可采用汉语的缩句法,首先确定主谓宾;再确认其他成分,如定语,状语等.根据句意,以短语为单位划分意群.第78页，本讲稿共111页注意事项n考词组、搭配和语法n复习搭配，尤其是介词搭配n语法正确，时态、语态错不得分n手法灵活，尽量找相关的意思写上第79页，本讲稿共111页2008.06翻译真题n1.Our efforts will pay off if the results of the researc
37、h _ （能应用于新技术的开发）n ncan be applied to the development of new technology第80页，本讲稿共111页n n2.I cant boot my computer now._（一定出了毛病）with its operating system.n n Something must be wrong 第81页，本讲稿共111页n n3.Leaving ones job,_（无论是什么工作）,is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.n nno mat
38、ter what job it is/whatever job it is,第82页，本讲稿共111页n n4._（与我成长的地方相比）,this town is more prosperous and exciting.n nCompared with the place(in which/where)I grow up第83页，本讲稿共111页n n5._（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.n nNot until he finished his mission第84页，本讲稿共111页2008.12月翻译真题n n1.Med
39、ical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _n n(他们至今还没有答案).n nto which they still have no answers today第85页，本讲稿共111页n n2._n n(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.n nWhat most parents are concerned about第86页，本讲稿共111页n n3.Youd better take a swea
40、ter with you _n n(以防天气变冷).n nin case of temperature drop第87页，本讲稿共111页n n4.Through the project,many people have received training and _n n(决定自己创业)n ndecided to start their own business第88页，本讲稿共111页n n5.The anti-virus agent was not known _n n(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)n nuntil a doctor found it by chance第89页，本讲稿共1
41、11页2009.06 翻译真题翻译真题(5 minutes)n87.Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.第90页，本讲稿共111页n答案：ndifficulty(in)catching up with his classmatesn译文：转到新学校没多久，阿里就发现在数学和 英语 这两门功课上很难跟上班里的同学。第91页，本讲稿共111页【答案解析】n本句中重点考查的语法点是动名词在固定结构里的用法，即have difficulty(in
42、)doing。另外还考察了catch up with sb.，表示“赶上，跟上某人（由指功课、进度）这一词组。在组句的时候注意，“班上的同学”要么说成his classmates，要么译成other students in his class，此处的other不可少。第92页，本讲稿共111页n88.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary _(就不会被大雨淋着了).第93页，本讲稿共111页n答案：nwould not have been caught in the heavy rainn译文：如果玛丽早回来一个小时，她就不会被大雨淋着了。第94页，本
43、讲稿共111页【答案解析】n本句考查的是一个典型的过去时态的虚拟。从句使用的是过去完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用be caught in the rain这一说法，不宜直译。第95页，本讲稿共111页n89.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_(更有可能增加体重).第96页，本讲稿共111页n答案：nmore likely to gain/put on weightn译文：据说那些经常在压力下工作或时常加班的人更有可能增加体重。第97页，本讲稿
44、共111页【答案解析】n本句考查的是可能性的表达，因为从句中的主语是人those who.，所以联想到be likely to do结构。此处还考察了比较级和“增加体重”这一短语表达。第98页，本讲稿共111页n90.(很多人没有意识到的)_ is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular.第99页，本讲稿共111页n答案：nwhat is not realized by many people/what many people have not realizedn译文：很多人所没意识到西蒙是个体育爱好者，特别喜欢足球
45、。第100页，本讲稿共111页【答案解析】n本句考查的是特殊疑问词what引导的名词性从句作主语。第101页，本讲稿共111页n91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).第102页，本讲稿共111页n答案：nclosely related to the lack of exercisen译文：研究表明人体机能的退化与缺乏锻炼密切相关。第103页，本讲稿共111页【答案解析】n本句考查的是closely related to，表示“与.密切相关”和lack of，表示“缺乏.”的固
46、定搭配。第104页，本讲稿共111页重点短语n1.response to n对做出反应n例：She made no response to my letter.第105页，本讲稿共111页n2.ward noise 病房噪音n3.think ofas 把看作是n4.make comment on sth.n对做出评论n5.unskilled work非技术性工作第106页，本讲稿共111页paratively munal lifen8.inherent in 为所固有的n9.however much 无论多少n10.so long as只要n11.in a similar way同理，同样第1
47、07页，本讲稿共111页n12.to a great extentn在很大程度上n13.to the best advantagen最出色的，最佳的n14.of value=valuable n of importance=important第108页，本讲稿共111页nOf the utmost importancen极其重要的是n15.be capable of doing sth.n有能力做某事n16.secure in ones beliefsn坚守自己的信仰第109页，本讲稿共111页n17.make an attempt at sth.n试图努力做某事n18.Chances are thatn是可能的n19.capitalize on sth.n利用第110页，本讲稿共111页n20.take stock of n对做出判断n21.in some detailn相当详细的n22 deal with 论述，涉及n23.to begin with 首先，第一第111页，本讲稿共111页