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1、高考必考语法改错之被动语态十大经典错误本讲稿第一页，共四十三页歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。被动语态的构成。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1am/is/are+done 一般现在时2has/have been done 现在完成时3am/is/are being done 现在进行时4was/were done 一般过去时5had been done 过去完成时6.was/were being done 过去进行时.7shall/will be done 一般将来时例8should/would be done 过去将来时例9shall/will have been done
2、将来完成时（少用）10should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。本讲稿第二页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！1.The book got written by him.特点特点1 通常不接by sb.，但有时接by sth.。特特点点2 用用get的地方，一般可用的地方，一般可用be代替，但用代替，但用be的的地方不一定能用地方不一定能用get代替。代替。特点特点3 get多用于一般过去时。多用于一般过去时。特点特点4 这种结构大多是表示状态的系表结构。这种结构大多是表示状态
3、的系表结构。如：如：He got drunk.他喝醉了。他喝醉了。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析was_“get+过去分词过去分词”的四个特点的四个特点本讲稿第三页，共四十三页 get+pp(过去分词)的用法(get done结构)get是系动词，后接过去分词或形容词作表语，表示状语的改变，意为“被，变得”。它不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。get dressed/changed get married get burnt/burned get drunk get startedget lostget caught in the rainget damaged get ex
4、citedget killedget paid get hurt穿衣服/换衣服结婚烧伤,晒黑喝醉开始迷路被雨淋湿遭到破坏激动丧命得到报酬受伤本讲稿第四页，共四十三页【考点】“get过去分词”结构。【考例】1.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.(NMET04-28)2.Be careful when you cross this very busy street If not,you may_ by a car(北京2002)3.How are the team playing Theyre pla
5、ying well,but one of them _(北京2002春)4.As we joined the big crowd，I _ _from my friends.(NMET2001)5.Cleaning women in big cities usually _ by the hour.get changed“换衣服”get run over，got hurt，got separated，get paidget changed get run overgot hurtgot separatedget paid本讲稿第五页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！2.A library with
6、five thousand books are offered to the nation as a gift.解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，又因主语(library)是单数。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析is_将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题本讲稿第六页，共四十三页1.All the employees except the manager _(encourage)to work online at home.2.With more for
7、ests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth _(wash)each year.are encouragedare being washed away语法填空：语法填空：本讲稿第七页，共四十三页3.Great changes have been taken place in our city since 2000.【改错改错】take place和和happen都是不及物动词或短语，都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态。break out,break in，belong to,lose heart,consist of
8、,add up to,rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,occur等都属于不及物等都属于不及物动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语本讲稿第八页，共四十三页The traffic accident was happened yesterday.Ill come after the meeting if time_(permit).The fire was broke out in the capital building.After the earthquake,f
9、ew houses were remained.When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already been risen.permits我练、我练、我练练！我练、我练、我练练！本讲稿第九页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！4.I Your pronunciation should be paid attention.有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介词或副词漏掉。词或副词漏掉。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大
10、经典错误例析to短语动词变成被动语态短语动词变成被动语态介词、副词不能丢介词、副词不能丢本讲稿第十页，共四十三页1.The doctor has been sent_.(介介词词)2.Your homework should be handed _after class(副词副词)3.Women were looked down _ in the old days.4.His house was broke _ by a thief last night.5.Newly-born babies are taken good care _ in hospital.forin语法填空：语法填空：u
11、pon/on intoof本讲稿第十一页，共四十三页6.The patient is being operated_.on短语动词常见的有：短语动词常见的有：catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,set fire to,take care of,take hold of,take notice of,keep an eye on 7.Good care must _babies,particularly while they are ill.be taken of be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照
12、看)是可知，good care与take是被动关系本讲稿第十二页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！5.She was heard sing an English song in the classroom.有些动词如有些动词如有些动词如有些动词如see,hear,watch,notice,listen to,let,see,hear,watch,notice,listen to,let,makemake等，要求不带不定式符号等，要求不带不定式符号等，要求不带不定式符号等，要求不带不定式符号to to 的不定式做宾语补足语，但的不定式做宾语补足语，但的不定式做宾语补足语，但的不定式做宾语补足语，但变
13、成被动语态时要加上不定式符号变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to,to,原来的宾语变成主语，原原来的宾语变成主语，原原来的宾语变成主语，原原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析to本讲稿第十三页，共四十三页1.The boy was made _ cry by his sister.语法填空：语法填空：toBut:The strange was let go.本讲稿第十四
14、页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！61.Whom was English spoken in the next room just now?Who spoke English in the next room just now?(Who spoke English in the next room just now?(主动主动主动主动语态语态语态语态)先把先把先把先把whowho当作主语当作主语当作主语当作主语sbsb变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。English was spoken by whom in
15、the next room just now?English was spoken by whom in the next room just now?疑疑疑疑问词要放在句首变为：问词要放在句首变为：问词要放在句首变为：问词要放在句首变为：Whom was English spoken by in Whom was English spoken by in the next room just now?the next room just now?介词介词介词介词byby可以同可以同可以同可以同whomwhom一起放在前一起放在前一起放在前一起放在前面，也可以放在后面。面，也可以放在后面。面，
16、也可以放在后面。面，也可以放在后面。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析by本讲稿第十五页，共四十三页62.French is also taught by our school.【改错改错】by引出动作发出者引出动作发出者;我们学校也教法语。翻译成我们学校也教法语。翻译成Our school also teaches French.是错误的。是错误的。当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时，当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时，通常用被动语态。通常用被动语态。French is also taught in our school.in_被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经
17、典错误例析本讲稿第十六页，共四十三页 1.People should be stopped _cutting more trees.语法填空：语法填空：fromstop/prevent/keep sb/sth(from)doing sth阻止阻止干某事。在主动语态中干某事。在主动语态中from可以省去，变成被动句可以省去，变成被动句sb/sth be stopped/prevented from doing sth.from不可省。不可省。Keep sb/sth from doing sth意思也是意思也是“阻止阻止干（做）干（做）事事”无论在主动语态无论在主动语态或被动语态中，或被动语态中，
18、from不能省去不能省去,若省去若省去from就变成就变成keep sb/sth doing sth使某人一直干某事。使某人一直干某事。本讲稿第十七页，共四十三页2._was the new bridge built?3.The doctor is known _ us all.4.The medical team is made up _ two doctors and ten nurses.By whom toof本讲稿第十八页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！5.The job had better been finished ahead of time.含含含含had betterhad
19、better的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一个情态动词，同个情态动词，同个情态动词，同个情态动词，同can,may,mustcan,may,must等，变为被动语态时相同。等，变为被动语态时相同。等，变为被动语态时相同。等，变为被动语态时相同。类似的词组还有类似的词组还有类似的词组还有类似的词组还有seem to,happen to,used to,have to,be seem to,happen to,used to,have to,be able to
20、able to 等。等。等。等。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析be_本讲稿第十九页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！7.A maths problem was discussed when I entered the classroom.现在进行式的被动语态形式为现在进行式的被动语态形式为am/is/are+being+过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形式为式为was/were+being+过去分词。过去分词。被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析being本讲稿第二十页，共四十三页-Have you moved into your new
21、 house?-No,it _(paint)now.语法填空：语法填空：is being painted 本讲稿第二十一页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！8.An interesting story was told me last night.tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.Sb.be told sth.Sth.be told to sb.被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析to本讲稿第二十二页，共四十三页1.The cup with mixture was showed _ the class.2.Some country music was played
22、 _ us.3.A question was asked _ me by him.toforofbring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell 等。build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing 等。本讲稿第二十三页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！9.They have married for 2 years.强调状态强调状态被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析been本讲稿第二十四
23、页，共四十三页10.This book is sold well here.【改错改错】有些动词，如有些动词，如act,add,brush,burn,clean,cook,count,cut,draw,drive,keep,lock,look,open,read,sell,smell,smoke,strike,wash,wear,write等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。这类句子的特点是：主语往往是这类句子的特点是：主语往往是“物物”而不是而不是“人人”。另外，后面往往带有另外，后面往往带有well这一类副词或者修饰主语的这一类副词或者修饰主
24、语的形容词。形容词。selling_被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析主动表被动本讲稿第二十五页，共四十三页1.This kind of cloth _(wash)well.2.The soup _(taste)wonderful.语法填空：语法填空：washestastestaste,feel,look,sound,smell,appear等，后接形容词作表语，不可用等，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。于被动语态。主动表被动3.The patient needs_.(take care of)taking care ofto be taken care ofneed,wan
25、t,require三个词的主语是后面跟的动词的承受者时，动名词用主动形式，表示被动意思.不定式用被动形式，句型为：sb/sth needs/wants/requires doing/to be done本讲稿第二十六页，共四十三页4.Eggs wont _(keep)long in summer.5.English is not easy_(learn).6.Please lend me a pen _(write).keepto learnto write withThe meat didnt cook well.(主动句)The meat was cooked for a long tim
26、e over low heat.(被动句)本讲稿第二十七页，共四十三页非谓语动词用主动形式表被动意义的6种场合（详见非谓语动词）在作表语或补语的形容词后作状语的不定式，用主动表被动。在have，with，there be后的名词后的不定式，表示“有要”时，用主动表示被动。在This/That/These/Those be后的名词后的不定式，用主动表被动。不定式to blame，to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动。在表示“（某物）需要”的need，want，require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。在be worth后的动名词用主动表示被动本讲稿第二十八页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意
27、！11.The Peoples Republic of China was found on October 1,1949.find-found-found found-founded-founded被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析founded本讲稿第二十九页，共四十三页【改错改错】注意！12.Wet clothes are often hanged up near a fire in rainy weather.hang-hanged-hanged绞死；上吊绞死；上吊hang-hung-hung悬挂悬挂被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析hung本讲稿第三十页，
28、共四十三页【改错改错】注意！13.Only after my friend camedid the computer repaired.（NMET2005福建卷）福建卷）将语态与倒装结合起来命题将语态与倒装结合起来命题被动语态十大经典错误例析被动语态十大经典错误例析was本讲稿第三十一页，共四十三页 I cant see any coffee in this cupboard.Has it all been finished?(NMET2005春)本讲稿第三十二页，共四十三页1-So what is the procedure?【2013北京】-All the applicants_(inte
29、rview)before a final decision _(make)by the authority.【填空填空】are interviewed被动语态被动语态第一题第一题【解析】考查动词的语态和时态。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.1is made一般现在时本讲稿第三十三页，共四十三页1.I need one more stamp before my collection _(complete).(NMET1994)2.We wont star
30、t the work until all the preparations _(make).（2014天津卷）3.Hundreds of jobs _(lose)if the factory closes.is completedhave been madewill be lost【解析】通常说来。在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。复合句中，从句用一般时表将来语法填空：语法填空：本讲稿第三十四页，共四十三页2.It is said tha
31、t the early European playing-cards _(design)for entertainment and education.(辽宁卷辽宁卷06-31)【填空填空】were designed 被动语态被动语态第二题第二题 表示过去某个时候发生的被表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.2一般过去时本讲稿第三十五页，共四十三页3.More patients _(treat)in hospital this year than last year.(NMET2004，江苏，26)
32、【填空填空】have been treated被动语态被动语态第三题第三题 根据this year确定为现在完成时。注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.3现在完成时本讲稿第三十六页，共四十三页4.Although the causes of cancer _(uncover),we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.(山东卷06-28)【填空填空】are being uncovered被动语态被动语态第四题第四题 表示现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态。注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.4现在进行
33、时本讲稿第三十七页，共四十三页5.By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _(complete)in Beijing.(上海2003 春)【填空填空】had been completed被动语态被动语态第五题第五题 由由短语By the end of last year可知完成这一动作发生在过去的过去.表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.5过去完成时本讲稿第三十八页，共四十三页6.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction
34、 work for the Beijing Olympics _(complete)by 2006.(2004高考北京卷高考北京卷-27)【填空填空】will have been completed被动语态被动语态第六题第六题 表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.6将来完成时本讲稿第三十九页，共四十三页7.The rice _(burn)if you had been more careful.(MET1988)【填空填空】would not have been burnt 被动语态被动语态第七题第七题 虚拟语气注
35、意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.7虚拟语气本讲稿第四十页，共四十三页8.The mistake youve made must _(correct)at once.(90)Coal can _(use)to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.(M80)【填空填空】be usedbe corrected被动语态被动语态第八题第八题 带情态动词的被动结构注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.8本讲稿第四十一页，共四十三页9.After a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equ
36、ipment_(damage).(NMET2005春)【填空填空】was damaged 被动语态被动语态第九题第九题 将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.9本讲稿第四十二页，共四十三页10.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _(place)under the Ministers car.(NMET2005广东卷)【填空填空】had been placed被动语态被动语态第十题第十题 考查定语从句中谓语动词的形式。根据题意place动作应发生在catch之前注意！核心指数核心指数 难度指数难度指数No.10本讲稿第四十三页，共四十三页