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1、形容词和副词1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。
2、sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors
3、 last Sunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词之后，行为动词之前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow i
4、nteresting little red French oil paitings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely等。表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广high高low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对-be dead asleepdeadly非常-be deadly tired pretty相当-be pretty
5、 certain that prettily漂亮地-be prettily dressedclose近-Dont sit close. closely密切地-Watch closely! late晚、迟-arrive late, come late lately最近-I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结
6、构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + t
7、han”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语
8、+ 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on
9、 the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. (4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came
10、(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the
11、poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。（1）as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量多达I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
12、as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before. (7)几组重要的词语辨析。so that 与such that 的区别。so +形容词 / 副词 +that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that
13、such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“些时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weath
14、er。其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before: ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still: already表示某事已经发生；yet用于否定句或疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either: too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、
15、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er，-estlongtalllongertallerlongesttallest不发
16、音的e结尾时加-r，-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er，-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more，mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原级前加less，leastimportantusefu
17、lless importantless usefulleast importantleast useful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well（身体好的）betterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大程度)oldolderelder(较年长的)oldesteldest(最年长的)注意：不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。（一） 考点精测一、 选择填空( ) 1.This box is_ that one.A. heavy
18、 than B. so heavy than C. as heavy as ( ) 2. I think the story is not so _ as that one.A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting ( )3. My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little ( )4. These children are _ this year than they were last year.A. more tall B. more taller C. much talle
19、r( ) 5. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few ( ) 6. The house is _ small for a family of six.A. much too B. too much C. very much ( ) 8. Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger( ) 9. _ you c
20、ome back, _ it will be.A. The quicker, the best B. The sooner, the better C. Faster, the better ( )10. I like_ one of the two books.A. the older B. the oldest C. older ( ) 11. Which do you like _, tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best ( ) 12. The Great Pyramid is about 137 meters high today, but i
21、t was once _.A. higher B. highest C. more high ( ) 13. Who jumped _ of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest ( ) 14. Beijing is one of_ in China.A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the largest cities ( ) 15. Math is more popular than _.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject ( )
22、16. Do you have _ to tell us?A. something new B. new something C. anything new ( ) 17. Mike, I have _ to tell you. A. important something B. important anything C. something important ( ) 18. Im not _ to lift the heavy box.A. short enough B. enough tall C. strong enough ( ) 19. We have never seen_ in
23、teresting films.A. such B. such an C. so ( ) 20. I have worked on the problem, so I am feeling tired and _.A. asleep B. sleepy C. sleeping ( ) 21. You must drive _ next time, or there may be another accident.A. more carefully B . carefully C. more careful( ) 22. - _ will Mr. Green go back to London?
24、 - In two weeks.A. How often B. How long C. How soon ( ) 23. Dont go out. Its raining _.A. quickly B. heavily C. hardly( ) 24. Im still hungry. Could I have two _ pieces of bread, please?A. much B. many C. more ( ) 25. Lucy said she hadnt heard _ music before.A. such a beautiful piece of B. a beauti
25、ful C. such a wonderful( )26We are going to do our work better with _ money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. less, less C. fewer, fewer 二、完成句子1周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。 Zhou Jielun is one of _singers.2这人年纪太大了不能照顾自己。The man is _look after himself.3我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。Our hometown is becoming _.4. 北京的天气比广州的天气冷。The weather in Beijing is _in Guangzhou.5 Bill做作业没有Jim认真。Bill doesnt do homework_ Jim does.答案：一、选择填空1-5CABCA6-10ACBAB11-15BACCA16-20CCCBB21-26ACBCAA二、完成句子1、the most popular2. too old to3.more and more beautiful4.colder than that5.so/as carefully as