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1、八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1Will people have robots?1. fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）2. less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）3. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）4. fall in love with sbsth爱上某人某物 5. live alone单独居住6. feel lonely感到孤独 The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt fe
2、el lonely。那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 7. keep/feed a pet pig养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon飞上月球 9. hundreds of +复数名词 数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of） 10. the same as和相同11. Ais different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference /There are differences between A and B)12.wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” 13. get bored
3、变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）14. go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） 15. lots of/a lot of许多（后接可数名词或不可数名词）16. at the weekends/on weekends在周末 17. study on computers通过电脑学习 18. agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)19. I dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意20. on a piece of paper在一张纸
4、上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等是常考到的不可数名词）21. on vacation度假22. help sb with sth/ help sb do sth帮助某人做某事23. many different kinds of pets许多不同种宠物 24. live in an apartment住在公寓里 /live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼 25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号 26. as a reporter作为一名记者27. loo
5、k smart显得精神/看起来聪明28. Are you kidding?你在骗我吗？ 29. in the future在将来/在未来30.be able to do sth. 能/会做某事 will be able to do sth. 将能/会做某事31.l（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）2. will have to/ had to s
6、tay at home. （不可以用must）本单元目标句型：1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years?2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.fewer修饰可数名词复数； less修饰不可数名词；more既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will本单元语法讲解一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标
7、志词：1.含tomorrow; next短语； 2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间； 5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to
8、表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay wit
9、h you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。一般将来时常见的标志词1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时（另见Unit 5）Unit 2What should I do?1. too loud太大声 2. ou
10、t of style过时的 3. in style 流行的4.call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.给.打电话 5. enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)6.busy enough够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 7.a ticket to/for a ball game一张球赛的门票注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格8. talk ab
11、out谈论 9. on the phone用电话10. pay for付款11.spendon +sth.=spend.( in) doing sth. 在花钱12.It takes sb. sometime to do sth.某人做某事花的时间 13. borrow from从.借( 借进来)14. lendto把借给（借出去）15. You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）16. buy sth for sb为买东西17. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告诉某人做某事18.want
12、 sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事19. find out发现；查清楚；弄明白20. play ones stereo放录象 21. fail the test=not pass the test考试不及格22. fail in (doing) sth在.上失败,变弱23. succeed in (doing) sth在.方面成功24. write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信25. surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）26. to on
13、es surprise使某人吃惊的是.27. to ones joy使某人高兴的是.28. look fora part-time job找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）29. get/find a part-time job找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）30. ask sb. for寻求/向某人要某物31. have a bake sale卖烧烤32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵33. have a fight with sb.=fight with与某人打架34. drop off离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去35. prepar
14、e for=get ready for为做准备36. after-school clubs课外俱乐部be/get used to doing习惯做某事used to do过去经常/常常做某事be used for doing=be used to do sth.被用于做某事37. fill up填补；装满38. return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人39. get on /along well wit与相处很好 40. all kinds of各种各样41. as much as possible=as much as possible
15、尽可能多42.take part in=join in参加（某种活动/集会）43. a bit =a little一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）44. a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）45. be angry with生的气 46. by oneself+on ones own某人自己/独自地47. on the one hand一方面 48. on the other hand另一方面49. I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.50. see/hear/watch sb. doing
16、 sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做51. notuntil 直到才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.本单元目
17、标句型： Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?1. What should I do?我该怎么办 2. You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信.3. You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.4. They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵.5. Why dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How ab
18、out talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.Unit 3What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of在的前面（外部）2. in the front of在的前面（内部）3. in the library在图书馆4. get out of/get into出之外/进入5. sleep late睡懒觉6. sleep well睡得好7. get to sleep睡着8. walk down/along沿走9. take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）
19、10. on Sunday evening在星期日晚上 注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）11. in the tree在树上12. take photos照相13. at the train station在火车站14. run away跑开，逃跑+15. as+adj原形 as和一样例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)16. buy/draw/make sth. for sb.为某人买/画/制作17. walk home走回家18. in his
20、tory在历史上19. for example例如20. in the city of在市21. on the playground在操场上22. ten minutes ago十分钟前23. take place发生（强调必然性）24. happen to sth./sb.发生（强调偶然性）例如：What happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?25. of course=sure=certainly当然26. all over the world=around the world遍及全世界27. ou
21、tside/inside the station在车站外/内28. next to相邻，紧贴29. close to接近于；在附近30. be ill in hospital/bed生病住院/在床31. hear about/of听说（间接听到）32. in silence沉默不语本单元目标句型:What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? 1.I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句.2.How about. / Wh
22、at about.?3.While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 4.当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?5.当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.本单元语法讲解过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍
23、晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）例B：We were having supper at that time.（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）解说如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡。）如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A：I cal
24、led you up yesterday evening.B：Did you? At what time?A：At around ten oclock. （大约在十点钟。）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦，当时我正在洗澡。）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in
25、 the kitchen.（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother。”是主句，“when，”是副词从句。）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When/While/As”等副词从句，etc.Unit 4He said I was hard-working1. every Saturday每周六2. first of all首先3. bothand两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）4. neither.nor两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）5. most o
26、f绝大多数6. an exciting week令人兴奋的一周7. agree on something同意某人的计划；对.取得一致意见8. agree to do sth.答应/同意做9. pass on传递10. be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做. .11. be mad at 对疯狂/生气12. do better in=be better at在.方面做得更好13. be in good health身体健康14. report card成绩单15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语16.
27、sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像/感觉像/闻起来像/尝起来像/看起来像+sb./sth.17. get over克服；恢复；原谅18. open up打开/展开/开发/揭露19. care for照料；照顾；意愿；计较20. have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会21. end-of-year exam=final exam期末考试本单元目标句型：间接引语句型转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I She said sheThey said1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶
28、会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan wa
29、s hard-working.6. 在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, Im better at reading than listening. 7. 情况怎样？ Hows it going?8.她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore.本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代
30、词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
31、 She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。 He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 She s
32、aid to me, “You cant do anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。” She told me that I couldnt do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。如：“Has he ever worked in Shangh
33、ai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：“
34、Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。 He asked me which room I lived in.他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the film?” She asked.她问“你怎么看这部电影？” She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3).选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。如： “Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked.妈妈问：“
35、这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。 Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，be
36、g，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。 “Dont t
37、ouch anything.” He said. “不要碰任何东西。”他说。He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语 间接引语today that daynow then, at that momentyesterday the day beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetomorrowthe next day / the following daythe day af
38、ter tomorrow two days after, / in two daysnext week/ month etc the next week/month etclast week/ month etcthe week / month etc. beforeheretherethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般
39、现在时一般现在时 一般过去时； 现在进行时 过去进行时；一般将来时 过去将来时；现在完成时 过去完成时；Unit 5If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1. at the party在晚会上2. ask sb. to do sth.请某人做某事3. stay at home呆在家4. half the class/students一半学生5. get injured受伤6. have a great time玩得高兴7. take away 运走，取走8. all the time=always一直，始终9. make a living
40、谋生10. in order to do为了做某事11. have a party举行聚会12. go to college上大学13. be famous for因而著称14. make money挣钱15. in fact事实上16. laugh at嘲笑17. too much太多(修饰不可数名词)18. too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)19. much too+形容词/副词太20. get exercise 锻炼注意:（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词）21. travel around the world周游世界22. work hard努
41、力工作23. wear jeans穿牛仔裤24. let . in允许进入，嵌入25. get an education获得教育26. take away拿开，拿走本单元目标句型：1. If you do, youll 2. Im going to 3. You should4. Dont you want to ? 5. Dont you think .?如果许老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Mr. Xu goes to the party, well have a great time.如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，许老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to th
42、e party, Mr. Xu wont let you in.本单元语法讲解if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果的话”，用法如下：1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词） a. If you finish your homework , you can go out andplay. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .2.表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民间谚语等，句型是