《被动句翻译精选文档.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《被动句翻译精选文档.ppt（16页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、被动句翻译本讲稿第一页，共十六页 英语常用结构被动式，少用意义被动式（即用主动的形式表达被动的意义）：被动语态在英语里是一种常见的现象。在某些文体中，使用被动句几乎成了一种表达习惯(passive habit)。一、译成汉语的一、译成汉语的“被被”字结构或相似结构字结构或相似结构,如如“叫叫,让让,给给,受到受到,遭到遭到,为为所所,是是的的,加以加以等。等。w在英语中被动语态用得比较广泛，译成在英语中被动语态用得比较广泛，译成汉语时常用以下几种方法处理：汉语时常用以下几种方法处理：本讲稿第二页，共十六页v1.Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the
2、 throne,every one respects him.虽然哈姆雷特虽然哈姆雷特被被剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。v2.They were caught in the rain yesterday.他们昨天他们昨天叫叫雨淋了。雨淋了。v3.Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.我们的对外政策我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。受到全世界人民的支持。v4.They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。他们受到热烈欢迎。v5.He was
3、 policed by the bosses cops.他他受到受到老板雇佣的警察的老板雇佣的警察的监督监督。本讲稿第三页，共十六页vI was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.我我为这些话所深深感动，为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。vBy evening the occupation was complete,and the people were chased off the streets by an eight oclock c
4、urfew.至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们把人们从街道从街道赶走赶走。vThe famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火大火使使这著名的旅馆几乎全部这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭毁灭。vMost letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.他的妻子给他的信件，他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是大多数是由由医院里的护士医院里的护士念给他听的念给他听的。本讲稿第四页，共十六页二、译成汉语
5、主动句二、译成汉语主动句v英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异，汉语很少使用被动英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异，汉语很少使用被动句，句，因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句，主语常常省略。句，主语常常省略。v例如：例如：v 1.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除还没有完全消除。v 2.On their domestic statio
6、ns events in the Middle east were dismissed briefly.在他们国内的电台的广播中，在他们国内的电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了报道了一一下。下。本讲稿第五页，共十六页三、保留原主语保留原主语,被动改主动被动改主动v英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异，汉语很少使用被英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异，汉语很少使用被动句，动句，因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句，主语可以保留。主动句，主语可以保留。例如：例如：v1.Mr.Black was given a prize.布拉克
7、先生得了奖。布拉克先生得了奖。v2.His life was cut short by cholera.他因患霍乱而早亡。他因患霍乱而早亡。v3.He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife.他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。本讲稿第六页，共十六页四四.把原文中的主语译为宾语把原文中的主语译为宾语v在翻译英语的被动句时，在翻译英语的被动句时，我们还可以把原文中的主语我们还可以把原文中的主语译为译语中的宾语。译为译语中的宾语。例如：例如：v1.By the end of the war 800 pe
8、ople had been saved by the organization,but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.v大战终了时，大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。利时人和法国人的生命为代价。v2.It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.v如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。那倒是奇怪了。本讲稿第七页，共十六页五五.译成无主句译成无主句
9、v在翻译英语的被动句时，在翻译英语的被动句时，我们还可以把英语的被动句我们还可以把英语的被动句译成汉语的无主句。译成汉语的无主句。例如：例如：v 1.Whenever work is being done,energy is being converted from one form into another.v做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。v 2Cutting tools should be inspected carefully before they are used.v切割工具使用前要认真检查。切割工具使用前要认真检查。v 3Some pi
10、ctures were hung on the wall.v墙上挂着照片。墙上挂着照片。v 4.Children should be taught to speak the truth.v要教孩子们讲真话。要教孩子们讲真话。本讲稿第八页，共十六页Step 3 Exercises in classvA.Fixed phrases or sentence patterns:v1.It has been proved 已经证明v2.It may be safely said that可以有把握地说v3.It cannot be denied that无可否认v4.It is expected(hop
11、ed)that人们希望v5.It is considered(thought)that人们(有人、大家)认为v6.It is understood that不用说(谁都知道)v7.It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)v8.It is reported that据报道v9.It is said that.据说v10.It is estimated(predicted,calculated)that据估计(预计)本讲稿第九页，共十六页v11.It is supposed that 据推测v12.It is learned that据闻(悉)v13.It may be c
12、onfirmed that可以肯定v14.It is generally(usually)accepted(agreed)that普遍(一般、通常)认为v15.It must be pointed out that必须指出v16.It is believed that 有人(人们、大家)相信v17.It will be seen from this that 由此可见v18.It must(should)be admitted that必须(应该)承认v19.It is rumored that据谣传v20.It may be said without fear of exaggeration
13、 that可以毫不夸张地说本讲稿第十页，共十六页B.Put the following sentences into Chinese.v1.The plan will be examined by a special committee.v v2.National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on October 1st by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.v3.He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the aud
14、ience.v4.All Party members of the college are requested to meet in the assembly hall to listen to a speech.v5.It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south.本讲稿第十一页，共十六页v6.It is believed that worry can make a persons hair turn gray overnight.v7.It has been proved tha
15、t plenty of vegetables will improve ones health.v8.This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men.v9.The city is being destroyed by the flood.v10.This material has to be used in the experiment.本讲稿第十二页，共十六页v11.Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year.v12.He was asked ten quest
16、ions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.v13.It is considered that women tell lies more often than men.v14.It should be admitted that the United Nations intervention is sometimes helpful for settling regional disputes.v15Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of
17、corruption and graft(受贿受贿)among some high officials in China.本讲稿第十三页，共十六页B.Put the following sentences into Chinese.v1.The plan will be examined by a special committee.v该计划将该计划将由由一个特别委员会加以裁决。一个特别委员会加以裁决。v2.National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on October 1st by the Chinese people of all nation
18、alities every year.v我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。v3.He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.v他出现在台上，他出现在台上，观众观众给予给予热烈鼓掌。热烈鼓掌。v4.All Party members of the college are requested to meet in the assembly hall to listen to a speech.v请请全院党员于星期五下午两点三十分在大礼堂听报告。全院党员于
19、星期五下午两点三十分在大礼堂听报告。v5.It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south.v据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。本讲稿第十四页，共十六页v6.It is believed that worry can make a persons hair turn gray overnight.v有人相信有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。v7.It has been proved that plenty of
20、 vegetables will improve ones health.v已经证明已经证明多吃蔬菜对健康有好处。多吃蔬菜对健康有好处。v8.This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men.v这位老人多年来一直这位老人多年来一直受到受到几位解放军的照顾。几位解放军的照顾。v9.The city is being destroyed by the flood.这座这座城市城市正在被洪水所毁。正在被洪水所毁。v10.This material has to be used in the experiment.v这种材料在实
21、验中非用不可。这种材料在实验中非用不可。本讲稿第十五页，共十六页v11.Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year.v菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。v12.He was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.v口试时，口试时，问了十个问题，他全都答对了。问了十个问题，他全都答对了。v13.It is considered that women tell lie
22、s more often than men.v有人认为女人将谎话要比男人多。有人认为女人将谎话要比男人多。v14.It should be admitted that the United Nations intervention is sometimes helpful for settling regional disputes.v应该承认联合国的干预有时有助于平息地区性争端。应该承认联合国的干预有时有助于平息地区性争端。v15Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft(受贿受贿)among some high officials in China.v必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。本讲稿第十六页，共十六页