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1、简单句的基本结构本讲稿第一页，共二十四页英语简单句五种基本结构英语简单句五种基本结构v1.S十V（主谓结构）v2.S十V十 P（主系表结构）v3.S十V十O（主谓宾结构）v4.S十V十O1十O2（主谓双宾结构）v5.S十V十O 十C（主谓宾宾补结构）说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语 本讲稿第二页，共二十四页 一、一、S十十V句式句式（主谓结构）（主谓结构）v 在此句式中,V是不及物动词(vi.)。例如：vThings change.事物是变化的。v Nobody went.没有人去。v-Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？-No，
2、we flew.不，我们是飞去。He runs quickly.他跑得快。They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。本讲稿第三页，共二十四页 二、二、S十十V十十P句式句式（主系表结构）（主系表结构）v在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有：look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall(ill/asleep),stand/sit(still),become,turn等。例如：本讲稿第四页，共二十四页vMr.Turner is an art
3、ist.特纳先生是位画家.vHe seemed interested in the book.vThe story sounds interesting.The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice.vThe milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了 You have grown taller than before.He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。He became a teacher when he grew up.本讲
4、稿第五页，共二十四页 注意：有些系动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如：vHe looked me up and down.他上下打量我。vThey are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。vThey grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。本讲稿第六页，共二十四页 三、三、S十十V十十O句式句式（主谓宾结构）（主谓宾结构）在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如：vI saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部电影。vThey found their home easily.vThey built a ho
5、use last year.vThey have taken good care of the children.vYou should look after your children well.你应该好好照看你的孩子。vWe never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。vMy sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。本讲稿第七页，共二十四页 四、四、S十十V十十O1十十O2句式句式（主谓双宾结构）（主谓双宾结构）v 在此句式中,V是带有双宾语双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。常见的带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bri
6、ng,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get等。例如：vHe gave the book to his sister.vIll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。vHe gave me a book/a book to me.他给我一本书。vHe brought me a pen/a pen to me.vHe offered me his seat/his seat to me.本讲稿第八页，共二十四页注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：vMother bought me a book/a book for me.vHe got
7、 me a chair/a chair for me.他给我弄了一把椅子。vPlease do me a favor/a favor for me.请帮我一下。vId like to ask you a favor/a favor of you.本讲稿第九页，共二十四页 五、五、S十十V十十O 十十C句式句式（主谓宾（主谓宾宾补宾补结构）结构）v 在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。宾语足补语与宾语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子，把宾语补足语划出来：本讲稿第十页，共二十四页 五、五
8、、S十十V十十O 十十C句式句式（主谓宾宾补结构）（主谓宾宾补结构）vThey made the girl angry.They found her happy that day.vI found him out.我发现他出去了。vPlease make yourselves at home.We could hear the children at play outside.He considered herself above others.vThey named the boy Charlie.vThey felt the car moving fast.vI heard the gla
9、ss broken just now.vI advise you not to change your plan.本讲稿第十一页，共二十四页 注意注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：v China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries in the east Asia是并列主语）v Mr.Wang and I often work together and
10、 help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。本讲稿第十二页，共二十四页简单句简单句的五种常见基本结构在实际运用的过程中，我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。如(划线部分都是句子的附加成份)：vHe worked hard all his life.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)vHe is a student in No.1 Middle School.(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)vHaving finish
11、ed his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)本讲稿第十三页，共二十四页并列句并列句就是由并列连词把两个或多个简单句连接起来而成的句子。v常用的并列连词有：and,or,but,so,while,when等。and用作并列连词，连接两个并列句时，可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系。or可以表示并列关系，也可表示因果关系，but表示转折关系，so可表示因果关系。while可表示比较或对比，when 则表示时间，相当于and at that time(就在那时)。本讲稿第十四页，共二十四页vWork ha
12、rd,and you will succeed.(and表示因果关系表示因果关系)vHurry up,or you will be late for the film.(or表示因果关系表示因果关系)vHe is old,but he still works as hard as young people.vMr.Li is generous and outgoing,so we all get on well with him.vI earn only 50 dollars a week,while she earns 80 dollars.vI was going to leave hom
13、e when the telephone rang.（but 表示转折）表示转折）（so 表示因果）表示因果）(when表示时间，相当于表示时间，相当于and at that time)(while表示对比表示对比)本讲稿第十五页，共二十四页复合句复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子 v这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句主句部分，部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句从句部分。部分。常见的从句有常见的从句有定语从句定语从句(分限制性定从和非限制性定从分限制性定从和非限制性定从),名词从句名词从句
14、(分主语从句分主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句表语从句和同位语从句),状语从句状语从句(分时间状从分时间状从,地点状从地点状从,原因状从原因状从,目的状从目的状从,结果状从结果状从,条件状从条件状从,方式状从方式状从,让步状从和比较状从让步状从和比较状从)。从句部分一般都有从句部分一般都有引导词引导词引导这个从句。引导这个从句。本讲稿第十六页，共二十四页vAs is known to all,China is getting more and more powerful.(As 引导一个定语从句)vWhat he says doesnt suit what he does.(本
15、句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是主语从句；what he does 是宾语从句)vWhere there is a will,there is a way.(Where引导一个表示地点的状语从句)本讲稿第十七页，共二十四页即时练习即时练习本讲稿第十八页，共二十四页下列句子是属于简单句、并列句还是复合句，如果是简单句，标明属于哪一种：v1.We always work hard at English.v2.He said he didnt come.v3.I think(that)you are right.v4.What did you buy?v5.She watched
16、her daughter playing the piano.v6.Your job today is to help the old man.v7.Speaking doesnt mean doing.v8.I work as others do.v9.He didnt stop working although he was ill.v10.By the time I got to the station,the train had left.（主谓）本讲稿第十九页，共二十四页v11.What a warm-hearted man he is!v12.I will tell him whe
17、n he comes back.v13.How well she dances!v14.It takes me an hour to get there.v15.I found the book easy.v16.Ill let him go.v17.Living in that country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me.v18.I will have my hair cut.v19.I found it difficult to learn English well.v20.Tom lent me a bo
18、ok.本讲稿第二十页，共二十四页v21.The leaves turn green.v22.I gave Tom a present.v23.This is why we put off the meeting.v24.I do it because I like it.v25.Tell him to wait for us.v26.He got up early so that he could catch the bus.v27.He runs faster than you(do).v28.He got up early in order to catch the bus.v29.I w
19、ill go to the park and visit it.v30.The news that they won the match is true.本讲稿第二十一页，共二十四页v31.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.v32.This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.v33.What he wants is a book.v34.He spoke so fast that I cant foll
20、ow himv35.There are plenty of sheep where I live.v36.If you will go,please tell me.v37.I did my homework.v38.Have you found the book(that)you want?v39.Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,happy and wise.v40.It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it.本讲稿第二十二页，共二十四页v41.When we sh
21、all have our sports meet is still a question.v42.It wont make too much difference whether he will join us.v43.He took out his keys,unlocked the door and entered the room.v44.Frankly speaking,I dont think thats the best way to solve the problem.v45.He will take the express leaving at nine p.m.v46.He
22、asked me if I would go out with him that night,but I said I wouldnt.v47.What you feel to be right may not be right.v48.We took it for granted that they would like the idea.v49.We must work hard,or well never be able to catch up with others.v50.Lets not waste our time arguing about it.本讲稿第二十三页，共二十四页本讲稿第二十四页，共二十四页