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1、Unit5讲义 鲁教版八年级英语上册1、了解世界自然和地理的话题研究2、掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级变化规则的语法3、1.achieve v. 达到；完成；成功He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work harder.如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成。【拓展】achievement n. 成就；成绩We felt a great sense of a
2、chievement when we reached the top of the mountain. 当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。4、condition n. 条件；状况The piano was in good condition. 这台钢琴状况良好。5、As far as I know, there are no
3、;man-made objects as big as this.据我所知，再没有像它这样大的人造物体了。【用法】as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说so far as I know, 意思是“据我所知”。As far as I know, Jacks got twin sisters. 就我所知，杰克有一对孪生姐妹。Theyre
4、not coming today, so far as I know.他们今天不来了 就我所知是这样的。6、include v. 包含；包括Her hobbies include swimming and gardening. 她爱好游泳和园艺。7、The spirit of these climbers shows us that we
5、0;should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些运动员的精神向我们展示了我们不应该放弃努力去实现我们的梦想。【用法】give up 意为“放弃”，后面可以接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。【拓展】如果其宾语是名词，那么名词可以放在 give 和 up 之间，也可以放在up之后；如果其宾语是代词，那么代词只能放在give和up之间。My uncle wants
6、60;to give up drinking wine. 我叔叔想戒酒。Although English isnt easy to learn, I wont give it up. 虽然英语不易学，但我不会放弃。8、Fell free to ask me anything on todays Great Wall tour.在今天的长城
7、游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。【用法】fell free是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让你feel free to do something, 就是让你无需拘束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。A: Can I use your bathroom? 我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？B: Yes, feel free. 可以，请随意。9、in the face of 面对（困难、问题等）In
8、0;the face of difficulties, hes completely unafraid. 他在困难面前毫不胆怯。 10、protect from. 保护。以防。11、remaining adj. 剩余的，剩下的 v. 剩余，剩下(remain的现在分词)；保持；停留，逗留The United States has withdrawn the re
9、maining staff from its embassy.美国已经撤回了大使馆的剩余人员。Stir in the remaining ingredients. 倒入余下的配料并搅匀。12、It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.、当你到达顶端的时候，呼吸是非常困难的。【搭配】It
10、60;is + adj. + to do sth.， it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。【拓展】常用于此句型的形容词有important， difficult， dangerous， necessary， useful， possible等，用来对to do sth. 进行说明。此句型可以转换成To do sth. is + adj.。It is importan
11、t to study English well. 学好英语很困难。Its very difficult to climb Qomolangma. 攀登珠穆朗玛峰很难。13、live up to 达到高标准；不辜负；实行；履行Sales have not lived up to expectations this year. 今年的销售额不尽如人
12、意。Had he lived up to his promise, he would have made a fortune in sponsorship money. 要是他遵守了诺言的话，他本应该已经从赞助费中赚了一大笔钱了。14、challenge v. & n. 挑战；考验The job doesnt really challenge
13、0;him. 这项工作不能真正的考验他。The new governments first challenge is the economy. 新政府面临的第一个挑战是经济问题。15、Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. 更严重的困
14、难包括严寒的气候条件和暴雨。【比较】difficulty 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。【用法】作可数名词时通常用复数，表示具体概念，即：各式各样的 “困难，难题，难事”Hes having financial difficulties. 他正手头拮据。【用法】作不可数名词时，译作“困难，艰难，幸苦”She had great difficulty in understanding him. 她很难理解他说的话。16、southwestern
15、;adj. 西南的；西南方向的Is this Southwestern Airline? 这是西南航空公司吗？17、southern adj. 南方的She lives in southern Italy. 她住在意大利南部。18、Endangered adj. 快要绝种的endangered species 濒危物种19、population n. 人口；全体居民Banglade
16、sh now has a population of about 110 million. 孟加拉国现有大约1.1亿人口。20、One of the worlds most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, 世界上最危险的运动之一就是爬山。 【用法】“one of + the + 形容词的最高级
17、;+ 复数名词”，意为“最之一”。Miss Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。21、take in 吸入；容纳Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鳃吸氧气。【拓展】take off起飞；脱下；动身；匆匆离开
18、take place发生；进行；举行；产生take notes记笔记；做笔记；记录；作笔记take photos照相，拍照；摄影22、succeed v. 实现目标；成功If you try hard youll succeed. 你如果努力就会成功。【搭配】succeed in doing sth.Police have finally succeeded in solving th
19、e mystery. 警察最终成功破解了这个疑案。【辨析】success n.既做可数名词也做不可数名词。当其作可数名词时，意思为成功，胜利，成名。【搭配】success in sth/doing sth做不可数名词时，意思为，成功的人或事，make a success of sth。succeed v.达到目的，实现目标【搭配】succeed in doing sthsuccessful adj. 达到目的；成功的【搭配】be
20、0;successful in sth/doing sth23、die from illnesses 死于疾病24、Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous?为什么尽管爬山很危险，人们还是想要尝试呢？【用法】even though 用作从属连词，意为“即使；尽管”，相
21、当于even if，引导让步状语从句，一般不与并列连词but连用。Mr. Wang will come on time even though it rains. 尽管下雨，但王老师会按时来。25、形容词和副词比较级和最高级变化规则一、规则变化 1. 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级er ， 最高级est 如： clevercleverercleverest fewfewerfewest
22、 smallsmallersmallest等。 2. 以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级st 即可。 如：nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest 3. 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为ier或est。如: easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest 再如：early,
23、0;busy, heavy, dirty, lazy也如此。 少数单音节词也是这样，如： pleasedmore pleasedthe most pleased tiredmore tiredthe most tired 二、不规则变化： good better best well better best badworse&#
24、160; worst many / much more most far farther farthest (距离远) far further furthest (程度深) old
25、60; elder eldest (长幼) old older oldest (年龄)三、比较级考点 比较级修饰问题a little, a bit, even, still, much, a lot,
26、 far 等可修饰比较级。Tom is a little taller than Jim.This book is much more interesting than that one. 同级比较The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Xian.Our school
27、;is bigger than yours. the + 比较级Lucy is the fatter of the two girls. “a/an + 比较级” 表示“又一，再一”Lily has a doll, but she wants a bigger one. 隐性比较（没有than的情况）Who runs&
28、#160;faster, Lucy or Lily?Youd better come earlier next time. He worked hard last term, but he works even harder this term. 越来越.a. 比较级 + and + 比较级b. the +
29、 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子a. e.g. Its getting colder and colder.The more you exercise, the better you are. 四、最高级考点说明：形容词的最高级前必须加the; 副词的最高级前省略the。 范围问题Tom is the tallest
30、60;student in the class.Spring is the best season of the year. “.之一”问题Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world. “the + 序数词 + 最高级”I think he is the
31、 second tallest boy in his class.3. 比较级和最高级的转换Tom is the tallest student in the class.= Tom is taller than any other student in the class.= Tom is taller than&#
32、160;all the other students in the class.= No other students are taller than Tom.五、同级比较 as + adj./adv. + as She is as thin as Lily.He writes as carefully as Linda. not + as/so + adj./adv. + as Tony didn't run so fast as Carter