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1、情态动词一、三大金刚能力1. can现在/将来 can(肯定回答:Yes, I can./否定回答:No, I cant.)过去 could(肯定回答:Yes, I could./否定回答:No, I couldnt)请求could 委婉(肯定回答:Yes, you can.否定回答:No, you cant/mustnt.) 区别 be able to:(1) can/could 强调主观上能,be able to 强调客观上能够(2) can 用于现在将来,could 用于过去,be able to 用于过去现在及将来(3) was/were able to 可表示过去有能力且成功做到某事
2、请求might 委婉(肯定回答:Yes, you can/may.否定:No, you cant/mustnt.)2. may祝愿 May you be happy.can 与 may 表请求的区别:can 可用于一二人称,而 may 只应用于第一人称必须(肯定回答:Yes, you must.否定回答:No, you neednt/dont have to.)3. mustmustnt 禁止区别 have to:must 强调主观,have to 强调客观eg. We must study hard at school.(主观)We have to walk home because we
3、missed the last bus.(客观) 肯定:must 一定 > may/might 可能4. 表推测否定:cant 不可能 > may/might not 可能不注:can 可用于肯定推测,但表示理论上的可能性,一般不用于具体事情实际发生的可能性。eg. Babies are lovely, but they sometimes can be tiresome.二、三大姐妹情态动词:一般不用于肯定,否定 neednt do sth1. need2. shall实意动词(肯定:need(s) to do 否定:dont need to do)注意三单时态sth need
4、to be done = sth need doing用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问 用于第二、三人称, 表示说话人的意图、允诺、命令You shall have my answer tomorrow. 允诺You shall do as I tell you.命令You shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.警告常用来表示义务、责任,或符合常理的(ought to / be supposed to)should推测(应该)竟然 It seems unfair that this should happen to me.3. will/would
5、三、三大怪兽询问请求(第二、三人称)现在的意愿 We will do anything for you.否定反义疑问句(博学)have todont have todont +人称代词had betterhad better not dohadnt +人称代词used tousednt to dousednt+人称代词didnt use todidnt+人称代词ought tooughtnt tooughtnt/shouldnt+人称代词四、补充1. used 相关短语used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do 被用于做某事2. must 反义疑问句(博学)必须 neednt +人称代词must推测(一定)be/助动词+人称代词mustntmust+人称代词