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1、鲁教版九年级英语上册期末同步基础-词汇和句型1、ahead adv. 向前面主要用作状语，有时也用作后置定语或表语：The road ahead was full of sheep. 前面的路上全是羊。【拓展】用于 ahead of, 注意以下用法：（1） 指时间或空间的“在之前”：He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。（2）表示“比强 (高)” (主要用作表语)：Hes ahead of me in English. 他的英语比我强。（3）用于 ahead of time, 意为“提前”或“提早”：The work was done ahead
2、 of time. 工作提前完成了。有时用于 ahead of schedule：He finished his job ahead of schedule. 他提前完成了工作。【拓展】用于 go ahead, 注意以下用法：（1）表示同意或允许，意为“说吧”、“做吧”：A：May I start?我可以开始了吗?B：Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。（2）表示继续做某事，意为“继续吧”：Go ahead, we are all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听呢!He is always ahead of the age. 他总是走在时代的前面。2、cost v
3、.价钱为，花费 n.价钱，代价；花费，费用The cost of a loaf of bread has increased five-fold. 一条面包的价钱增长了4倍。It's going to cost me over $100,000 to buy new trucks. 买几辆新卡车将花掉我10万多美元。【辨析】spend/take/cost/paycost只能花费金钱，且主语必须是物。 It cost me 20 dollors.spend既可以花费金钱，又可以花费时间，主语一般是人。两个句型：spend sm.st. to do st
4、h.和spend sm.st.（in）doing sth.I spent 50 yuan to buy a toy car .I spent 50 yuan (in) buying a toy car.take一般是形式主语it作主语。句型：It takes sb. st. to do sthIt took me 50minutes to do my homework.pay主语是人。短语：pay for “为······付款” I pay 150 dollors for the sweaters.3、used to +动
5、词原形：表示“过去常常做某事”（1）主语used to动词原形其它 在这个句型结构中used to的含义为“过去常常”。表示过去的习惯，暗示现在已无此习惯。（2）我们可以说I used to work/She used to have/They used to be等等。也就是说used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。例如：When I was a child, I used to like chocolate. 当我还是个小孩儿的时候，我喜欢吃巧克力。I used to read a lot of books but I dont read much these days. 我过去
6、读很多书，不过最近没怎么读。Lisa has got short hair now but it used to be very long. 丽萨现在留短发，以前她的头发特别长。（3）used to的否定形式是I didnt use to.When I was a child, I didnt use to like tomatoes.（4）一般疑问句形式是Did you use to? Where did you use to live before you came here?Did you use to play the piano ? Yes,I d
7、id /No,I didnt .（5）反义疑问句形式：You used to be short ,didnt you ? Yes,I did /No,I didntYoull soon get used to living in the country.I used to go swimming on Saturdays.The knife is used to cut apples.4、marry v.嫁，娶；与结婚marry常用于以下结构：A marry B意为“A与B结婚；A娶/嫁给B”。Jane is going to marry John. 简就要嫁给约翰了。
8、A and B get married=A and B are married=A be/get married to B，意为“A和B结婚”。Lucy and Leo got married last week. 露西和利奥上周结婚了。marry A to B意为“把A嫁给B或给A娶B”。He married his son to a rich girl.他给儿子娶了一个有钱的女子。【拓展】marry为短暂性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。be married 是系表结构，表示状态，和表示一段时间的状语连用。They got married three years ago.=T
9、hey have been married for three years.=It has been three years since they got married.他们结婚三年了。married 作表语是介词要用to，不用with，即be/get married to sb。Willis was married to actress Demi Moore from 1987 until 1998.1987-1998年威利斯曾与女演员黛米摩尔结婚。5、drive v. 开车, 驱赶, 迫使They got a cat to drive out the mice. 他们找到一只
10、猫来驱赶老鼠。A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything. 嫉妒心可使人什么都做得出来。【搭配】drive out of 驱逐drive out of country 赶出国土drive sb out of his mind 把某人逼疯,使某人神经错乱6、agreement n. 一致；同意We are in agreement with their decision. 我们同意他们的决定。I am in entire agreement with you. 我完全同意你。【拓展】agreement的基本意思是“协议”,指国家、政
11、党、团体、个人之间双方或多方经过协商、谈判取得一致意见后所签订的合约,引申可表示“达成协议”,是可数名词。agreement的另一个意思是“同意”,指一方同另一方的观点、看法或者与另一方的建议、条件、计划等意见相符,也指双方或多方就某事经协商后取得的一致意见或对某事看法一致,是不可数名词。【搭配】come to an agreement 达成协议=reach an agreement formal agreement 正式协议7、separate adj. 单独的；分离的；v.分隔，分离（1）v.分隔，分离 （常与from连用）Many families got sep
12、arated during the war. 战争期间，很多家庭妻离子散。At this point, the satellite separates from its launcher. 此时，卫星就脱离发射器。Its the children who suffer when their parents separate. 父母分居时受罪的是孩子。（2）adj. 分开的，独立的，不同的David and I have been separated for six months and we have been sleeping in separate bedrooms.我和大卫分居个月了，我
13、们一直睡在各自的卧室里。He tries to keep his professional life separate from his private life.他尽量把他的职场生活和私人生活完全分开。【辨析】separate/ divideseparate着重指把原来结合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分开或隔离，常与from连用；divide着重指将整体分成若干部分，常与into连用。The whole class was divided into five groups. 全班分成了组。England is separated from France by the Channel. 英法
14、两国由英吉利海峡隔开。8、caring adj. 体贴人的I will miss the school trees and flowers and our kind and caring teachers.我会怀念学校的树木花草以及我们善良，体贴的老师。【拓展】care v. 关心，关注I really care whether we win or lose. 我们是输是赢我真的很在乎。【搭配】1）care aboutThe only thing he cares about is money. 他只在乎钱。 “在乎，介意”I dont care about your opinion. 你的意
15、见我不感兴趣。“对感兴趣”Each of us had to care about the other. 我们人人都必须互相关心。 “关心”Dont you care about this countrys future? 难道你不为国家前途担忧吗？“为担心或担忧”2）care forI dont care for standing in queues. 我不喜欢排队。“喜欢”The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。“照看，照顾”We must care for each other and help ea
16、ch other. 我们要互相关心, 互相帮助。“关心，爱护”9、disappoint v. 使失望Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to disappoint her fans.她决定取消这场音乐会，肯定会使她的歌迷失望。I am sorry to disappoint your expectations. 我很抱歉使你的希望落空。【搭配】+介词be disappointed about 对某事感到失望=feel upsetbe disappointed at result 对结果感到失望be disappointed in
17、sb/sth 对某人某事失望be disappointed of purpose 目的没有实现be disappointed with new bicycle 对新自行车表示失望10、aboveThe plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。【拓展】above的用法（1）作介词在.上面The moon is now above the trees.月亮正位于树梢上。在.之上,超过They are children above six years old.他们是六岁以上的孩子。高于;优于;胜过In the company, Dick ranks above T
18、om.在公司里,迪克的地位比汤姆高。不屑于;不致于He considered himself above doing such things.他自认为是不会去做那种事的。（2）作副词在上面;向上面There are snowy peaks above.上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。(级别、数目等)更高;更大;更多Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote.年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。在上文See the examples given above.见上述例子。（3）作名词上文;上述事实In addition to all of
19、 the above, she won a Prize in 1980.除上述外,她还在1980年获奖。11、alive nadj. 活着的；有生气的；【辨析】alive, living, livealive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：Are your grandparents s
20、till living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？正：Who is the greatest living poet？正：Who is the greatest poet alive？若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一
21、般不用于人。如：He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着12、wealth n. 财富；Health is better than wealth.谚健康胜于财富。He's always flaunting his wealth.他总是摆阔。【拓展】achieve wealth 发财 govern wealth 理财 possess wealth【联想】wealthy 富有的。
22、如：He was born to of wealthy parents. 他出生于有钱人家。He succeeded in business and was very wealthy. 他事业成功，非常富有。表示在某一方面富有，后接介词in。如：He is wealthy in wisdom. 他富于智慧。Our country is wealthy in natural resources. 我国自然资源丰富。用于谚语。如：Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明1
23、3、pull down 拆毁,拉倒A small crowd attempted to pull down a statue. 一小伙人试图推倒一尊塑像。They have managed to pull down the old building. 他们已拆毁了那幢旧建筑。【搭配】let down 让失望She doesnt want to let her friend down. 她不想让她的朋友失望。They won the game and didnt let us down/frustrate us.他们不负众望，赢得了这场比赛。其它搭配slow down 减速
24、0; turn down 关小点put down 放下 write down 写下，记下sit down 坐下 calm down 静下来fall down 跌落，掉下 lay down 躺下look down 向下看，轻视 cut down 砍倒14、do
25、uble v. 加倍；是的两倍 adj. 两倍的用作形容词的用法：double用作形容词时，它有多个意思：1）表示“两倍的”“加倍的”。a double helping 一客双份的食物2）表示“双的”“成双的”“双层的”。You mustnt park on double yellow lines in England. 在英国双黄线上不许停车。The room has double doors. 这房间有双层门。3）表示“两人用的”“双人的”。We bought a double bed. 我们买了一张双人床。4）表示“（意义、标准等）双重的”。The word has a do
26、uble meaning. 这个词有双重意思。This switch has a double purpose. 这个开关有双重用途。用作动词时的用法：double用作动词时，可及物或不及物，意思是“（使）加倍”“对折”。The music doubled in volume. 音乐的声音加大了一倍。He told me not to double the pages. 他叫我不要折书页15、lately adv. 最近，不久前I haven't had enough sleep lately.最近我睡眠不足。I've not been feeling very w
27、ell lately.我最近一直感觉不太好。lately是副词,意思是“近来,最近”,常用于完成时的否定句或疑问句，有时也可用于一般现在时,表示一喜好、兴趣等，还可与一般过去时连用，用于肯定句中。在肯定句中, lately常与only, much, a lot of等连用。lately无比较级和最高级形式。16、known for 以而著名,出名,以见长Mrs. Brown is known for her hospitality .布朗夫人以其好客闻名。London used to be a city known for its "black fogs. "伦
28、敦的“黑雾”一向闻名。【拓展】be known as: 以作为而著称=be famous asNow he was known as a steady man. 现在他已被大家认为是一个可靠的人。be famous for 因-而著名Beijing is famous for the Great Wall.17、by the time 到时候by the time作连词引导时间状语从句当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself.等到了十
29、岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。Ill be in bed by the time you get home.你到家时，我已经上床睡觉了。18、set up 竖立；升起; 建立；设立；创立; 创造（纪录等）They set up some stones as land marks他们竖起一些石头当界碑。The school has set up a special class to help poor readersThe French team set up a new record at tonight's meeting【搭配】关于up 的词组give up 放弃
30、; look up 查询，查找 use up 用完，用光get up 起床 stand up 起立 pick up 捡起 grow up 长大19、show up 出席；露面Why didn't you show up at the meeting yesterday?昨天的会你怎么没来参加？【搭配】show sb around意为“带某人参观”。Would you like me to show you around? 让我带你转转好吗？Bef
31、ore you start work I'll show you around the office. 你开始工作前，我将带你参观一下办公室。show off意为“炫耀”。The children always like to show off when we have guests. 有客人的时候孩子们总喜欢表现自己。He wrote in that style just to show off. 这种文体写文章，完全是为了卖弄文采。20、5. need to doI need to do homework more carefully.My car n
32、eeds repairing.=My car needs to be repairedYou neednt finish the work today.自主归纳：need用法。 实义动词sb+need +名词/介词sb+need to do sthsth +need doing=sth need to be done 情态动词1）常用于否定句或疑问句中2）后接动词原形3）无人称，时态，和数的变化4）否定回答：Must.?neednt=not have to-Clark, your room is really in mess. It needs_.
33、-Sorry, mum. I ll do it at once.A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned21、not only but also: not onlybut also 不但-而且-用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，其中的also有时可以省略。She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而
34、且还会作曲。He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays.We were not only hungry, but also tired. 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。【拓展】当not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。“就近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（在“人称、数”上一致。例如："there be句型;
35、 or; either or；nor; neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also" ; 等。What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。22、She helped you to work ou
36、t the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were.她帮助你自己算出答案，无论它们有多难。no matter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”，在运用时应注意以下几点：（1）注意从句的时态由no matter what/who/where/when引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。（2）注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置no matter what/whose/
37、which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet.无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。（3）注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 他无
38、论在什么地方都快乐。 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。（这里不能用no matter who。） whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。You may invite whomever you like. whatever表示“无论什么”，没有一定的范围限制；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”，其后可接一个名词。Eat whichever cake you like.23、He slept b
39、adly and didnt feel like eating.他睡眠很差并且不想吃东西。feel like用法（1）后接名词Do you feel like a rest? 你想休息一下吗?The material feels like velvet. 这料子摸起来像丝绒。注：下面两句中like后面的rain和snow是名词，不是动词：It feels like rain (snow). 像是要下雨(雪)的样子。（2）后接代词Well go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。“Why did you do that?” “Becaus
40、e I felt like it.” “你为什么那么做呢?”“因为我想那么做。”注：有时后接反身代词，表示觉得身体情况正常。如：I dont feel like myself today. 我今天感到不太舒服。（3）后接动名词I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。I felt like laughing, but I didnt dare. 我想笑，但是不敢笑。After being ill I didnt feel like eating but I managed to force something down.我病后不想吃东西，不过还是勉强咽
41、了一点。（4）后接句子I feel like I want to cry. 我觉得我想哭。You feel like you could reach out and touch it (the space). 你感到仿佛能伸手摸到它(太空)。注：后接句子时，其中的like相当于as if或as though。如：I felt like as if, as though I was swimming. 我觉得好像在游泳似的。Alice felt like as if, as though she was in a very nice dream. 艾丽斯觉得她好像在做一个美梦。24、What d
42、o you used to do that you dont do now? 你以前做而现在不做的事情是什么？I used to take dance lesson, but I dont anymore. 我以前上舞蹈课，现在不上了。【辨析】be used to和used to1）be used to 习惯于，后接名词或动名词2）used to 过去常常做某事，后跟动词原形I used to get up late. But now I am used to getting up early.我过去常常晚起，现在我习惯早起。注意：be used to do为被动结构，表示被用来做某事Comp
43、uters are used to do many things for people now.25、13. However, its clear that the less we sleep, the worse we perform in everyday life.(1)."the more., the more."句型常表示"越就越",是一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面的句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前,more代表形容词或副词的比较级。例如: The more he gets,
44、the more he wants. 他越来越贪。 The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学越想学。(2)."the more., the more."句型,主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。例如:The higher the ground is, the thinner air becomes. 离地面越高,空气就越稀薄。The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作越努力,得到的就越多。(3). 若主句
45、的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。例如:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功,进步就越大。The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer. 战争持续得越久,那里的人们受难就越多。(4). 若比较级作表语且不位于句首时,可以不用the。例如:When we are more in danger, we should be braver. 越是危险,我们越应勇敢。26
46、、(5). 在这种句型中,主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化,常把被强调部分提前。例如:The faster you run, the better it will be. 你跑得越快越好。(6). 这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略。特别是谚语、俗语,只要意义明确,越简练越好。例如: The more , the better.多多益善。 The sooner, the better. 越早越好。(7). 这种句型中的比较部分通常是状语、宾语、表语,也可以是主语。例如: The more English you pr
47、actise, the better your English is.你练习英语越多,你的英语就越好。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。 The more air there is inside the tyre, the greater pressure there is in it. 轮胎里空气越多,承受的压力就越大。(8). 若表示"越越不"时,常用"the more., the less."句型。例如:The more she flat
48、ters me, the less I like her. 她越逢迎我,我越不喜欢她。(9). 若表示"越不就越"时,常用"the less., the more."句型。例如:The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不烦恼,工作就干得越好。27、And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone .而且要记住把垃圾扔进垃圾箱，为所有
49、人保持公共场所的干净和美丽。remember to do sth 表示“记得做某事”，表示要记得做应该做或还没有做的事情。Remember to give me a call this evening .记得今天晚上给我打电话。【辨析】remember to do sth 和remember doing sthRemember to do sth :表示“记得做应该做或还没有做的事情”Remember doing sth:表示“记得曾经做过的事情”Remember to write us when you get there. 到那儿记得给我们写信。I remember telling you about it once .我记得这事和你谈过一次。28、As you set out on your new journey, you shouldnt forget where you came from.当你出发踏上