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1、Unit1讲义 鲁教版九年级英语上册1、掌握本单元出现的一些重点词汇和重要句型,并能灵活运用。2、掌握一般过去时态的被动语态的用法。3、学会有关发明创造的相关话题。4、invent 发明;创造invent 指发明创造出自然界本来不存在的东西,如工具、方法、手段、汽车、电器、合成材料等。Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。Smith invented a new teaching method. 史密斯发明了一种新的教学方法。【拓展】discover, find, creatediscover是“发现”的意思,是指发现原来就有而一直没被发现,如发
2、现电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等。Columbus discovered America in 1492.1492年哥伦布发现了新大陆。Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他们发现了一颗彗星。find的意思是“寻找”,强调找的结果,并不指发现。I've tried to find another copy but couldn't find one. 我试图再找一本,但没能弄到。create指有目的地把原材料制成新产品,也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。Man creates himself. 人类创造了
3、自己。A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计情节。5、pleasure n. 高兴,愉快;日常口语:Its my pleasure. With pleasure. 不客气Its my pleasure to help you look after your pet cat.我感到很荣幸帮你照看你的宠物猫。【辨析】please, pleased, pleasure, pleasant 的区别 please表请求或要求的语气。是动词(及物动词)。-Come in, please.请进来吧。(或Pease come in)-Sit d
4、own, please.请坐。(或Please sit down)表“讨好,讨人喜欢;喜欢”(不及物动词)或者“使···高兴,使···满意,使···喜欢”(及物动词)-Go where you please.你想去哪就去哪。-What pleases you best? 你最喜欢什么? pleased形容词。表示“高兴的,喜欢的,满意的”。它指的是人主观上感到的满足心理-I'm pleased to see you!见到你真高兴!常用句型有:be pleased to do sth.
5、高兴做某事be pleased at/about/with/by 对···感到满意/高兴be pleased that从句 对··· 感到满意/高兴pleasant形容词。表示“令人愉快的”“让人感到满意”。主语一般为物。The walk was very pleasant. 那次散步很(让人)愉快。pleasure名词 表示“满足;乐趣;消遣、娱乐”It's a pleasure to read this book. 读这本书真是件乐事。6、remain (v.) 保持;剩余;残余remain意为“停留,留下”,
6、相当于stay。“呆在那里”可以说remain / stay there,但“呆在家里”只能说stay (at) home。版权所有She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。They all wished us to remain. 他们都希望我们留下来。【拓展】remain作连系动词remain用作连系动词,意为“保持(某种状态),继续存在,仍旧是”,后面接形容词,名词,分词,不定式或介词短语。She remained sitting when they came in他们进来时,她仍然坐着(没有站起来)。Peter bec
7、ame a manager but John remained a worker. 彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。7、by mistake 错误地by mistake 是介词短语,意为“错误地;无意地;不小心地”,指由于错误的判断而千百万的失误,常在句中作状语。I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的手提包,还以为是我的呢。Susan
8、 forgot her key and locked herself out by mistake. 苏珊忘了带钥匙,误把自己关在门外了。【拓展】mistake.formistake.for把错认为, 错把当作She mistook him for the professor.她把他错当作教授了。8、be used for 用来做此短语中的for是介词,表示用途,后接名词或动词-ing形式。An orange is used for medicine. 桔子可以入药。A pen is used for writing. 钢笔用来写字。【辨析】be used as与 be
9、used bybe used as 意为“被用作”,介词as表示“作为”,其后一般接名词,强调使用的工具及手段。English is used as the second language in many countries.英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。This room is used as their office. 这人房间被用作他们的办公室。be used by 意为“被使用”,介词by后面接动作的执行者(宾语)。English is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 全世界的旅行者和商人们使用英语
10、。Tractors are used by the farmers. 农民使用拖拉机。9、It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21st, 1891.人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。本句中的It is believed that. 相当于people believe that.是“人们相信/认为“的意思,that引导的是主语从句。It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of th
11、e world will be seven billion.(=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.)人们都认为到2010年,世界人口将达到七十亿。【拓展】It is reported that 据报道It is supposed/thought that 人们认为Its known that众所周知10、In England, tea didnt appear until around 1660. 在英国,茶直到1660年才出现。此句是由until引导的
12、时间状语从句。not. until 意为“只到才”。She didnt leave until I felt better.只到我感觉好点了,她才离开。【拓展】until的用法until常用作介词或连词,用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。在肯定句中,until与延续性、持续性动词连用,表示“直到为止”。I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。在否定句中,until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用,表示“直到才”,“不到不”。The rain didnt stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。I wont le
13、ave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我,我不会离开。11、George wanted to make the customer happy. 乔治想让顾客开心。句中的make意为“使得”,happy是形容词,作宾语you的补足语,对宾语起补充说明作用,常用的结构为“make名词/代词形容词”。2-1-c-n-j-yThe bad news makes her sad. 那个坏消息使得她伤心不已。A boy broke the window. It made the headmaster angry. 一个孩子打碎了玻璃。这使得校长很生气。当宾语是不定
14、式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。【拓展】make的其他相关句式“make宾语n”意为使/让某人 / 某物(成为)”。We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。“make宾语do sth”意为“使某
15、人做某事”。 在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。12、被动语态(1)主动与被动(2)怎样变主动语态为被动语态把主动语态变为被动语态,可分作三步进行:第一步:找出主动句的宾语,把它作为被动句的主语。第二步:将谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态(助动词be+及物动词的过去分词)。变为被动语态时,时态不要变化。2·1·c·
16、n·j·y第三步:将原主动语态的主语(若是人称代词,须变为宾格)放在介词by后边组成by短语,放到句子的后边。如果我们没有必要说出动作的发出者,by短语则可以不要。例如:(二)各个时态的被动语态结构(三)被动语态的用法,什么情况下用被动语态?(1)当我们不知道或没有必要说出动作的发生者是谁时,通常用被动语态。这种情况下,句子中不带由by引起的短语。例如:21·cn·jy·comThe book is written for children. 这书是为孩子写的。(2)当动作的承受者是谈话的中心时通常用被动语态。这时可以带by短语。This pe
17、n was given to me by Tom.这支笔是汤姆给我的。(3)无必要或不愿说出动作的发出者。这种情况通常是出于礼貌方面的考虑。Smoking is not allowed here.这儿禁止吸烟。(四)与被动语态相关的常考句型It is said that. “据说”It is reported that.“据报道”It is known that. “众所周知”It is believed that“大家相信,人们认为”It is believed that its well worth seeing.人们认为,它是很值得看的。It is said that they have won the game.据说,他们赢得了那场比赛。