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1、Unit 3The world of scienceDeveloping ideas &Presenting ideas基础知识过关.单词拼写1.If anyone thinks he can (起草) the contract more simply, I advise him to try. 2.As is known to all,water (传导) heat faster than air. 3.We must carry the (实验)through to the end, not giving it up halfway. 4.Made
2、of (金属), the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 meters high. 5.Professor Li will inform you of the detailed(步骤) for doing the experiment. 6.The stone rolled down the mountain due to (重力). .用方框内短语的适当形式填空apart from;take place;draw a conclusion;come up with;die from1.It's
3、believed that the manager is able to new ways to solve the difficult problem. 2.The concert next Saturday;would you like to go with me? 3.Most panda babies illnesses and do not live very long. 4. reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. 5.There's no sense in
4、without enough evidence. .单句语法填空1.A good idea flashed my mind that we can make good use of used materials. 2.The scientist devoted himself(entire) to his research. 3.There is no doubt that we should attach great importance environmental problems. 4.It is said that body language a
5、ccounts 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 5.Most students in our class go in for all kinds of (science) activities. 6.There is no (prove) that it was the man who stole the money last night. 7.After three weeks' discussion,they will sign the (d
6、eclare) tomorrow. 8.The job market has changed and our approaches to (find) work must change as well. .分析所给句子中画线部分的结构,并根据汉语意思进行仿写。1.The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. 弹吉他的一个好处是它能给你带来很多快乐。 2.However,neither the s
7、tory nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 李华和王伟明天都不去那里。 3.Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 尽管我的车很旧,但我不想买新车。 4.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched th
8、e key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 如果你认真听课的话,你就能回答老师的问题了。 .课文语法填空Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Apart 1 being a successful statesman, he was also a 2(create) scientist and inventor. Benjamin Franklin 3(fly) a kite dur
9、ing a storm in 1752. He raised the kite with a piece of string 4(tie) to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key and got 5 electric shock. Generations of schoolchild
10、ren have been amazed by his 6(brave) and his scientific approach to 7(look) for the truth. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of a fact. More than one scientist has questioned 8 really happened. They all agree that if Franklin had 9(actual) touched the key, he would
11、 certainly have died from the electric shock. In science, facts should 10(prove)by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or heareven if it is a great story. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 能力提升训练.阅读理解(2021黑龙江鹤岗一中高一下期中)Inventor, physicist, s
12、urveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist.Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the most extraordinary experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect Christopher Wren.Hooke's e
13、arly education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered the Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instrum
14、ents. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of Londonmeaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society's weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay
15、 him!Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork (软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cellsthe smallest unit of life. In fact, it was Hooke who inve
16、nted the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery (修道院).Another achievement of Hooke's is his book Micrographia, which introduces the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the things he saw under the microscope. Th
17、e book also includes, among other things, ideas of gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theoretical frameworks of these phenomena.Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him
18、 in honour of his service to this branch of science.1.Why did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments?A.He liked designing experiments.B.His family needed his support.C.His parents couldn't afford his education.D.He wanted to please some famous scientists.2.What does the underlined word “
19、pastimes” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Jobs.B.Experiments.C.Hobbies.D.Structures.3.What can we know about Hooke?A.He went to Oxford in 1645.B.He was well paid at the Royal Society of London.C.He made a contribution to medicine.D.His book Micrographia may have helped Newton.4.Which word can be used to descr
20、ibe Hooke?A.Honest.B.Creative.C.Reliable.D.Modest.七选五How to Succeed in ScienceTo succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for su
21、ccess.1 That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It's like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it will give you no pleasure. And in the game of science
22、or life, the highest goal isn't simply to win; it's to win at something really difficult. 2. Take risksTo make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by defi
23、nition. 3. This can be more than personally upsetting. Never do anything that bores youMy experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. I'm not good enough to do well in something I dislike. 4. It's very hard to succeed if you
24、don't want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable.So my final rule is: 5. A.Meet challenges with great courageB.If you can't
25、 stand being with your real peers, get out of scienceC.Put another way, it's to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on topD.Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep messE.Avoid foolish peopleF.In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I likeG.Besides, you even have
26、 to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes1. 2. 3. 4. 5. .概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Teenagers' fitness is now a major concern and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong and helps you to keep the right body w
27、eight. Sports scientists offer the following advice to teenagers. First, find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier.There are three levels of fitness that may need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very lit
28、tle exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.According to experts
29、, overweight teenagers should work out to keep healthy. Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories. Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push
30、-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each day. Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger. The same rule is also suitable for active teenagers.Experts also suggest one hour a week or more of running and other forms of intensive exerc
31、ise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. They are really important and can prevent injuries. Some weight training and other body-strengthening exercise could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.
32、 参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.draft2.conducts3.experiment4.metal5.procedure6.gravitye up with2.will take place3.die from4.Apart from5.drawing a conclusion.1.into考查介词。句意:我想到了一个好主意,那就是我们可以好好利用旧材料。 flash into one's mind 某人突然想到。2.entirely考查词性转换。句意:这位科学家全身心投入到他的研究中。此处修饰动词devoted
33、应用副词形式。3.to考查介词。句意:毫无疑问,我们应该高度重视环境问题。 attach importance to重视。4.for考查固定搭配。句意:据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%,而你说的话只占7%。account for占(比例)。5.scientific考查词性转换。句意:我们班上大多数学生喜欢参加各种各样的科学活动。用形容词作定语修饰名词activities。scientific意为“科学的”。6.proof考查词性转换。句意:没有证据证明就是那个人昨晚偷钱了。 分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词形式。7.declaration考查词性转换。句意:经过三个星期的讨论,他们将于明天签署公告
34、。定冠词the后应用名词形式。8.finding考查非谓语动词。句意:工作市场已经改变了,我们找工作的方法也必须改变。approaches后的to为介词,所以答案为finding。.1.One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.2.Neither Li Hua nor Wang Wei is going there tomorrow.3.Although my car is very old, I don't want to buy a new one. 4.
35、If you had listened to the teacher carefully, you could have answered the teacher's question.1.from考查介词。句意:除了是一位成功的政治家,他还是一个有创造性的科学家和发明家。apart from除了外。2.creative考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词作定语。creative有创造力的。3.flew考查动词的时态。根据in 1752可知,此处应用一般过去时。4.tied考查with的复合结构。string与tie是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾补。5.an考查冠词。electric sho
36、ck触电,是可数名词,且electric以元音音素开头,故填an。6.bravery考查名词。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。bravery意为“勇敢”。7.looking考查非谓语动词。approach后的to为介词,所以答案为looking。8.what考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子成分可知8 really happened为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,故答案为what。 9.actually考查副词。修饰动词用副词。10.be proved考查被动语态。facts和prove之间为被动关系,所以此处应用被动语态。能力提升训练.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国伟大的科
37、学家、细胞的发现者罗伯特·胡克。1.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments.可知,胡克在设计实验和发明仪器方面非常优秀,由此推断他接受这个工作的原因是他喜欢设计实验。而B、C、D选项都属于“无中生有”,文中没有涉及这些内容。故选A。2.C词义猜测题。根据上文胡克对实验的喜欢以及第三段他为了观察生物而发明一种复式显微镜可知,用显微镜观察生物是他最喜欢做的事情,由此推断 “pastime”的意思是“爱好”。A项意为“工作”;B
38、项意为“实验”;D项意为“结构”。故选C。3.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的The book.that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theoretical frameworks of these phenomena.可知,书中的一些观点可能对像牛顿这样的科学家发展自己的理论框架有所帮助,由此可知胡克的显微术这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。由第二段内容可知,1662年胡克28岁,他是在13岁进入Westminster School,然后上的牛津大学,他13岁时是1647年,所以上牛津大
39、学的时间不可能是1645年,所以A项错误。B选项“他在英国皇家学会薪水很高”和文中第二段最后一句中的even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him相悖。全文没有提及他对医学方面的贡献,故C选项“他对医学做出了贡献”内容错误。故选D。4.B推理判断题。文章介绍了胡克的很多成就,而且他喜欢做实验,也发明了很多仪器,由此推断他是富有创造性的。而其他三个选项(A项“诚实的”;C项“可信赖的”;D项“谦虚的”)所说的品质在文中没有体现。故选B。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。1.E根据标题后内容可知
40、,作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西,所以建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。2.C根据设空处前一句话可知,作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中,最高的目标不仅仅是获胜,而是成功地做好一些非常困难的事情。换句话说,要通过克服困难来超越自我,使自己名列前茅。C选项是对前一句话的进一步解释。3.G根据设空处前文可知,作者认为如果想取得很大的成功,科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃,你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外,甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄,也就是要勇于怀疑权威。G选项符合语境。4.F根据设空处前一句话中的do well in something I dis
41、like可知,在科学研究中,对于自己不喜欢的事情人们做不好,但对于自己喜欢的事情人们也不一定能做好。故选F。5.B根据前一段的内容可知,作者建议要和其他科学家交流,从而发现自己忽略的关键事实。甚至要和你的竞争对手交流,即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说,如果你无法忍受跟与你真正地位相当的人一起工作,你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。.Possible version 1:Physical exercise plays a significant role in teenagers' fitness. Teenagers are advised to identify their fitne
42、ss levels to design a health programme.(要点1)“Overweight”, “Inactive” and “Active” are the three levels of fitness that may urge one to change his lifestyle. (要点2) In addition to calorie-burning exercise that overweight teenagers should do, inactive and active teenagers are advised to exercise more.(
43、要点3) Furthermore, intensive exercise is vital to injury prevention and body-strengthening exercise helps build up one's strength.(要点4)Possible version 2:Physical exercise is beneficial to teenagers' health. Teenagers are advised to figure out their fitness levels and make a plan to keep fit.
44、 (要点1) There are three levels of physical states, namely “Overweight”, “Inactive” and “Active”, which may need a person's change of lifestyle. (要点2) According to different fitness levels, experts suggest teenagers do calorie-burning exercise and bending and stretching exercises. (要点3)Besides, intensive exercise and body-strengthening exercise are recommended for you to avoid injuries and build up your strength. (要点4)