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1、GRE阅读拿高分必需当心的留意事项 in the field of biomaterials, the science of replacinan-made implants, is control over the interface, or surface, between implanted biomaterials and livinost tissues can be matched by careful selection of raw materials: metals, ceramics, or several varieties of polymer materials. E
2、ven the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studyinaterials or from short-term implants. But achievinatches in physical properties across interfaces between livinatter requires knowledolecules control the bondi
3、naterial interface by controllinical reactions or the microstructure of the biomaterials, our fundamental understandinplant devices adhere to tissues remains woefully incomplete. (159 words) 1. Accordinajor problem currently facinaterials is (A) assessinplants (B) controllinaterials across the inter
4、face of tissue and implant (C) discoverinaterials from which to construct implant devices (D) decidinplants are needed (E) determininportance of short-term implants to lon stability of tissue implant interfaces 2. The passaentioned in the last sentence ? (A) It has solved one set of problems but has
5、 created another. (B) It has concentrated on secondary concerns but has iary concerns. (C) It has improved practical applications of biomaterial technoloplete theoretical explanation of that improvement. (D) It has thorouaterials but has paid little attention to relevant characteristics of human tis
6、sue. (E) It has provided considerable information on short-term implant technolo implant technoloic law is a particularly instructive example of sacred law. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law notwithstandinber of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as
7、subject matter and positive enactment are concerned that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full ranena. Even the two other representatives of sacred law that are historically and an Catholic canon law, are perceptibly different. Both Jewish law and canon law are more u
8、niform than Islamic law. Thouatter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora. Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab pa that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an exa
9、mination, from a reliatter that was far from uniform, comprisinponents of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous leents taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories. All this was unified by beine kind of relipact of which varied ost nonexistent in some fields, and in others
10、 oriatter and reli is additional to the variety of leic law differed from both Jewish and canon law. Jewish law was buttressed by the cohesion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside; its rules are the direct expression of this feelinmodation of dissent. Canon and Islamic law, on the c
11、ontrary, were dominated by the dualism of reli, an alien power but the political expression of the same relis; in Christianity it appeared as the struic law, on the other hand, was never supported by an orerely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the reed by Islamic
12、 states; this anta varied accordine. For the followination to answer which of the followinic law depend on sources other than Arab leic states conflicted with Islamic law? C Is Jewish law more uniform than canon law? 4. It can be inferred from the passaic law in Islamic states has (A) systematically
13、 been opposed by the lack of firm institutional backinent institutions (D) remained unaffected by the political forces operatin the fact that it never experienced a direct confrontation with the state 5. Which of the followinost accurately describes the orenon. (B) A methodoloples of its efficacy ar
14、e provided. (C) A traditional interpretation is questioned and then modified to include new data. (D) A Islamic law in that only canon law (A) contains prescriptions that nonsacred les mimunity as a whole (C) was affected by the tension of the conflict between relient that did not challenental exist
15、ence (E) played a role in the direct confrontation between institutions vyinount problem in the field of biomaterials, the science of replacinan-made implants, is control over the interface, or surface, between implanted biomaterials and livinost tissues can be matched by careful selection of raw ma
16、terials: metals, ceramics, or several varieties of polymer materials. 多数组织的物理特性可以通过认真选择原料来匹配，比如金属，陶瓷，或多种聚合材料。 3 Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studyinaterials or from short-term implants. 甚至由这些材料生
17、产的植入物对植入组织无毒的要求，都可以通过对组织培育反应的讨论和短期植入来达成。 4 But achievinatches in physical properties across interfaces between livinatter requires knowledolecules control the bondinaterial interface by controllinical reactions or the microstructure of the biomaterials, our fundamental understandinplant devices adhe
18、re to tissues remains woefully incomplete. (159 words) 尽管最近的讨论可以让我们通过掌握化学反应或植入物的微观结构使组织与植入物的结合部趋于稳定，但惋惜我们还是未能完全解释植入物如何才能与活体结合。 1. Accordinajor problem currently facinaterials is (A) assessinplants (B) controllinaterials across the interface of tissue and implant (C) discoverinaterials from which to
19、construct implant devices (D) decidinplants are needed (E) determininportance of short-term implants to lon stability of tissue implant interfaces 选A A (问题是无法)评估和调整活体组织和植入物之间的连接。 句 1 ，control 即对应 reentioned in the last sentence ? (A) It has solved one set of problems but has created another. (B) It
20、has concentrated on secondary concerns but has iary concerns. (C) It has improved practical applications of biomaterial technoloplete theoretical explanation of that improvement. (D) It has thorouaterials but has paid little attention to relevant characteristics of human tissue. (E) It has provided
21、considerable information on short-term implant technolo implant technoloic law is a particularly instructive example of sacred law. 伊斯兰教法是 “宗教法” 的一个特殊典型的例子。 ( instructive 启蒙的，供应丰富学问的，有意义的，句子说伊斯兰教法作为例子用来解释“宗教法”特殊地 instructive ，意译成典型的，有劝说力的。 ) 2 Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other
22、forms of law notwithstandinber of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full ranena. 当然，尽管伊斯兰教法和其他形式的法律在主题与明确立法方面难免存在大量巧合，但它仍旧与其他法律有着如此明显的区分，所以为了充分理解各种可能的法律现象，讨论伊斯
23、兰教法是肯定必要的。 3 Even the two other representatives of sacred law that are historically and an Catholic canon law, are perceptibly different. 即使另外两种典型的宗教法，J 犹太教法和 C 罗马天主教法，在时间与空间上都和伊斯兰教法最为接近，伊斯兰教法与它们仍有明显区分。 4 Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. 相较于伊斯兰教法，J 法和 C 法更统一。 5 Thouat
24、ter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora. 尽管历史上古以色列的 J 法与 D 大流散时期(犹太王国公元前六世纪被巴比伦人攻陷后被俘往巴比伦或被驱除流散世界各地，公元前538年起至今，都被称为大流散时期)的 J 法有明显的断裂，但旧约晚期部分的法律事务的精髓与犹太教法典 T 特别接近，T 是 D 时期 J 法最主要的一部法典。 6 Islam, on the
25、other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab pa that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a reliatter that was far from uniform, comprisinponents of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous leents taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territo
26、ries. 另一方面，伊斯兰教则从根本上脱离了早于它产生的阿拉伯异教信仰体系;伊斯兰教法产生于一系列综合考察，从宗教角度看，这些考察涉及的法律主题千差万别，既包括了伊斯兰教以前的阿拉伯法律元素，也包括大量从他们占据的非阿拉伯人聚居地区借鉴的法律元素。 ( 异教徒 pae kind of relipact of which varied ost nonexistent in some fields, and in others oriatter and reli is additional to the variety of leic law differed from both Jewish
27、and canon law. 伊斯兰教法与世俗国家的关系，跟 J 法和 C 法状况都不同。 10 Jewish law was buttressed by the cohesion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside; its rules are the direct expression of this feelinmodation of dissent. J 法的基础是被外界势力压迫的民众的凝聚，它的发条都直接表达这种凝聚的感觉，倾向于调和不同看法。 11 Canon and Islamic law, on the c
28、ontrary, were dominated by the dualism of reli, an alien power but the political expression of the same relis; in Christianity it appeared as the struic law, on the other hand, was never supported by an orerely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the reed by Islamic
29、 states; this anta varied accordine. 只是宗教法的实施和伊斯兰教国家制定的很多规定存在不和;这种对抗因时因地而异。 For the followination to answer which of the followinic law depend on sources other than Arab leic states conflicted with Islamic law? C Is Jewish law more uniform than canon law? 选BC 留意题干，选 EXCEPT 项 A 句 6 显示，伊斯兰教法的确引入了一些非阿拉
30、伯原则。 B 句 14 显示，伊斯兰国家在执政中的确与伊斯兰教法存在某些不和，但详细是什么，文中没有介绍，所以选 B 。 C 句 4 显示，J 和 C 更 uniform ，但无法比较二者的关系，所以选 C 。 4. It can be inferred from the passaic law in Islamic states has (A) systematically been opposed by the lack of firm institutional backinent institutions (D) remained unaffected by the political
31、 forces operatin the fact that it never experienced a direct confrontation with the state 选C 见句 14 。 5. Which of the followinost accurately describes the orenon. (B) A methodoloples of its efficacy are provided. (C) A traditional interpretation is questioned and then modified to include new data. (D
32、) A ic law is a particularly instructive example of sacred law. 后面的内容，都是从各方面比较，来证明这个观点。 6. The passa Islamic law in that only canon law (A) contains prescriptions that nonsacred les mimunity as a whole (C) was affected by the tension of the conflict between relient that did not challenental existence (E) played a role in the direct confrontation between institutions vying for power 选E 见句 12 ，C 法在与等级森严的教会组织的斗争中，被作为一种武器，也可以说 played a role in the direct congreontation between institutions vying for power 。 GRE阅读拿高分必需当心的留意事项