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1、考点42 短文填空之提示词填空此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。AThe train ride to Amsterdam was a long one. It gave me time to write some _61_ （postcard）to send back home. Amsterdam is a
2、fun city, full of _62_ （friend） locals and tourists. I spent the whole day _63_ （explore） the art museums here. The museum about the famous Dutch artist Van Gogh is historic and _64_ （fill） with beautiful art. I took a boat ride along the many water canals and _65_ （see） people in traditional dress
3、wearing their wooden clogs （木屐）. I even got to taste some delicious Dutch cheese.【答案】61. postcards 62. friendly 63. exploring 64. filled 65. saw【解析】文章介绍了在阿姆斯特丹的旅行经历。【61题详解】句意：我有时间写些明信片寄回家。some修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。postcard是可数名词“明信片”的意思。故填postcards。【62题详解】句意：阿姆斯特丹是一个有趣的城市，到处都是友好的当地人和游客。此处修饰名词locals and tour
4、ists，形容词修饰名词，friend的形容词形式是friendly。故填friendly。【63题详解】句意：我花了一整天的时间探索这里的艺术博物馆。spend.(in) doing sth.“花费做某事”，此处in可省略，故填exploring。【64题详解】句意：关于荷兰著名艺术家梵高的博物馆历史悠久，充满了美丽的艺术。be filled with“充满”，是固定搭配。故填filled。【65题详解】句意：我乘船沿着许多水渠航行，看到穿着传统服装的人们穿着木屐。and连接2个并列句，根据took可知是一般过去时态，故填saw。BIn difficult times, there are
5、always individuals who step up and bring people hope and confidence. Zhong Nanshan is one of these heroes who _41_(make) great contributions during the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP) (新冠肺炎).Growing up in a family of doctors, Zhong lives by a simple motto (信条) : save lives and alway
6、s be honest. In 2003, when SARS hit China, he volunteered _42_(treat) patients and asked his colleagues (同事) to send their most serious cases to him. After months of work, his treatment plan for SARS _43_(accept) by China and then the whole world, saving thousands of lives.Seventeen years later, Zho
7、ng is once again _44_(lead) an expert team to study the novel coronavirus. "Please don't travel to Wuhan unless it's absolutely necessary, "Zhong Nanshan reminded the public when the novel coronavirus first _45_(hit) Wuhan. But he, 84, rushed on an overnight train to Wuhan on Jan 1
8、8 while the patients there _46_(wait) for a proper treatment. Two days later, he became the first expert to make certain that the new virus _47_(be) spread between humans. Under his guidance, his team developed a rapid test kit (快速检测试剂盒) for the disease that can show results within 15 minutes. Altho
9、ugh this new virus is known to be more dangerous to the elderly, Zhong _48_(not seem) worried about his own safety.Zhong's image and messages _49_(go) through social media right now. Many people say they "trust every word of Zhong". He has given Chinese people confidence in winning the
10、 battle. He is a real hero and we surely _50_(remember) his great contribution forever!【答案】41. have made 42. to treat 43. was accepted 44. leading 45. hit 46. were waiting 47. can be 48. doesn't seem 49. are going 50. will remember【解析】本篇讲述医学家钟南山一生秉着救人诚实的信念，在2003年非典爆发时他的治疗方案救了中国及世界很多人，17年后，新冠病毒在武
11、汉爆发，他和他的团队赶往武汉，研发检测试剂，他给了中国人民打赢这场战争的信心，他是一个真正的英雄。【41题详解】句意：钟南山是在新型冠状病毒肺炎（NCP）爆发期间做出重大贡献的英雄人物之一。根据语境可知用现在完成时，其结构have/has+过去分词，先行词是前文的heroes，是复数，应该用have。故填have made。【42题详解】句意：2003年，当非典袭击中国时，他主动要求为病人治病，并请同事们把他们最严重的病例送到他那里。volunteer to do sth主动要求做某事，可知此处填不定式；故填to treat 。【43题详解】句意：经过几个月的努力，他的治疗方案被中国乃至全世界
12、接受，挽救了成千上万的生命。主语 his treatment plan for SARS 和动词accept是被动关系，结合语境可知此处填一般过去时被动语态。故填was accepted。【44题详解】句意：17年后，钟再次带领一个专家小组研究新型冠状病毒。根据语境可知句子描述现阶段正在进行的动作，此处填现在分词与is构成现在进行时，故填leading。【45题详解】句意：当新型冠状病毒首次袭击武汉时，钟南山提醒公众，除非万不得已，否则请不要前往武汉。根据主从句时态一致的原则，可知此处填过去式，hit的过去式是不规则变化hit。故填hit。【46题详解】句意：但是，今年84岁的他于1月18日乘
13、通宵火车赶往武汉，当时那里的病人正在等待合适的治疗。根据语境可知此处讲述过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+现在分词；主语是复数，故填were waiting。【47题详解】句意：两天后，他成为第一个确定这种新病毒可以在人与人之间传播的专家。主语the new virus 和spread是被动关系，结合语境可知此处填带有情态动词的被动语态can +be+过去分词；故填can be。【48题详解】句意：尽管已知这种新病毒对老年人更危险，但钟似乎并不担心自己的安全。根据语境可知句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数第三人称；故填doesn't seem
14、。【49题详解】句意：钟的形象和信息现在正在通过社交媒体传播。根据状语 right now可知此处填现在进行时，be+现在分词，主语是复数，故填are going。【50题详解】句意：他是一个真正的英雄，我们一定会永远记住他的伟大贡献！根据语境可知此处填一般将来时will+动词原形；故填will remember。CThe aim of students who come to school is to study. But to study needs a right way or you waste either the time or the money. The following a
15、re the ways of studying. The _43_ (good) time for reading is morning because in the morning, the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason, we can get good result. In studying we must have _44_ (patient). If we have not known a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next
16、one till we have learned the _45_ (one) text. When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book, or we cannot get _46_ (something) from the book while we are reading. We must always ask "whys". If it _47_ (understand) badly, write it down and ask our teachers or our parents, or fr
17、iends. In any possible way, we must know it _48_ (complete) and what we've learned can be used well. Though there are many ways for studying, yet the above mentioned will be quite enough if we can keep _49_ (they) in heart and do so.【答案】43. best 44. patience 45. first 46. anything 47. is underst
18、ood 48. completely 49. them【解析】文章大意：这篇文章主要讲述了一些学习方法，例如早上是最好的阅读时间，要有耐心，要用心看书，要不停问为什么。【43题详解】句意：阅读的最佳时间是在早上。根据The _1_ (good) time for reading is morning，可知此处是说阅读的最佳时间是在早上。设空处前面有定冠词the，所以这里用good的最高级形式best，the best time最佳时间，故答案为best。【44题详解】句意：在学习中我们必须有耐心。根据In studying we must have _2_ (patient).可知此处表达的是
19、在学习中我们必须有耐心。由前面的have可知，这里应使用patient的名词形式patience“耐心”，故答案为patience。【45题详解】句意：直到我们学完第一篇课文，才应该学习接下来的一篇。根据We should not read the next one till we have learned the _3_ (one) text.可知，前面有定冠词the，这里应使用one的序数词first，修饰后面的one，故答案为first。【46题详解】句意：否则当我们阅读时，我们不能从书中得到任何东西。根据上文When we are studying, we must put our h
20、earts into the book, 当我们学习的时候，我们必须把我们的心放在书里，结合or we cannot get _4_ (something) from the book while we are reading. 可知or在这里表示转折，意为：否则当我们阅读时，我们不能从书中得到任何东西。something一些事情，一般用于肯定句，本句为否定句，应用anything任何事情，作get的宾语，故答案为anything。【47题详解】句意：如果理解不好，就把它写下来，问我们的老师或父母，或朋友。根据If it _5_ (understand) badly, write it dow
21、n and ask our teachers or our parents, or friends.结合语境，可知句子时态用一般现在时，而且主语it和谓语动词understand之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，一般现在时的被动语态结构为：be+动词的过去分词，主语是it，be动词用is，understand的过去分词是understood，故答案为is understood。【48题详解】句意：无论如何，我们必须完全理解它。根据In any possible way, we must know it _6_ (complete)，可知设空处修饰前面谓语动词know，所以应使用complete
22、的副词形式completely“完全”，故答案为completely。【49题详解】句意：虽然有许多学习的方法，但如果我们能把它们放在心里，并且这样做，上面提到的就足够了。根据if we can keep _7_ (they) in heart and do so.可知keep为动词，后面应用宾格代词，they的宾格代词是them，代指上文提到的学习方法，故答案为them。DFinding great views is an unforgettable experience. During the summer holiday, I was _43_(luck) enough to go to
23、 Chile (智利) in South America along with some of my schoolmates. We stayed with Chilean _44_(family) there. We met them when they visited our school before. While we _45_(be) there, we visited many parts of the country, including the Atacama Desert (阿塔卡马沙漠) and Chile's capital city of Santiago.At
24、 first, it was a bit difficult _46_(live) in a house with a new family. But I fit in well and my Spanish improved _47_(quick). My trip to Atacama Desert was an unforgettable experience. For example, I swam in Cejar Lagoon, an oasis (绿洲). _48_(it) salty water can help you float more easily. In additi
25、on, I saw wild flamingos, ate in a cafe at a _49_(high) of 3,300 meters and climbed a mountain to see cave (洞穴) paintings that were created over 4,000 years ago.【答案】43. lucky 44. families 45. were 46. to live 47. quickly 48. Its 49. height【解析】本文主要讲述了作者去智利旅游的经历。【43题详解】句意：暑假期间，我有幸和一些同学一起去了南美的智利。be luc
26、ky to do sth.意为“幸运做某事”，故填lucky。【44题详解】句意：我们和那里的智利家庭住在一起。根据句意“我们和那里的智利家庭住在一起”，可知family应用复数形式families，故填families。【45题详解】句意：在那里，我们参观了该国的许多地方，包括阿塔卡马沙漠和智利首都圣地亚哥。因为本文是叙述经历，所以用一般过去时，根据主语we，可知应用be动词were，故填were。【46题详解】句意：一开始，和一个新家庭住在一起有点困难。该句是it做形式主语的句型it is +adj.+ to do sth.，故填to live。【47题详解】句意：但我适应得很好，西班牙语
27、进步很快。根据句意此处要修饰动词improve，所以应用quick的副词形式quickly，故填quickly。【48题详解】句意：它的咸水可以帮助你更容易漂浮。根据句意此处要修饰名词salty water，所以应用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词its，位于句首首字母要大写，故填Its。【49题详解】句意：此外，我还看到了野生火烈鸟，在海拔3300米的咖啡馆里吃饭，爬山看了4000多年前创作的岩画。不定冠词a后应跟名词形式，high的名词形式为height，故填height。EIf you go to another country, what kinds of things wou
28、ld you buy? Would you _46_ (buy) a camera in Japan, some beautiful clothes in France, or a watch in Switzerland? No matter what you may buy, you might think _47_(that) products were made in those countries. However, you _48_ (could) be right. Kang Jian is a 17-year-old student from Shanghai. Last ye
29、ar he went _49_ (visit) his aunt and uncle in San Francisco. He found it interesting that so many _50_ (product) in the local shops were made in China. “I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of the toys were American brands, they were made in China.”Toys are not the only thin
30、gs made in China. “I wanted to buy a pair of basketball shoes,” he explains. “But I had to visit _51_ (fifth) or six stores before finding a pair made in America!” He realized that Americans can _52_ (hard) avoid buying products made in China. “In fact,” he continues, “there _53_(be) many other thin
31、gs there made in China footballs, handbags, pet food, mobile phones. _54_ (even) American flags are made in China!” Kang Jian thinks its great that China is so good at making these everyday things. However, he hopes that in the future China will also get _55_ (good) at making high-technology product
32、s that people can buy in all parts of the world.【答案】46. buy 47. those 48. could not/couldnt 49. to visit 50. products 51. five 52. hardly 53. were 54. Even 55. better【解析】这篇短文主要介绍了在美国很难买到美国的产品，在当地的商店里许多产品都是中国制作的。作者希望在将来中国在制造高科技产品上也会做得更好。【46题详解】句意：你会在日本买一架照相机吗？would情态动词，其后加动词原形，故填buy。【47题详解】句意：无论你买什么，
33、你可能会认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。that那个，修饰单数名词；those那些，修饰可数名词复数；根据其后的名词复数“products”，故填those。【48题详解】句意：然而，你可能是不正确的。根据“However”及后文介绍康佳在美国的购物经历可知此处表示否定猜测，故填could not/couldnt。【49题详解】句意：去年他去旧金山拜访他的叔叔和婶母。go to do sth去做某事，故填to visit。【50题详解】句意：他觉得有趣的是，当地商店里有那么多的产品都是中国制造的。many修饰可数名词复数，故填products。【51题详解】句意：但我不得不去五六家商店才找到一
34、双美国产的！根据并列部分“six stores”可知此处填基数词，故填five。【52题详解】句意：他意识到美国人很难避免购买中国制造的产品。根据后文“ made in China footballs, handbags, pet food, mobile phones. American flags are made in China”可知美国人几乎不能避免购买中国制造的产品，故填hardly。【53题详解】句意：中国制造的东西还有很多足球、手袋、宠物食品、手机。根据这是康佳在介绍过去事情，所以用一般过去时，又根据“many other things”可知系动词用复数，故填were。【54题
35、详解】句意：甚至美国的国旗都是中国制造的。even“甚至”，副词。句子开头单词首字母大写，故填Even。【55题详解】句意：在未来，中国也将更擅长制造高科技产品，人们可以在世界各地买到这些产品。与上文对比“its great that China is so good at making these everyday things.”可知他希望中国更擅长制造高科技产品，故填better。A（2020 沈阳市）阅读短文，然后用短文括号中所给词的适当形式填空。This story is about Li Bai, Li Bai was a great poet in Tang Dynasty.Li
36、 Bai disliked study when he was a child. One day, he played by a river with some other _43_ (child). He suddenly saw an old woman grinding something on big stone. He came up to the woman _44_ (quick) and found that it was an iron rod (铁棒).Li Bai was very _45_ (surprise) at what the old woman was doi
37、ng. He asked the old woman why she did that."I want to make sewing needle (绣花针) by _46_ (I)," answered the old woman. Little Li Bai couldn't understand. He didn't believe the old _47_ (woman) words. He said, "What? You want to grind so big a rod into a needle? It will take you
38、 so many years to do it.""It doesn't matter. As long as I don't give up, there is nothing I can't achieve in the world. I can certainly make a needle from the rod."Li Bai _48_ (move) deeply by what the old woman said. Then he decided _49_ (study) hard. Finally, he became o
39、ne of the greatest poets in China.这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述李白小时候不爱学习，一天在河边碰到一位老妇人用铁棒磨绣花针，李白觉得难以相信，老妇人说只要不放弃没有什么事实完成不了的，李白深受感动，决定努力学习，最后成为中国伟大的诗人之一的故事。43. children 【解析】句意：一天，他和一些孩子在河边玩耍。根据some other可知此处用复数名词children表示“一些其他的孩子”。故答案为children。44. quickly 【解析】句意：他迅速走向那位女士，发现是一根铁棒。动词短语“came up to the woman”用副词修饰，此处用qu
40、ickly表示“快速地”。故答案为quickly。45. surprised 【解析】句意：看到老妇人正在做的事李白很吃惊。主语Li Bai是人，表达“某人感到吃惊的”用形容词surprised作表语。故答案为surprised。46. myself【解析】句意：我想自己做一枚绣花针。此处用by oneself表示“亲自”，此处用I的反身代词myself。故答案为myself。47. woman's【解析】句意：他难以相信这位老妇人的话。名词words 前用形容词修饰，此处用形容词性物主代词womans。故答案为womans。48. was moved【解析】句意：李白被老妇人的话深深
41、地感动。move表示“触动，感动”，主语是人，动词应用被动表示“被感动”。句子是一般过去时态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用was moved表示“感动的”。故答案为was moved。49. to study【解析】句意：然后他决定努力学习。此处用动词短语decide to do，此处用动词不定式to study。故答案为to study。B（2020 东营市）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（必要时可加情态动词或助动词）。George Reeder, 63, has been given a bravery certificate（证书）because of saving th
42、e life of a baby. It was a cold and windy morning. The local harbor（海港）master, George Reeder, _41_（do）his daily work when he heard a noise. On the other side of the harbor, some people were shouting, so he went there quickly by bicycle. “Whats the matter? Why they_42_（shout）?” George Reeder wondered
43、 while he was riding there. “Help! Help my baby!” A woman was screaming（高声喊）, “My baby _43_（be）in the buggy（婴儿车）in the sea. ”Mr. Reeder looked at the sea, and saw a babys buggy in the deep freezing cold water. The strong wind had blown the buggy into the sea. Mr. Reeder quickly decided to do somethi
44、ng. “I went over and saw that the buggy was upside down . . . and I _44_（jump）in,” said Mr. Reeder. He pulled the buggy over to the sea wall. Then some other people came to help. They tied a rope to the buggy and managed to pull it out of the water and to safety. Tanya Allen, a nurse who was passing
45、 by, gave the baby CPR（心肺复苏术）and was able to get him to breathe again. Then an air ambulance helicopter（急救直升机）arrived and the baby _45_（take）to hospital. After hed finished _46_（help）the baby and the helicopter had gone, Mr. Reeder went home. A little later, the babys grandfather went to his house a
46、nd said, “Thanks a lot for what you _47_（do）. The boy is out of danger. He _48_ （leave）the hospital in two days. ” Mr. Reeder was very happy to hear that. Mr. Reeder said that he hadnt really been brave. “It was everyone from Tanya doing the CPR to the helicopter pilot,” he said. “Im just glad I _49
47、_（help）. ” But when Mr. Reeder got the certificate, a reporter said, “This was a very brave act, as he put his own life at risk.”_50_（warn）the people not to walk along the seafront in very windy weather, Mr. Reeder has advised the government to put up some signs. “Hope this will help,” said Mr. Reeder.本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了乔治·里德英勇救人的事迹。41. was doing 【解析】句意：当地的港督，乔治·里德，当听到吵闹声时，他正在做自己的日常工作。“do”做，动词。本句为when引导的时间状语从句，结合语境可知，乔治听到声音时，他正在做自己的工作，故从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，那么从句为一般过去时，主句应为过去进行时was/were doing，主语George Reeder为第三人称单数，故应用be动词was。故答案为was doing。42. are shouting【解析】句意：