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1、考点五十 短文填空之自由填空把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空810个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。二、满分技巧1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（
2、3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什
3、么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。AMany people say that they are working too _1_ hours. They dont have free time with their families. They cant take care _2_ things at home. They dont have time to relax.Work hours are _3_ _ from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1646 hours a year at work. In Japan
4、ese, however, people work about 2159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year _4_a French worker. That is about 12 weekends of extra(额外的) work!_5_ do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to get more money, but many companies dont pay
5、 _6_ extra work. The people in these companies work extra hours because they think its their duty. Some people are afraid they will _7_ their job if they dont work extra hours.Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation. In Germany, they get
6、about four weeks. In the United States, two weeks of _8_is the average(平均). And many people dont _9_ _ all of their vacation days. In one survey, in England, fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In English, people say,all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.That is true, there
7、 are a lot of _10_ people in the world.BVisitors to Japan are often excited about the delicious food, but many people are a little nervous _1_ what to do at restaurants or in a Japanese household. So its helpful to know basic table _2_ before going to Japan. _3_ people use knives, forks, spoons and
8、chopsticks to eat. But chopsticks are the most _4_ utensils(用具). When you are eating dinner with some Japanese friends, dont directly pass _5_ from your chopsticks to somebody elses chopsticks. Its also important not to _6_ chopsticks vertically (垂直地) into food, especially into a bowl of rice. Its n
9、ot _7_ to move your chopsticks up and down above dishes or to point at somebody with your chopsticks.It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. It _8_ you from dropping food. In Japan, it is common to slurp(吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音) while _9_ noodles. People say the noodles taste better _10_
10、they make slurping noises.CWhen I first met my fifth-grade teacher, I was happy. She seemed pretty nice, so I was excited to _1_ a whole year with her. Every day the class would do a warm-up and then discuss it. We would also read stories, sing songs and learn about different cultures around the wor
11、ld. I thought I was very lucky to have such a great, kind and caring _2_.When December came around, my teacher suddenly stopped _3_ to school. The whole class missed _4_. Rumors（谣言）spread around the school about _5_ she didnt come to school.Shes _6_ holiday, some girls explained to each other during
12、 lunchtime.Shes got really tired of us and decided _7_ to teach us anymore, some boys said._8_ no one knew the truth.For the rest of the school year, I never saw her again. In the middle of the sixth grade, I received a disturbing（令人不安的）message. She had died of cancer（癌症）. I _9_ very upset. I wish I
13、 could visit her in the hospital. Whenever I think about her, I remember all of the happy times we had together. Because of her, I can understand what matters most to me. I never told her how much she meant to me. And now its too _10_.A（2019 天津市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整每空限填一词。The villagers in Mha
14、ngeni， Africa faced a very big challenge（挑战）They didn't have a school for their kidsThen the village elder thought of an （1）idea He said that there was an old， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it All the villagers were （2）pleasedwith
15、his suggestion and started the project immediately The parents repaired the broken walls Some villagers （3）dividedthe house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood The others helped make desks and chairs for the students Still， there was much more work to do But the rains were coming They had
16、to （4）stopworking for the school as it was now the best time for them to plantSo the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）themselvesThey had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already openedThey didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies Every day they were busy wit
17、h cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）The news about the project （6）spreadand many people knew it Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）actionsThey donated money for
18、them to buy textbooks and stationeryAfter 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）readyThe kids were very happy but a bit worriedthey were behind in their studiesBesides（除之外）this， they also faced many （9）difficultiesThere were not enough classrooms to hold all the students And two or three stude
19、nts had to share one bookHowever， the children are happy to study in school（10）especiallyin their new school which they helped to build Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true【答案与解析】【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽
20、然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习1idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意i开头的单词，idea意见，想法符合语境故答案为：idea2pleased 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对满意符合语境故答案为：pleased3 divided 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室d开头的单词，divide分开，divideinto把分成符合语境根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去
21、式为divided故答案为：divided4stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做符合语境had to后面接动词原形故答案为：stop5themselves 【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境故答案为：themselves6spread 【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了s开头，spread传播，符合语境根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spre
22、ad的过去式是spread故答案为：spread7actions 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式故答案为：actions8ready 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了r开头的词，ready准备好的符合语境故答案为：ready9difficulties 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式difficult
23、y的复数形式是difficulties故答案为：difficulties10especially 【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里e开头的词，especially尤其符合语境故答案为：especiallyB（2019 四川省自贡市）将下列单词的适当形式填入空格每空限填一词，每词只能用一次continue make place careful who same stop before good somethingA man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being b
24、uiltHe saw a sculptor （雕刻家）（1） a sculptureAs he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearbyHe felt strange and asked the sculptor， "Why are you creating two （2） sculptures？ Do you need two to put in different （3） ?""No" the ma
25、n said without looking up， "We need only one， but the first one became damaged（损害）（4） I could finish it， so I' m working on a new one"Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it （5） But he couldn't find （6） wrong with it"Where is the damage？" he asked"There
26、is a scratch （划痕） on the sculpture's nose " the sculptor said while （7） his workBill then asked "Where are you going to place the sculpture？"The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height" If the sculpture is up that high，（8） is going to
27、 notice that there is a scratch on the nose？ " Bill askedThe sculptor（9） his work， looking up at the man and said，" I will know it"The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work Even if other people didn't notice it， it mattered to him that his work should be of the
28、（10） quality（质量） This is an attitude we should work hard to have【答案与解析】【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度（1）making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making（2）same 考查形容词，根据上文As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculptur
29、e lying nearby当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑故答案为same（3）places 考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places（4）before 考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了判断是完成之前，故答案为before（5）carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为c
30、arefully（6）anything 考查不定代词， couldn't 否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题否定句中不定代词用anything故答案为anything（7）continuing 考查动名词，while后动词用ing形式，结合语境，"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作故答案为continuing（8）who 考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕故答案为who（9）stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家
31、停下他的工作，看着那个男人说："我会知道"故答案为stopped（10）best 考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要故答案为bestC（2019 广东省）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. _71_ the village was very small, I spen
32、t a whole day in it. The village became popular because _72_ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years _73_, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of _74_ own house and other houses. He painted t
33、hings that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of _75 _, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my _76_ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to _77_ a photo of that painting a
34、nd me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted _78_ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy _79_. I really had a good time in the village _80_ wished to visit it again. 【答案与解析】71Although/Though 此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的althoug
35、h和though。此句意为“虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面度过了一天的时光。”72. of 短语because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。Grandpa Huang's hard work是名词短语。73. ago 结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。ago意为“以前，以往”，与一般过去时连用。74. his 结合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用his。75. animals 结合空格后的“such as cats and birds”，此处指很多动物的画。76
36、. favo(u)rite 结合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to. a photo of that painting and me.”可推知，Andy是“我”最喜爱的歌手。77. take 短语take a photo of.意为“给拍照片”。此处指给“我”和那幅画拍一张照片。78. a 短语a lot of意为“很多”。79. life 结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。live a long and happy life意为“过着长寿且幸福的生活”。80. and and在此处表示并列，连接两
37、个并列的谓语动词。D（2019 福建省）Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 81 slk, animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were 82 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 83 an man named Cai Lun.Paper had
38、already existed (存在) in China , but the process for 84 (produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 85 (method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth r
39、ags, and fishing nets. His paper was 86 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.With Cai Luns papermaking method, Chinese culture 87 ru more rapidly over the next several centuries. Thats because ideas were much easier to share 88 more people learned to read. The use of paper s
40、pread abroad, helping 89 'ð cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But 90 whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.【答案与解析】【文章大意】主要讲述中国造纸术之父蔡伦以及造纸的过程。81. silk 考查音标。根据句意及所给音标拼写规则可知。82. really 考查副词。根据句意可知，书写材料是真的很
41、昂贵，这里修饰 expensive 要用副词，real 的副词为 really。83. to 考查介词。根据句意，多亏了一个叫做蔡伦的人 ，thanksto 意为“多亏了” ，因此填介词 to。84. producing 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，纸在中国已经存在 ，但是生产纸的过程还是很困难，并且纸是低质量的。再根据介词后面接动词的 ing 形式，for 为介词，因此这里填producing。85. methods 考查名词复数。根据句意可知，蔡伦是以很多不同的材料和不同的方法开始试验，different 后面接名词的复数形式，method 复数形式为 methods。86. stronge
42、r 考查形容词比较级，根据句意可知，他的纸比之前使用的任何纸都来得更牢固和更便宜，因此这里填 strong 的比较级 stronger。87. grew 考查音标。根据句意及所给音标的拼写规则可知。88. and 考查并列连词，根据句意可知，那是因为想法更容易分享，并且更多人学会阅读，因此这里填 and。89. other 考查音标。根据句意及所给音标的拼写规则可知。90. the 考查冠词。句意为“一整个世界应该永远记住这个聪明的中国造纸者”，the whole world 表示一整个世界，因此这里填 the。E（2019 浙江省绍兴市）阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确
43、形式（每空一词）。 A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have （1）_ (已经) created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds, including （2）_ (医学的) care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on.
44、The library is inside a （3）_ (卡车) that tours schools in the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion(热情) for reading books in children, （4）_ (尤其) in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have a reading room or their （5）_ (自己的) library.The library has got lots of atten
45、tion in Turkey. People from all over Turkey are （6）_ (送) their old books to the library. A （7）_ (女士) working at the mobile library said, "The interest is growing. Each day we have guests coming here to 58 （8）_ (借) books or have a quiet time to read." The director of the library said, "
46、;We have books here for kids aged from four to （9）_ (十), and books for older children, like world classics and （10）_ (诗). We hope that it will develop their love for books."【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍土耳其的一群垃圾收集者正在回收人们扔掉的书。他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。服务于农村学校的四岁到十岁的孩子和打孩子的书。（1）alre
47、ady句意：他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。已经，already，副词常与现在完成时连用，故填already。（2）medical句意：现在有9000多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20种。医学的，medical，形容词。根据空格后care，照顾，护理，名词，要用形容词作定语，故填medical。（3）truck句意：图书馆在一辆卡车内，它在农村学校旅行。卡车，truck，可数名词。根据空格前不定冠词a，要用可数名词单数，故填truck。（4）especially句意：他们希望能给儿童创造更大的热情去阅读书籍，尤其是在手机和电脑时代。尤其，副词especially。修饰介词短语做状语，要用副词，故填especially。（5）own句意：许多学校没有阅览室或自己的图书馆。自己的，own，形容词，用在形容词性物主代词之后。空格后有library，图书馆，名词，要用形容词own，故填own。（6）sending